<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>36</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brodie Paterson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">James Taylor</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Michael Bell</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ian McIntosh</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Christopher Stirling</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reframing human rights-based approaches to the misuse of restraint. A binary approach is needed</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN HEALTHCARE</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dignity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">06/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Viewpoint</style></work-type></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olav Nyttingnes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jūratė Šaltytė Benth</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tore Hofstad</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jorun Rugkåsa</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The relationship between area levels of involuntary psychiatric care and patient outcomes: a longitudinal national register study from Norway</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BMC Psychiatry (Open Access)</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alvorlige psykiske lidelser</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coercion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Compulsion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Involuntary care</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mental health legislation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psykisk helse-lovgivning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Register study</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Registerstudie</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Severe mental disorders</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvang</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangstiltak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ufrivillig omsorg</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">02/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12888-023-04584-4</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;h3 data-test=&quot;abstract-sub-heading&quot;&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mental health legislation permits involuntary care of patients with severe mental disorders who meet set legal criteria. The Norwegian Mental Health Act assumes this will improve health and reduce risk of deterioration and death. Professionals have warned against potentially adverse effects of recent initiatives to heighten involuntary care thresholds, but no studies have investigated whether high thresholds have adverse effects.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=&quot;abstract-sub-heading&quot;&gt;Aim&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;To test the hypothesis that areas with lower levels of involuntary care show higher levels of morbidity and mortality in their severe mental disorder populations over time compared to areas with higher levels. Data availability precluded analyses of the effect on health and safety of others.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=&quot;abstract-sub-heading&quot;&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Using national data, we calculated standardized (by age, sex, and urbanicity) involuntary care ratios across Community Mental Health Center areas in Norway. For patients diagnosed with severe mental disorders (ICD10 F20-31), we tested whether lower area ratios in 2015 was associated with 1) case fatality over four years, 2) an increase in inpatient days, and 3) time to first episode of involuntary care over the following two years. We also assessed 4) whether area ratios in 2015 predicted an increase in the number of patients diagnosed with F20-31 in the subsequent two years and whether 5) standardized involuntary care area ratios in 2014&amp;ndash;2017 predicted an increase in the standardized suicide ratios in 2014&amp;ndash;2018. Analyses were prespecified (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04655287).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=&quot;abstract-sub-heading&quot;&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;We found no adverse effects on patients&amp;rsquo; health in areas with lower standardized involuntary care ratios. The standardization variables age, sex, and urbanicity explained 70.5% of the variance in raw rates of involuntary care.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=&quot;abstract-sub-heading&quot;&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Lower standardized involuntary care ratios are not associated with adverse effects for patients with severe mental disorders in Norway. This finding merits further research of the way involuntary care works.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Irene Wormdahl</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trond Hatling</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tonje Lossius Husum</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sloveig Kjus</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jorun Rugkåsa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dorte Brodersen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Signe Dahl Christensen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Petter Sundt Nyborg</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Torstein Borch Skolseng</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eva Irene Ødegård</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anna Margrethe Andersen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Espen Gundersen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rise, Marit B.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The ReCoN intervention: a co-created comprehensive intervention for primary mental health care aiming to prevent involuntary admissions</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BMC Health Services Research (Open Access)</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coercion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Involuntary admission</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Primary mental health care</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primærhelsetjenesten</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reducing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reduction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reduksjon</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvang</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">07/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12913-022-08302-w</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;h3 data-test=&quot;abstract-sub-heading&quot;&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Reducing involuntary psychiatric admissions is a global concern. In Norway, the rate of involuntary admissions was 199 per 100,000 people 16&amp;thinsp;years and older in 2020. Individuals&amp;rsquo; paths towards involuntary psychiatric admissions usually unfold when they live in the community and referrals to such admissions are often initiated by primary health care professionals. Interventions at the primary health care level can therefore have the potential to prevent such admissions. Interventions developed specifically for this care level are, however, lacking. To enhance the quality and development of services in a way that meets stakeholders&amp;rsquo; needs and facilitates implementation to practice, involving both persons with lived experience and service providers in developing such interventions is requested.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=&quot;abstract-sub-heading&quot;&gt;Aim&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;To develop a comprehensive intervention for primary mental health care aiming to prevent involuntary admissions of adults.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=&quot;abstract-sub-heading&quot;&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;This study had an action research approach with a participatory research design. Dialogue conferences with multiple stakeholders in five Norwegian municipalities, inductive thematic analysis of data material from the conferences, and a series of feedback meetings were conducted.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=&quot;abstract-sub-heading&quot;&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;The co-creation process resulted in the development of the ReCoN (Reducing Coercion in Norway) intervention. This is a comprehensive intervention that includes six strategy areas: [1] Management, [2] Involving Persons with Lived Experience and Family Carers, [3] Competence Development, [4] Collaboration across Primary and Specialist Care Levels, [5] Collaboration within the Primary Care Level, and [6] Tailoring Individual Services. Each strategy area has two to four action areas with specified measures that constitute the practical actions or tasks that are believed to collectively impact the need for involuntary admissions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=&quot;abstract-sub-heading&quot;&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;The ReCoN intervention has the potential for application to both national and international mental health services. The co-creation process with the full range of stakeholders ensures face validity, acceptability, and relevance. The effectiveness of the ReCoN intervention is currently being tested in a cluster randomised controlled trial. Given positive effects, the ReCoN intervention may impact individuals with a severe mental illness at risk of involuntary admissions, as more people may experience empowerment and autonomy instead of coercion in their recovery process.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Åsne Sørflaten</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rettslig grunnlag for bruk av tvang i etableringsfasen for tvungent psykisk helsevern</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">juridisk</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">legalitetsprinsippet</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rettslig grunnlag</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">§3-3</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://bora.uib.no/bora-xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/2772288/160_JUS399_V21.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UiB, juridisk fakultet</style></publisher><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Alle mennesker har en rett til frihet og en rett til et privatliv. I norsk rett følger dette av Grunnloven &amp;sect;&amp;sect; 94 og 102, og av Den europeiske menneskerettighetskonvensjonen (EMK) artikkel 5 og artikkel 8. 1 Likevel vil staten i visse tilfeller ha behov for å begrense disse rettighetene. Begrensningene vil på bakgrunn av rettighetenes betydning, oppleves som svært inngripende overfor individet. Legalitetsprinsippet vil derfor komme inn som en viktig sikkerhet for å sikre at individets rettssikkerhet blir ivaretatt. Inngrep i menneskerettighetene bør kun skje som en siste utvei, innenfor kontrollerte rammer og med tydelige vilkår. Psykisk helsevernloven gir en særskilt tillatelse til å gjøre inngrep i individets frihet og privatliv i de tilfeller hvor formålet er å gi vedkommende nødvendig helsehjelp.2 Loven stiller imidlertid mange og strenge vilkår for når inngrep uten samtykke kan foretas.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Oppgavens hovedproblemstilling er hvilken adgang psykisk helsevernloven gir til å bruke tvang i tidsperioden før det er fattet vedtak om tvungent psykisk helsevern etter phvl. &amp;sect; 3-3 a. Med &amp;laquo;tvang&amp;raquo; menes i denne sammenheng helsehjelp som gis &amp;laquo;uten at det er gitt samtykke&amp;raquo;, jf. definisjonen i phvl. &amp;sect; 1-2 tredje ledd. Begrepet omfatter følgelig både fysisk og psykisk tvang. For å besvare problemstillingen vil jeg foreta en rettsdogmatisk analyse av vilkårene for bruk av tvang i de relevante bestemmelsene i psykisk helsevernloven kapittel 3. Kapittelet regulerer etablering og opphør av tvungent psykisk helsevern, og enkelte av disse bestemmelsene vil derfor ha betydning for oppgavens problemstilling.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Oppgaven befinner seg på et rettsområde som for tiden er under utvikling. De siste årene har det særlig vært fokus på å øke vernet av borgernes rettssikkerhet innen tvungent psykisk helsevern.3 Bruk av tvang i perioden før pasienten formelt er innlagt på institusjon er videre i liten grad omtalt i forarbeider og juridisk litteratur. Oppgavens problemstilling er derfor aktuell som følge av at rekkevidden av disse tvangshjemlene delvis er uklare.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;For å skape en oversiktlig struktur i framstillingen vil etableringsprosessen for tvungent psykisk helsevern deles i fire faser. Disse fasene utgjør en tidsakse som vil danne strukturen i oppgavens hoveddel. Hva de ulike fasene innebærer kan best illustreres med et praktisk eksempel.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mastergradsoppgave</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse, etikk</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kristin Leistad</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rettslig grunnlag for frihetsberøvelse ved «ikke-etableringer» i psykisk helsevern</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ikke-etablering</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">underkjenning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://munin.uit.no/bitstream/handle/10037/22183/thesis.pdf?sequence=2&amp;isAllowed=y</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UiT, juridisk fakultet</style></publisher><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Bakgrunnen for oppgaven er en rapport fra helsedirektoratet om tvang i psykisk helsevern etter lovendringene i 2017. Av rapporten fremkommer det at det gjennomføres et betydelig antall av såkalte &amp;laquo;ikke-etableringer&amp;raquo; i forbindelse med etablering av tvungen observasjon og tvungent psykisk helsevern. Oppgaven undersøker det rettslige grunnlaget for ikke-etableringer. Det er to spørsmål som aktualiserer seg i denne forbindelse. For det første hva slags krav som må stilles til en hjemmel for frihetsberøvelse i forbindelse med ikke-etableringer og for det andre hva som kan være grunnlag for slik frihetsberøvelse?&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mastergradsoppgave</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">etikk</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>36</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tellefsen, RF</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Midtbø, MK</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Relasjonens virkning: Bruk av terapeutisk relasjon i tvangsbehandling</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coercion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">involuntary treatment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mental disorders</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nurse-patient relationship</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">psychiatric illness</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">psychiatric patient</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">05/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2659836</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Høgskulen på Vestlandet, bachelor i sykepleie</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bergen</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Abstract&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Introduction&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Many people will experience dealing with a psychiatric illness at some point throughout their lives, some will also experience coercive measures in their treatment. How can nurses create a good therapeutic relationship to those patients? And does it increase the chance of a better treatment outcome for the patient?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Theory&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Research on literature before the analysis suggests that the therapeutic relationship does not only affect the person itself, it can also have an impact on their treatment outcome. Communication is suggested as an important part on making a positive change.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Method&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This paper is a literature search and a bachelor thesis in nursing. The search for articles was performed with the help of a PICO-model on following databases: Cinahl, Medline, Pscychinfo, and Svemed+. The analysis consists of 5 qualitative studies and 1 systematic literature search found through a citation search on Google Scholar.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Results&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Through the analysis there were found 4 underlying subjects; anatomy, trust and teamwork, the therapeutic relationships impact, perceptions and expectations of staff, and coercive measures evaluation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Discussion&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Verbal and nonverbal communication skills seemed to be important in the treatment as well as listening to the patients for a positive therapeutic relationship. Safety and respect were both mentioned as a way of meeting the patients&amp;rsquo; needs in context of the therapeutic relationship and treatment. A common ground about coercive measures seemed to matter, and the therapeutic relationship was especially important to secure good treatment using these measures.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Conclusion&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Nurses can use their communication skills as a tool and the therapeutic relationship needs to be built on respect, safety, trust and a common ground to make a positive outcome in treatment with involuntary measures. Some areas discussed needs further research.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Keywords Coercion, involuntary treatment, mental disorders, psychiatric patient, psychiatric illness, nurse-patient relationship.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bachelor Thesis</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvangsmidler, tvangsinnleggelse, etikk</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hanssen, O</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rammene for helsepersonelloven § 7. Rammene for behandling av pasienter som ikke samtykker, og/eller motsetter seg helsehjelp med hjemmel i helsepersonelloven §7</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Helsepersonelloven §7</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nødrett</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">plikt</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">øyeblikkelig-hjelp</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">05/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://hdl.handle.net/10037/18200</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UiT, juridisk fakultet</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tromsø</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Oppgaven gir en analyse av rammene for behandling av pasienter som ikke samtykker, og/eller motsetter seg helsehjelp med hjemmel i helsepersonelloven &amp;sect; 7. Det redegjøres for forholdet til tilstøtende regelverk, hvilke skranker som følger av Grunnloven, EMK og Biomedisinkonvensjonen.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Master Thesis</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">etikk</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Opsal, Anne</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kristensen, Øistein</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Clausen, Thomas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Readiness to change among involuntarily and voluntarily admitted patients with substance use disorders</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rusmisbruk</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://substanceabusepolicy.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13011-019-0237-y</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;h3 data-test=&quot;abstract-sub-heading&quot;&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Health care workers in the addiction field have long emphasised the importance of a patient&amp;rsquo;s motivation on the outcome of treatments for substance use disorders (SUDs). Many patients entering treatment are not yet ready to make the changes required for recovery and are often unprepared or sometimes unwilling to modify their behaviour. The present study compared stages of readiness to change and readiness to seek help among patients with SUDs involuntarily and voluntarily admitted to treatment to investigate whether changes in the stages of readiness at admission predict drug control outcomes at follow-up.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=&quot;abstract-sub-heading&quot;&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;This prospective study included 65 involuntarily and 137 voluntarily admitted patients treated in three addiction centres in Southern Norway. Patients were evaluated using the Europ-ASI, Readiness to Change Questionnaire (RTCQ), and Treatment Readiness Tool (TReaT).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=&quot;abstract-sub-heading&quot;&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;The involuntarily admitted patients had significantly lower levels of motivation to change than the voluntarily admitted patients at the time of admission (39% vs. 59%). The majority of both involuntarily and voluntarily admitted patients were in the highest stage (preparation) for readiness to seek help at admission and continued to be in this stage at discharge. The stage of readiness to change at admission did not predict abstinence at follow-up. The only significant predictor of ongoing drug use at 6&amp;thinsp;months was SUD severity at baseline.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=&quot;abstract-sub-heading&quot;&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;The majority of involuntarily admitted patients scored high on motivation to seek help. Their motivation was stable at a fairly high level during their stay, and even improved in some patients. Thus, they were approaching the motivation stage similar to the voluntarily admitted patients at the end of hospitalization. Therapists should focus on both motivating patients in treatment and adapting the treatment according to SUD severity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=&quot;abstract-sub-heading&quot;&gt;Trial registration&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://clinicaltrials.gov/&quot;&gt;ClinicalTrials.gov&lt;/a&gt;, NCT00970372. Registered 1 September 2008,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00970372&quot;&gt;https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00970372&lt;/a&gt;. The trial was registered before the first participant was enrolled. The fist participant was enrolled September 02, 2009.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stuen, HK</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landheim, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rugkåsa, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wynn, R</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Responsibilities with conflicting priorities: a qualitative study of ACT providers' experiences with community treatment orders</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BMC Health Services Research (Open Access)</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ACT</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Community Treatment Order</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">04/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12913-018-3097-7</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">290</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;h4&gt;BACKGROUND:&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;p&gt;Patients with severe mental illness may be subjected to Community Treatment Orders (CTOs) in order to secure that the patients adhere to treatment. Few studies have investigated the use of CTOs within an Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) setting, and little is known about how the tension between the patients&amp;#39; autonomy and the clinicians&amp;#39; responsibility to act in the patients&amp;#39; best interest are resolved in practice. The aim of this study was to explore the service providers&amp;#39; experiences with CTOs within an ACT setting.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h4&gt;METHODS:&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;p&gt;The study was based on reviews of case files of 15 patients, eight individual qualitative in depth interviews and four focus group interviews with service providers involved in ACT and decisions related to CTOs. A modified grounded theory approach was used to analyze the data.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h4&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;p&gt;The main theme &amp;#39;responsibility with conflicting priorities&amp;#39; emerged from data analysis (case file reviews, individual interviews and focus group interviews). The balance between coercive approaches and the emphasis on promoting patient autonomy was seen as problematic. The participants saw few alternatives to CTOs as long-term measures to secure ongoing treatment for some of the patients. However, participants perceived the ACT model&amp;#39;s comprehensive scope as an opportunity to build rapport with patients and thereby better meet their needs. The team approach, the ACT providers&amp;#39; commitment to establish supportive relationships and the frequent meetings with patients in their home environment were highlighted. The ACT approach gave them insight into patients&amp;#39; everyday lives and, in some cases a greater sense of security when considering whether to take patients off CTOs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h4&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;p&gt;Many of the participants viewed CTOs as helpful in securing long-term treatment for patients. CTO decision-making was described as challenging and complex and presented the providers with many dilemmas. The ACT approach was considered as helpful in that it afforded comprehensive, patient-centered support and opportunities to build rapport.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TUD</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>32</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Edel J Svendsen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Restraint during medical procedures in hospitalized children : an exploratory study</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Universitetet i Oslo</style></publisher><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-82-8377-204-3</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsbehandling, Tvangsmidler</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Souri, Solaf</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rettslig regulering av tvang i psykisk helsevern overfor pasienter med spiseforstyrrelser</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">anorexia nervosa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">spiseforstyrrelse</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsbehandling</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">08/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/62560/1/684-.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UiO, Det juridiske fakultet</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oslo</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Sammendrag finnes ikke&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Master thesis</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsbehandling</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>32</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marius Storvik</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rettslig vern av pasienters integritet i psykisk helsevern</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Universitetet i Tromsø</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tromsø, Norge</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PhD i rettvitenskap</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Etikk, Juss</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reidun Norvoll</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marit Helene Hem</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reidar Pedersen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Role of Ethics in Reducing and Improving the Quality of Coercion in Mental Health Care</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HEC Forum</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March 01</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">29</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">59-74</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1572-8498</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Coercion in mental health care gives rise to many ethical challenges. Many countries have recently implemented state policy programs or development projects aiming to reduce coercive practices and improve their quality. Few studies have explored the possible role of ethics (i.e., ethical theory, moral deliberation and clinical ethics support) in such initiatives. This study adds to this subject by exploring health professionals&amp;rsquo; descriptions of their ethical challenges and strategies in everyday life to ensure morally justified coercion and best practices. Seven semi-structured telephone interviews were carried out in 2012 with key informants in charge of central development projects and quality-assurance work in mental health services in Norway. No facilities used formal clinical ethics support. However, the informants described five areas in which ethics was of importance: moral concerns as implicit parts of local quality improvement initiatives; moral uneasiness and idealism as a motivational source of change; creating a normative basis for development work; value-based leadership; and increased staff reflexivity on coercive practices. The study shows that coercion entails both individual and institutional ethical aspects. Thus, various kinds of moral deliberation and ethics support could contribute to addressing coercion challenges by offering more systematic ways of dealing with moral concerns. However, more strategic use of implicit and institutional ethics is also needed.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Etikk</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ewa Ness</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ole Steen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jon G. Reichelt</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fredrik A. Walby</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reduksjon av tvangsinnleggelser fra legevakt</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tidsskrift for Norsk Psykologforening</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://bit.ly/2bgbiKD</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Line Børresen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kristin Eskerud Nielsen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Relasjonsbygging</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">relasjoner</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">schizofreni</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sykepleie</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://ntnuopen.ntnu.no/ntnu-xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/2403293/LBoerresen_KENielsen_2016.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NTNU, Fakultet for medisin og helsevitenskap, Institutt for helsevitenskap Gjøvik, bachelor i sykepleie</style></publisher><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Bakgrunn:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Personer som lider av schizofreni kan ha liten forståelse for sin lidelse. Dette kan føre til at personen blir innlagt på tvang fordi en kan være til fare for seg selv eller andre. Det kan være utfordrende for sykepleier å fremme relasjon med personer som er innlagt mot sin vilje og som lider av schizofreni. En god relasjon mellom sykepleier og person som er innlagt er en forutsetning for behandlingen. Hensikt: Hensikten med studien er å opparbeide kunnskap om hvordan sykepleiere kan på best mulig måte fremme relasjon med personer som er innlagt på tvang og lider av schizofreni. Metode: I denne studien er det er benyttet litteraturstudie som metode. Det er utført et systematisk litteratursøk etter vitenskapelige forskningsartikler som kan bidra til å belyse studiens tema. Seks artikler er inkludert i denne studien. Resultat: Basert på funnene i de seks vitenskapelige artiklene som ble valgt i denne studien, ble det identifisert seks hovedtemaer som er av stor betydning for å fremme en god relasjon. Disse seks temaene er; å skape tillit, samarbeid, tvang, lidelsen, å bli sett og respekt, empati, nærhet og avstand. Konklusjon: Det er viktig at sykepleiere har kunnskap om hvilke faktorer som kan fremme relasjon med personer som er innlagt på tvang og som samtidig lider av schizofreni. Å skape tillit, fokusere på et samarbeid med personen, vite hvordan bruk av tvang og lidelsen påvirker relasjonen, å se personen bak lidelsen og vise respekt, empati, nærhet og avstand. Sykepleiere bør rette oppmerksomhet mot disse seks identifiserte temaene i denne studien for å kunne fremme relasjon med personer som er innlagt på tvang og samtidig lider av schizofreni.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Background:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Persons suffering from schizophrenia may have lack of understanding on their disorder. Because they can be a danger to themselves or others, can this cause the person to be admitted to involuntary commitment. It can be challenging for nurses to promote good relations with persons who are admitted to involuntary commitment and who suffers from schizophrenia. A good relation between nurses and the person who is admittet to involuntary commitment, is a condition to treatment. Aim: The aim of the study was to acquire knowledge about how of the nurses can in the best possible way promote relation with persons who is admitted to involuntary commitment and suffers from schizophrenia. Method: In this study it was conducted literature study methodology. It is performed a systematic search for scientific research articles that can shed light on the theme of the study. six articles are included in this study. Results: Based on the findings of the six scientific articles that were selected in this study, we identified six major themes that are of major importance to promote the relation. These six themes are; to create trust, cooperation, coercion, the disorder, being seen and respect, empathy, proximity and distance. Conclusion: It is important that nurses have knowledge about factors that can promote relations with persons who are admitted involuntarily and at same time suffer from schizophrenia. To build trust, focus on a partnership with the person, knowing how the use of coercion and the disorder affects the relation, to see the person behind the disease and show respect, empathy, proximity and distance. Nurses should draw attention to these six identified themes in this study to promote relationship with persons admitted to involuntary treatment who at the same time suffers of schizophrenia.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bacheloroppgave</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">annet</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elise Høeg Bjerke</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rettsgrunnlag for behandling av demente med psykofarmaka</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">demens</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eldre</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pasient- og brukerrettighetsloven</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Samtykkekompetanse</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Skjult tvang</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsbehandling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsmedisinering</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">§4-4</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://bora.uib.no/bora-xmlui/bitstream/handle/1956/15424/152861664.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UiB, juridisk fakultet</style></publisher><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;I dag bor omtrent 40 000 av Norges befolkning på sykehjem.1 Forholdene på norske sykehjem er stadig gjenstand for offentlig debatt, og i media har det ved flere anledninger blitt avdekket at beboere utsettes for inngrep som ikke har hjemmel i lov.2 Avsløringene viser at omsorg på norske sykehjem ikke alltid ytes i tråd med det grunnleggende rettsstatlige prinsippet der all utøvelse av offentlig myndighet må bygge på rettslige kompetansenormer.3 Når helsehjelp ytes uten tilstrekkelig rettslig forankring vil pasientens rettssikkerhet kunne stå i fare, som følge av et svekket rettslig vern mot overgrep og vilkårlighet.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;For å redusere omfanget av uhjemlet tvangsbruk og sikre at pasienter får nødvendig helsehjelp og et bedre rettsvern, ble kapittel 4A innført i pasient- og brukerrettighetsloven i 2009.4 Helsetilsynets oppfølging av praktiseringen av dette nye lovverket på norske sykehjem avdekket likevel omfattende lovbrudd i landets kommuner, der tvang blant annet ble benyttet uten hjemmel i kapittel 4A.5 Det ble påpekt at lovverket var vanskelig å forstå, at de ansatte hadde liten opplæring i lovverket og at lovverket stilte krav som opplevdes som urealistiske å gjennomføre i en travel arbeidshverdag.6 Undersøkelser har også vist at tvangstiltak blant annet blir brukt på grunn av mangel på ressurser, eksempelvis ved bruk av beroligende medisiner i stedet for aktiviteter og sosial kontakt.7&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Beboere på sykehjem kan ha ulike helseutfordringer som aktualiserer forskjellige medisinske og rettslige spørsmål. I denne oppgaven skal det rettslige grunnlaget for medisinering av demente sykehjemsbeboere med psykofarmaka problematiseres. Aktuelle rettsgrunnlag kan være pasientens eget samtykke, samtykke ved representasjon eller lovhjemler for tvangsbehandling.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mastergradsoppgave</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">etikk</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stensrud, B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hoyer, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Granerud, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landheim, A. S.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">'Responsible, but Still not a Real Treatment Partner': A Qualitative Study of the Experiences of Relatives of Patients on Outpatient Commitment Orders</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Issues in Mental Health Nursing</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26379132</style></url></web-urls></urls><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">36</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">583-91</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><remote-database-provider><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NLM</style></remote-database-provider><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsbehandling</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bente Hustad</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Retten som kontrollorgan - hvordan anvendes vilkårene for å etablere tvungent psykisk helsevern?</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.idunn.no/lor/2015/08/retten_som_kontrollorgan_-_hvordan_anvendes_vilkaarene_for_aa</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lov og Rett</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">08</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reidar Ove Høyholm</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reduksjon og forebygging av tvang og skjerming til psykotiske pasienter i psykiatrisk akuttavdeling</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">akuttavdeling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">akuttpost</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">akuttpsykiatri</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forebygging</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">psykose</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">psykotisk</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reduksjon</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Skjerming</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://nordopen.nord.no/nord-xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/146637/Fordypningsoppgave%20Reidar%20Ove%20H%c3%b8yholm%20.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HiNT (Høgskolen i Nord-Trøndelag), avd. for helsefag</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Namsos</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Bakgrunn: Tvang og skjerming er kontroversielt i dagens helsevesen. Reduksjon og forebygging av disse intervensjonene har de seneste årene blitt sett på med økende interesse, internasjonalt som nasjonalt. Denne studien ser på hva som reduserer eller forebygger tvang og skjerming.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Metode: Oppgaven tar utgangspunkt i en systematisk litteraturstudie hvor data fra 8 primærkilder benyttes. Primærkildene i denne oppgaven er publiserte forskningsartikler. Analysen i denne studien er en empirisk basert analyse.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Resultat: Resultatet av denne litteraturstudien omfatter 8 vitenskapelige artikler der 7 er utført med en kvantitativ metode, og en er utført med en kvalitativ metode. Studiene er utført i følgende land: Australia, USA, Canada, Finland og Norge. Hovedfunnene i denne studien utgjør til sammen 6 kategorier. Tre av disse kategoriene kan sies å være av en viss størrelse. Disse er: Organisasjon, holdninger og kontroll. De tre andre kategoriene er nevnt i en eller to artikler og blir i studien lite omtalt. Disse kategoriene er kunnskapsøkning, bemanningsøkning og jobbtilfredshet.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Konklusjon: Studien viser at det er mange faktorer som påvirker målet om å redusere eller forebygge tvang og skjerming. Hovedfunnene i denne studien indikerer at det er i hovedsak tre kategorier som kan påvirke disse faktorene. Disse er organisasjon, holdninger og kontroll. Videre forskning bør ha fokus på alternativene til tvang og skjerming. Det bør også rettes fokus på hvilke faktorer pasientene selv mener kan bidra til å redusere bruken av tvang og skjerming&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fordypningsoppgave i psykisk helsearbeid</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvangsmidler</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knut-Eldar Eitran</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rusmiddelavhengiges pasientrettigheter ved frivillig behandling og rettigheter ved behandling under tvang</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Det juridiske fakultet</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-32434</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Universitet i Oslo</style></publisher><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Master Thesis</style></work-type></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>46</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Helsedirektoratet</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rapport: Pasienter i det psykiske helsevern i 2009</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://helsedirektoratet.no/publikasjoner/pasienter-i-det-psykiske-helsevernet-2009</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Statistikk</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knut Ivar Iversen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Georg Høyer</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Harold C. 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