<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>36</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tella Lantta</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Joy Duxbury</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alina Haines Delmot</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anna Bjørkdahl</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Models, frameworks and theories in the implementation of programs targeted to reduce formal coercion in mental health settings: a systematic review</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coercion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">coercive measures</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">implementation science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">implementation tool</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">intervention</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mental Health</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">psychiatric care</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">96/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychiatry/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1158145/full</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;troduction: Implementation models, frameworks and theories (hereafter tools) provide researchers and clinicians with an approach to understand the processes and mechanisms for the successful implementation of healthcare innovations. Previous research in mental health settings has revealed, that the implementation of coercion reduction programs presents a number of challenges. However, there is a lack of systematized knowledge of whether the advantages of implementation science have been utilized in this field of research. This systematic review aims to gain a better understanding of which tools have been used by studies when implementing programs aiming to reduce formal coercion in mental health settings, and what implementation outcomes they have reported. Methods: A systematic search was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science. A manual search was used to supplement database searches. Quality appraisal of included studies was undertaken using MMAT&amp;mdash;Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. A descriptive and narrative synthesis was formed based on extracted data. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed in this review. Results: We identified 5,295 references after duplicates were removed. Four additional references were found with a manual search. In total eight studies reported in nine papers were included in the review. Coercion reduction programs that were implemented included those that were holistic, and/or used professional judgement, staff training and sensory modulation interventions. Eight different implementation tools were identified from the included studies. None of them reported all eight implementation outcomes sought from the papers. The most frequently reported outcomes were acceptability (4/8 studies) and adaptation (3/8). With regards to implementation costs, no data were provided by any of the studies. The quality of the studies was assessed to be overall quite low. Discussion: Systematic implementation tools are seldom used when efforts are being made to embed interventions to reduce coercive measures in routine mental health care. More high-quality studies are needed in the research area that also involves perspectives of service users and carers. In addition, based on our review, it is unclear what the costs and resources are needed to implement complex interventions with the guidance of an implementation tool. Systematic review registration: [Prospero], identifier [CRD42021284959].&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Systematic Review</style></work-type></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>32</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maria Løvsletten</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Management of patients with outpatient commitment in the mental health services</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Det medisinske fakultet, UiO</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psykisk helsevern</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Samtykke</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TUD</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://bibsys-almaprimo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=BIBSYS_ILS71646654240002201&amp;context=L&amp;vid=UIO&amp;lang=no_NO&amp;search_scope=default_scope&amp;adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&amp;tab=default_tab&amp;query=any,contains,Management%20of%20pati</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UiO</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oslo</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Philosophiae Doctor (PhD)</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">113</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-82-348-0011-5</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Background&lt;br /&gt;This PhD project has examined how outpatient commitment (OC) decisions work. In Norway,&lt;br /&gt;the Mental Health Act provides the opportunity to use coercion in the treatment of people&lt;br /&gt;with mental disorder. Patients with OC decisions live in their own homes in the municipality,&lt;br /&gt;at the same time as they have a compulsory decision adopted by the specialist health service.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Aim&lt;br /&gt;The main issue for this PhD project has been to explore how the OC scheme works from a&lt;br /&gt;mental health service perspective. The PhD project has mapped the patient group receiving&lt;br /&gt;OC decisions. In addition, it has investigated how health personnel in mental health services&lt;br /&gt;experience follow-up and interaction with patients and across service levels.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Design and methods&lt;br /&gt;This PhD project consists of three sub-studies with different issues and different research&lt;br /&gt;designs using both quantitative and qualitative methods. These three sub-studies have resulted&lt;br /&gt;in three published papers.&lt;br /&gt;Sub-study 1 collected data from electronic patient records including all patients in two&lt;br /&gt;counties in Norway. The statistical methods used in this study were descriptive analysis, with&lt;br /&gt;frequency analysis and cross-tabulation analysis. The study mapped the patient group of 139&lt;br /&gt;patients who had received an OC decision from 2008 to 2012.&lt;br /&gt;Sub-study 2 collected data using an electronic questionnaire sent to healthcare personnel in&lt;br /&gt;the mental health services, who have experience with psychosis and OC decisions in two&lt;br /&gt;counties in Norway. There were 230 people who received the questionnaire and 84 of them&lt;br /&gt;answered the form. The groups were compared using cross-analysis, correlation analysis&lt;br /&gt;(Pearson&amp;rsquo;s r) and non-parametric Wilcoxon&amp;rsquo;s test (P &amp;le;0.05). The sample consisted of various&lt;br /&gt;health personnel from both small and large municipalities, and examined which tasks they had&lt;br /&gt;in follow-up of patients and how they collaborated with the specialist health services.&lt;br /&gt;Sub-study 3 This was a qualitative study collecting data through focus group interviews with&lt;br /&gt;health personnel from the municipal health service and specialist health services. The study&lt;br /&gt;explored their experiences with collaboration between municipalities and specialist health&lt;br /&gt;care services, for patients with an OC decision. The analysis followed the steps in qualitative&lt;br /&gt;content analysis inspired by Graneheim and Lundman.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Results&lt;br /&gt;The first sub-study revealed that the patient group receiving the OC decisions constituted a&lt;br /&gt;small group of patients in mental health care who had psychotic disorders, with the majority&lt;br /&gt;having a schizophrenia disorder. Most patients had received treatment in mental health care&lt;br /&gt;for 10 years before they received their first OC decision. They received parallel mental health&lt;br /&gt;services from both specialist health services and their own home municipality. Many patients&lt;br /&gt;lacked information about an individual plan (IP) and a contact person in the medical record.&lt;br /&gt;The second sub-study found that the health personnel gave the same follow-up to all patients&lt;br /&gt;with psychosis and OC decisions. However, patients who had OC decisions received fewer&lt;br /&gt;conversations about their medication. Many among the health personnel lacked up-to-date&lt;br /&gt;knowledge of the changes in the Mental Health Act in 2017. In addition, the study disclosed&lt;br /&gt;that the health personnel had varied experience of cooperation with the specialist health&lt;br /&gt;services.&lt;br /&gt;The third sub-study explored the health personnel experiences with follow-up of patients with&lt;br /&gt;OC decisions in municipal housing associations and district psychiatric centres (DPCs). The&lt;br /&gt;study disclosed that the health personnel related that they followed up patients with OC&lt;br /&gt;decisions in a different way to other patients, and felt more responsibility towards them. Thus,&lt;br /&gt;the altered rules for consent competence have made the work with OC decisions more&lt;br /&gt;demanding.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Conclusion&lt;br /&gt;All the sub-studies revealed a lack of interaction between the service levels. The&lt;br /&gt;responsibility for coordinating the follow-up of the patients with OC decisions on a daily&lt;br /&gt;basis appears to be unclear across service levels. The contact person&amp;#39;s role and IP have not&lt;br /&gt;functioned as a collaboration tool in accordance with the intention of the Mental Health Act&lt;br /&gt;and the Patient Rights Act. When an IP is lacking, there is a lack of an absence of clear user&lt;br /&gt;participation and of a rehabilitation perspective for the patients with OC decisions. The new&lt;br /&gt;legislation in the Mental Health Act in 2017, with a requirement for consent assessment&lt;br /&gt;before an OC decision, has changed the practice and the basis for making an OC decision.&lt;br /&gt;Therefore, if an OC decision can contribute to an improved process and function as intended&lt;br /&gt;in the law, the decisions must contain more than the control of the decision. These findings&lt;br /&gt;show that the laws are not currently applied, which is ethically worrying.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sammendrag&lt;br /&gt;Bakgrunn&lt;br /&gt;Dette PhD prosjektet har utforsket hvordan ordningen med tvang uten døgnopphold (TUD)&lt;br /&gt;fungerer i Norge. I Norge gir Psykisk helsevernloven muligheten til å bruke tvang ved&lt;br /&gt;oppfølgingen av pasienter med psykisk lidelser som bor i sitt eget hjem i kommunen, samtidig&lt;br /&gt;som de har tvangsvedtak fra spesialisthelsetjenesten.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Formål&lt;br /&gt;Målet for dette PhD prosjektet har vært å utforske hvordan TUD ordningen fungerer ut i fra et&lt;br /&gt;psykisk helsetjenesteperspektiv. PhD prosjektet har kartlagt pasientgruppen med TUD vedtak,&lt;br /&gt;og undersøkt hvilken oppfølging pasientene får og hvordan samarbeidet mellom kommuner&lt;br /&gt;og spesialisthelsetjenesten fungerer.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Design og metoder&lt;br /&gt;Dette PhD-prosjektet består av tre delstudier med forskjellige problemstillinger og forskjellige&lt;br /&gt;forskningsdesign og har benyttet både kvantitativ og kvalitativ metode. De tre delstudiene har&lt;br /&gt;resultert i tre publiserte artikler.&lt;br /&gt;Delstudie 1 inkluderte 139 pasienter fra to fylker i Norge med TUD vedtak. Data ble samlet&lt;br /&gt;inn fra elektroniske pasientjournaler og inkluderte alle pasienter med TUD vedtak fra 2008&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;t.o.m. 2012. Studien hadde et deskriptivt design og det ble benyttet frekvensanalyse og kryss-&lt;br /&gt;tabellanalyse.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Delstudie 2 samlet inn data ved hjelp av et elektronisk spørreskjema sendt til helsepersonell i&lt;br /&gt;kommunale psykiske helsetjeneste i to fylker i Norge, som hadde erfaring med pasienter med&lt;br /&gt;psykose og TUD vedtak. Det var 230 personer som mottok spørreskjemaet, og 84 personer&lt;br /&gt;besvarte skjemaet. Gruppene ble sammenlignet ved bruk av kryssanalyse, korrelasjonsanalyse&lt;br /&gt;(Pearson&amp;rsquo;s r) og ikke-parametrisk Wilcoxon&amp;rsquo;s test (P &amp;le;0.05). Utvalget besto av helsepersonell&lt;br /&gt;fra både små og store kommuner, og det ble undersøkt hvordan de fulgte opp pasientene i&lt;br /&gt;kommunene og hvordan de samarbeidet med spesialisthelsetjenesten.&lt;br /&gt;Delstudie 3 er en kvalitativ studie som samlet inn data gjennom fokusgruppeintervjuer med&lt;br /&gt;helsepersonell fra kommunale bofelleskap og spesialisthelsetjenesten. Studien utforsket deres&lt;br /&gt;erfaringer med samarbeid mellom kommuner og spesialisthelsetjeneste for pasienter med&lt;br /&gt;TUD vedtak. Analysen fulgte trinnene til kvalitativ innholdsanalyse etter Graneheim og&lt;br /&gt;Lundman.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Resultater&lt;br /&gt;Den første delstudien viste at pasientgruppen som har TUD vedtak, utgjør en liten&lt;br /&gt;pasientgruppe i psykisk helsevern med psykose lidelser, hvor de fleste hadde en&lt;br /&gt;schizofrenilidelse. De fleste pasientene hadde hatt oppfølging for sine psykiske&lt;br /&gt;helseproblemer i 10 år før de fikk sitt første TUD vedtak. Pasientene mottok parallelle&lt;br /&gt;psykiske helsetjenester fra både spesialisthelsetjenesten og sin egen hjemkommune. Mange&lt;br /&gt;pasienter manglet informasjon om individuell plan (IP) og hvem fra spesialisthelsetjenesten&lt;br /&gt;som var kontaktperson i pasientjournalen.&lt;br /&gt;Den andre delstudien viste at helsepersonell gir samme oppfølging til alle pasienter med&lt;br /&gt;psykotiske lidelser uansett om de hadde et TUD vedtak eller ikke. Men, pasienter med TUD&lt;br /&gt;vedtak fikk færre samtaler om medisiner. Mange blant helsepersonellet manglet oppdatert&lt;br /&gt;kunnskap om endringene i Psykisk helsevernloven fra 2017. Helsepersonellet i kommunene&lt;br /&gt;erfarte utfordringer knyttet til samarbeid mellom helsepersonell på ulike tjenestenivåer. IP ble&lt;br /&gt;sjelden brukt og fungerte bare i varierende grad som et samhandlingsverktøy.&lt;br /&gt;Den tredje delstudien har undersøkt helsepersonells erfaringer med oppfølging av pasienter&lt;br /&gt;med TUD vedtak i kommunale borettslag og distrikt psykiatriske senter (DPS). De svarte at&lt;br /&gt;de fulgte opp pasienter med TUD vedtak på en annen måte enn andre pasienter, og følte mer&lt;br /&gt;ansvar overfor dem. Lovendringen i Psykisk helsevernloven fra 2017, med krav om&lt;br /&gt;samtykkevurdering før TUD vedtak, har gjort arbeidet med TUD vedtak mer krevende.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Konklusjon&lt;br /&gt;Alle delstudiene viste manglende samhandling mellom tjenestenivåene. Informasjon om&lt;br /&gt;kontaktpersonen i spesialisthelsetjenesten manglet for mange pasienter. Ansvaret for&lt;br /&gt;koordinering av oppfølgingen av pasientene med TUD vedtak mellom tjenestenivåer ser ut til&lt;br /&gt;å være uklar, og IP fungerer ikke som et samarbeidsverktøy i samsvar med intensjonen i&lt;br /&gt;Psykisk helsevernloven og Pasientrettighetsloven. Når en IP mangler, mangler et tydelig&lt;br /&gt;brukermedvirkning og rehabiliteringsperspektiv for pasienter med TUD vedtak.&lt;br /&gt;Den nye lovendringen i Psykisk helsevernloven fra 2017, med krav om samtykkevurdering&lt;br /&gt;har endret praksis og grunnlag for å gjøre TUD vedtak.&lt;br /&gt;Hvis TUD vedtak skal bidra til bedring som loven tilsier, må TUD vedtaket inneholde mer&lt;br /&gt;enn å kontrollere vedtakene. Dette PhD prosjektet viser at noen av lovbestemmelsene ikke&lt;br /&gt;brukes, noe som er etisk bekymringsfullt.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Doctor Thesis</style></work-type></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Torleif Ruud</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Espen Woldsengen Haugom</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Harold Alan Pincus</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Torfinn Hynnekleiv</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Measuring Seclusion in Psychiatric Intensive Care: Development and Measurement Properties of the Clinical Seclusion Checklist</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Frontiers in Psychiatry</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">checklist</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Måling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">measurement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seclusion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sjekkliste</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Skjerming</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.768500/full</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;Acute psychiatric units in general hospitals must ensure that acutely disturbed patients do not harm themselves or others, and simultaneously provide care and treatment and help patients regain control of their behavior. This led to the development of strategies for the seclusion of a patient in this state within a particular area separated from other patients in the ward. While versions of this practice have been used in different countries and settings, a systematic framework for describing the various parameters and types of seclusion interventions has not been available. The aims of the project were to develop and test a valid and reliable checklist for characterizing seclusion in inpatient psychiatric care.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;Development and testing of the checklist were accomplished in five stages. Staff in psychiatric units completed detailed descriptions of seclusion episodes. Elements of seclusion were identified by thematic analysis of this material, and consensus regarding these elements was achieved through a Delphi process comprising two rounds. Good content validity was ensured through the sample of seclusion episodes and the representative participants in the Delphi process. The first draft of the checklist was revised based on testing by clinicians assessing seclusion episodes. The revised checklist with six reasons for and 10 elements of seclusion was tested with different response scales, and acceptable interrater reliability was achieved.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;The Clinical Seclusion Checklist is a brief and feasible tool measuring six reasons for seclusion, 10 elements of seclusion, and four contextual factors. It was developed through a transparent process and exhibited good content validity and acceptable interrater reliability.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;The checklist is a step toward achieving valid and clinically relevant measurements of seclusion. Its use in psychiatric units may contribute to quality assurance, more reliable statistics and comparisons across sites and periods, improved research on patients&amp;#39; experiences of seclusion and its effects, reduction of negative consequences of seclusion, and improvement of psychiatric intensive care.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvangsmidler</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hofstad, Tore</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rugkåsa, Jorun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ose, Solveig O.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nyttingnes, Olav</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Husum, Tonje L.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Measuring the level of compulsory hospitalisation in mental health care: The performance of different measures across areas and over time</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Int J Methods Psychiatr Res</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">compulsory hospitalisation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">geografisk variasjon</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">geographic variation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">measurement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">small area analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">05/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/mpr.1881</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;section id=&quot;mpr1881-sec-0001&quot;&gt;&lt;h3 id=&quot;mpr1881-sec-0001-title&quot;&gt;Objective&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;A variety of measures are used for reporting levels of compulsory psychiatric hospitalisation. This complicates comparisons between studies and makes it hard to establish the extent of geographic variation. We aimed to investigate how measures based on events, individuals and duration portray geographical variation differently and perform over time, how they correlate and how well they predict future ranked levels of compulsory hospitalisation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/section&gt;&lt;section id=&quot;mpr1881-sec-0002&quot;&gt;&lt;h3 id=&quot;mpr1881-sec-0002-title&quot;&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Small-area analysis, correlation analysis and linear regressions of data from a Norwegian health registry containing whole population data from 2014 to 2018.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/section&gt;&lt;section id=&quot;mpr1881-sec-0003&quot;&gt;&lt;h3 id=&quot;mpr1881-sec-0003-title&quot;&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;The average compulsory hospitalisation rate per 100,000 inhabitant was 5.6 times higher in the highest area, compared to the lowest, while the difference for the compulsory inpatient rate was 3.2. Population rates based on inpatients correlate strongly with rates of compulsory hospitalisations (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;=&amp;nbsp;0.88) and duration (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;=&amp;nbsp;0.78). 68%&amp;ndash;81% of ranked compulsory hospitalisation rates could be explained by each area&amp;#39;s rank the previous year.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/section&gt;&lt;section id=&quot;mpr1881-sec-0004&quot;&gt;&lt;h3 id=&quot;mpr1881-sec-0004-title&quot;&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;There are stable differences in service delivery between catchment areas in Norway. In future research, multiple measures of the level of compulsory hospitalisation should ideally be included when investigating geographical variation. It is important that researchers describe accurately the measure upon which their results are based.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/section&gt;</style></abstract><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bakke, Lars Håvard</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mer av det som ikke virker. Om målet om å redusere bruken av tvungent psykisk helsevern, med særlig vekt på vilkåret om manglende samtykkekompetanse</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reduksjon</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Samtykkekompetanse</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvungent psykisk helsevern</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">§3-3</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">07/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/86590/1/202.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UiO, Det juridiske fakultet</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oslo</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Det har lenge vært et politisk mål å redusere bruken av tvungent psykisk helsevern i Norge. I 2017 ble vilkåret om manglende samtykkekompetanse innført i psykisk helsevernloven &amp;sect; 3-3 nr. 4. Et av formålene med lovendringen var å få ned bruken av tvang. I oppgaven ser jeg nærmere på bruken av tvang, både i et historisk perspektiv, i lys av menneskerettighetene og i lys av psykisk helsevernloven &amp;sect; 3-3 og pasient- og brukerrettighetsloven &amp;sect; 4-3. Det blir analysert to relevante høyesterettsdommer, hvorav den ene benytter seg av og legger stor vekt på et rundskriv fra Helsedirektoratet. I den rettspolitiske diskusjonen tar jeg opp utfordringene med lovendringen og utfordringene med å oppnå målet med redusert bruk av tvungent psykisk helsevern ved hjelp av en lovendring. (Spoiler alert: Bruken av tvang har ikke blitt vesentlig redusert etter lovendringen). En delkonklusjon er at følgen av innføringen den nye bestemmelsen etablerer en terskel for å inneha samtykkekompetanse, som samtidig blir terskelen for å utelukke tvang. Dette kan ha uheldige konsekvenser for pasienter. Et annet funn er at avstanden mellom terskelen for å ha samtykkekompetanse og terskelen for å kunne anvende tvungent psykisk helsevern skaper et tolkningsrom som Høyesteretts bruk av et rundskriv fra Helsedirektoratet fyller, på tross av åpenbare svakheter ved rundskrivet. Konklusjonen i oppgaven er at målet om å redusere bruken av tvungent psykisk helsevern i Norge ikke oppnås gjennom en lovendring alene, men at det krever langt mer sammensatte vurderinger enn bare å endre loven.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Master thesis</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">etikk</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hamre, A</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Manglende samtykkekompetanse som vilkår for tvungent psykisk helsevern–en kvalitativ studie av helsepersonell sine erfaringer et år etter implementering i lov</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">erfaringer</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">helsepersonell</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lovendring 2017</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Samtykkekompetanse</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">01/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2635655</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Høgskolen i Innlandet</style></publisher><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Bakgrunn:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Den 1. september 2017 kom det endringer i psykisk helsevernloven. Den kanskje mest sentrale endringen var at fravær av samtykkekompetanse ble et vilkår for å kunne vedta tvungent psykisk helsevern. Lovens intensjon var økt selvbestemmelse og rettsikkerhet for pasienten.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hensikt:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Denne masteroppgaven i psykisk helsearbeid har til hensikt å få mer kunnskap om helsepersonell sine erfaringer med lovendringen. Problemstillingen er: &amp;laquo;Hvilken erfaring har spesialisthelsetjenesten med at manglende samtykkekompetanse er blitt et vilkår for tvungent psykisk helsevern?&amp;raquo;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Metode:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Det er brukt kvalitativ forskningsmetode, og det er gjort semistrukturerte intervjuer av helsepersonell. De syv deltagerne i studien er leger og sykepleiere ved Lovisenberg Diakonale Sykehus og Sykehuset Østfold. Systematisk tekstkondensering er benyttet for å analysere intervjuene.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Resultater:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Fem resultatkategorier ble identifisert:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;bull; Vurderinger av samtykkekompetanse kan være komplekse og arbeidskrevende&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;bull; Hensyn til liv og helse opp mot selvbestemmelse og rettsikkerhet skaper etiske dilemmaer&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;bull; De fleste av studiens deltagere er skeptiske til lovendringen&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;bull; Man ser sykere pasienter og fortvilte pårørende&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;bull; Det stilles spørsmål ved om samfunnet aksepterer større risiko for vold&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Konklusjon:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Økt selvbestemmelse og rettsikkerhet var lovendringens intensjon. Det er usikkert om lovendringen har ført til mindre tvang, men pasientens rettsikkerhet antas å ha økt. Vurderinger av samtykkekompetanse kan være komplekse og arbeidskrevende. Med manglende samtykkekompetanse som vilkår for tvungent psykisk helsevern oppstår etiske dilemmaer. Dette er erfaringskunnskap fra klinisk arbeid, og materialet viser at kunnskap om lovverk og etisk bevissthet er viktig for alle yrkesutøvere i psykisk helsearbeid. Uansett hva loven sier om bruk av tvang, vil det alltid være nødvendig for helsepersonell å reflektere etisk rundt dette.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Abstract&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Background:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;On September 1, 2017, there were changes to the Norwegian Mental Health Care Act. Perhaps the most central change was that the absence of decision-making capacity became a condition for enabling compulsory mental health care. The intention of the law amendment was increased self-determination and security under the law for the patient.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Purpose:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The study intends to gain more knowledge about health professionals&amp;#39; experiences with this legal amendment. The research question is: &amp;quot;What experience does the specialist health service have with the fact that lack of decision-making capacity has become a condition for compulsory mental health care?&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Method:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Qualitative research method is used. Semi structured interviews have been done with health professionals. The seven participants in the study are doctors and nurses at Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital and Østfold Hospital. Systematic text condensation has been used to analyze the interviews.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Results:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Five categories of results were identified:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;bull; Complex and labor-intensive assessments of decision-making capacity&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;bull; Ethical dilemmas arise in consideration of life and health against self-determination&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;bull; Most of the participants are skeptical of the law change&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;bull; Sicker patients and despairing relatives&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;bull; Questions are being asked about whether Society accepts greater risk of violence&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Increased self-determination and security under the law were the intention of the law amendment. It is uncertain whether the change in law has led to less coercion, but the patient&amp;#39;s security under the law is believed to have increased. Assessments of decision-making capacity can be complex and labor-intensive. Ethical dilemmas arise with the lack of decision-making capacity as a condition for compulsory mental health care. This is experiential knowledge from clinical work, and the material shows that knowledge about legislation and ethical awareness is important for all practitioners in mental health work. Whatever the law says about the use of coercion, it will always be necessary for health professionals to reflect ethically on this.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Master Thesis</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">etikk</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fjukstad, KK</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Medbestemmelse ved alvorlig psykisk sykdom</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Michaeljournal.no</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Medbestemmelse</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psykisk helsevernloven</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Samtykkekompetanse</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.michaeljournal.no/asset/pdf/1000/supplements/michaelsupplement-24/111-126.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">111-125</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Bruk av tvang ved behandling av psykiske lidelser skaper stadig samfunnsdebatt. Diskusjonen er igjen aktuell etter at tvangslovutvalget la fram sitt lovforslag i 2019. Synet på bruk av tvang varierer blant pasienter, pårørende og helsepersonell. Det er krevende å orientere seg på dette feltet hvor etikk, jus og medisin går hånd i hånd. Jeg gir i denne artikkelen en oversikt over bruk av tvang etter &amp;sect; 3 i psykisk helsevernloven og hvordan dette oppleves for dem som står i dette til daglig.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oversiktsartikkel</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">111</style></section><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">etikk</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stine Eikenes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ingvild Onsrud Mjøen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mitt liv, mitt valg: En kvalitativ studie om pasienters erfaringer med brukerstyrte sengeplasser</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brukerstyrt plass</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">recovery</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reduksjon av tvang</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">schizofreni</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://bora.uib.no/bora-xmlui/bitstream/handle/1956/22479/PROPSY-317--hovedoppgave--Mitt-liv--mitt-valg--Eikenes---Mj-en-.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UiB, psykologisk fakultet</style></publisher><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Brukerstyrte plasser ble etablert som et forsøk på å hindre bruk av tvang og makt, samt øke grad av effektivisering og brukermedvirkning i psykisk helsevern for voksne. Allerede før det finnes nok forskningsgrunnlag for å si noe om betydning av disse plassene, kuttes det allikevel i disse sengeplassene. Formålet med denne studien har vært å få større kunnskap om hva som oppleves som viktig i en recoveryprosess hos pasienter med psykose- og schizofrenilidelser. Vi ønsket også å undersøke hvilken betydning brukerstyrte plasser har i denne prosessen, samt gi kunnskap om hvilke tilbud som oppleves som meningsfulle og nyttige for pasientene i etterkant av en lengre innleggelse. Ved bruk av en kvalitativ tilnærming innenfor et hermeneutisk-fenomenologisk rammeverk, har vi utført 9 semistrukturerte intervjuer med pasienter med psykose- og schizofrenilidelser som har erfaring med bruk av disse plassene. Datamaterialet ble analysert ved bruk av refleksiv tematisk analysemetode. Gjennom den tematiske analysen utviklet vi hovedtemaet &amp;laquo;Hjemmelivets tosidighet&amp;raquo; og de tre grupperingene &amp;laquo;Ikke begrens meg&amp;raquo;, &amp;laquo;Et hjelpemiddel for mestring&amp;raquo; og &amp;laquo;Det jeg trenger for å holde meg frisk&amp;raquo; for å oppsummere deltakernes erfaringer med brukerstyrte plasser. Resultatene blir drøftet i lys av eksisterende teori og forskning. Til sist blir implikasjoner, betydningen av våre forforståelser og metodiske begrensninger ved studien diskutert.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The opportunity for patients to self-refer to inpatient treatment was established as an attempt to prevent the use of coercion, as well as to increase the degree of efficiency and user involvement in mental health care. But even before there is enough research to generalize the findings, several of the self-referral options have been removed from the mental health care system in Norway. The purpose of this study has been to gain greater knowledge of what is perceived as important in a recovery process for patients with psychosis and schizophrenia. We wanted to investigate the importance of self-referral in this process, and provide knowledge about which services that are perceived as meaningful and useful to patients after a longer hospitalization. Using a qualitative approach within a hermeneutic-phenomenological framework, we conducted 9 semi-structured interviews with patients with psychosis and schizophrenia who have experience in using self-referrals to inpatient treatment. The data was analyzed using a reflexive thematic analysis method. Through the thematic analysis, we developed the main theme &amp;quot;Home life&amp;#39;s ambiguity&amp;quot; and the three groups &amp;quot;Do not limit me&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;A tool for coping&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;What I need to stay healthy&amp;quot; to summarize the participants&amp;#39; experiences with self-referral to inpatient treatment. The results are discussed in light of existing theory and research. Finally, implications, how our personal experiences may have affected and methodological limitations of this study are discussed.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mastergradsoppgave</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">erfaringsbaserte</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anna Vattekar Sandvoll</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Manglende samtykkekompetanse som vilkår for tvang i psykisk helsevern</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">juss</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Samtykkekompetanse</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">07/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://hdl.handle.net/1956/20761</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Universitetet i Bergen, Det juridiske fakultet</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bergen</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Avhandlinga tek føre seg nytt vilkår i psykisk helsevernlova &amp;sect;&amp;sect; 3-2, 3-3 og 4-4 som slår fast at pasienten må &amp;laquo;mange samtykkekompetanse&amp;raquo; for å underleggjast tvang. Vilkåret medfører ein nektingsrett for pasientar med samtykkekompetansen intakt. Spørsmålet om samtykkekompetanse skal ifølgje føresegnene avgjerast etter reglane i pasient- og brukarrettslova &amp;sect; 4-3. Føresegna er ikkje skreddarsydd for det psykiske helsevernet. Eit sentralt spørsmål i avhandlinga er difor korleis denne føresegna skal knyttast opp mot tvangsheimlane i psykisk helsevernlova. Avhandlinga drøftar også korleis tvangsheimlane i psykisk helsevernlova står seg ovanfor FN-konvensjonen om rettane til menneske med nedsett funksjonsevne (CRPD).&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsbehandling, Tvangsinnleggelse, Tvangsmidler</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mevåg, Ida Blokhus-Harr</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Menneskerettsvern og rettssikkerhet i tvangspsykiatri. Har implementeringen av FN-konvensjonen for rettighetene til mennesker med nedsatt funksjonsevne har fått noen konsekvens for hvordan vi bruker tvang i psykisk helsevern?</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CRPD</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FN</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Menneskerettigheter</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nedsatt funksjonsevne</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rettssikkerhet</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvang</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">08/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/62672/1/Ida-Master-Final.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UiO, Det juridiske fakultet</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oslo</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Sammendrag finnes ikke&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Master thesis</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">etikk</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pasareanu, Adrian R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vederhus, John-Kåre</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anne Opsal</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kristensen, Øistein</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Clausen, Thomas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mental distress following inpatient substance use treatment, modified by substance use; comparing voluntary and compulsory admissions</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BMC Health Services Research 2017</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12913-016-1936-y</style></url></web-urls></urls><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3.01.2017</style></edition><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17:5</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Helene Sørland</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mani som fenomen og grensesetting som metode: En systematisk litteraturstudie</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bipolar</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">grensesetting</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mani</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">miljøterapi</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Skjerming</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sykepleie</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://ntnuopen.ntnu.no/ntnu-xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/2415890/S%c3%b8rland%2c%20H.%202016.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NTNU, Institutt for helsevitenskap</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ålesund</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Hensikt: Belyse hvordan sykepleier kan utøve grensesetting på en terapeutisk måte. Grensesettingen er rettet mot maniske pasienters nedsatte impulskontroll og destruktive atferd. Metode: Oppgaven er basert på en systematisk litteraturstudie. Det er utført søk i nasjonale og internasjonale databaser for perioden 2005 til 2016. Innholdsanalyse ble utført med bakgrunn i ti inkluderte studier - åtte kvalitative- og to review studier. Resultat: Fire hovedkategorier ble identifisert: 1) Etablere en relasjon, 2) Utøve grensesetting, 3) Skjerming, 4) Å arbeide i team. Å etablere en terapeutisk allianse basert på tillit, tilstedeværelse og respekt omtales som en forutsetning for å lykkes med grensesetting. Tilnærmingen basert på anerkjennelse omtales som hensiktsmessig, men viser seg å kombineres med en mer korrigerende tilnærming. Skjerming og bruk av tvang utgjør et spenningsforhold mellom behandling og kontroll med stort behov for etisk refleksjon. Støtte, tillit og god kommunikasjon mellom kollegaer er viktig for å håndtere krevende situasjoner som aggressiv atferd og bruk av tvang. Konklusjon: Skal sykepleier kunne ivareta pasientens integritet i situasjonen, handler det i stor grad om å korrigere atferden på en anerkjennende måte. Essensielt er å etablere en terapeutisk allianse basert på samarbeid, ikke minst å fremtre rolig, konsistent og respektfullt. En aktiv og bevisst refleksjonsprosess omkring personalets tilnærmingsmetoder er nødvendig for å forstå pasientens atferd, konsekvenser av praksis samt for å kunne vurdere forbedringspotensial og alternative tilnærmingsmetoder.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Purpose: To illuminate how a nurse can exert limit setting in a therapeutic way. The limit setting is directed toward manic patient&amp;#39;s reduced impulse control and destructive behaviour. Method: This thesis is based on a systematic study of literature. Searches has been performed in national and international databases for the period between 2006 and 2016. Content analysis was performed based on ten included studies - eight qualitative and two review studies. Result: Four major categories were identified: 1) Establishing a relationship, 2) Exerting limit setting, 3) &amp;quot;Open-area seclusion&amp;quot; 4) Teamwork. Establishing a therapeutic alliance based on trust, presence and respect is referred to as a prerequisite for successful limit setting. An approach based on recognition is referred to as appropriate, but tends to be combined with a corrective approach. &amp;quot;Open-area seclusion&amp;quot; and use of force constitute a tension between treatment and control and demand a large degree of ethical reflection. Support, trust and good communication between colleagues is essential when dealing with difficult situations such as aggressive behaviour and use of force. Conclusion: For a nurse to be able to safeguard a patient&amp;#39;s integrity in a situation it is important to correct unwanted behaviour in an appreciative manner. It is essential to establish a therapeutic alliance based on cooperation and above all to appear calm, consistent and respectful. An active and conscious process of reflection on the staff&amp;#39;s approaches are essential to understand the patient&amp;#39;s behaviour, consequences of practice as well as assessing the potential for improvement and alternative approaches.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bacheloroppgave</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvangsmidler</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Helle Therese Stangstuen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Min stemme ble ikke hørt. 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