<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>36</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brodie Paterson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">James Taylor</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Michael Bell</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ian McIntosh</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Christopher Stirling</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reframing human rights-based approaches to the misuse of restraint. A binary approach is needed</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN HEALTHCARE</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dignity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">06/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Viewpoint</style></work-type></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hirsch, Sophie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baumgardt, Johanna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bechdolf, Andreas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Buhling-Schindowski, Felix</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cole, Celline</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flammer, Erich</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mahler, Lieselotte</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muche, Rainer</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sauter, Dorothea</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vandamme, Angelika</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Steinert, Tilman</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Implementation of guidelines on prevention of coercion and violence: baseline data of the randomized controlled PreVCo study</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Frontiers in Psychiatry</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coercion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">evidence based care</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">guidelines</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">implementation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mental heath</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psychiatry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Restraint</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seclusion</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The PreVCo study examines whether a structured, operationalized implementation of guidelines to prevent coercion actually leads to fewer coercive measures on psychiatric wards. It is known from the literature that rates of coercive measures differ greatly between hospitals within a country. Studies on that topic also showed large Hawthorne effects. Therefore, it is important to collect valid baseline data for the comparison of similar wards and controlling for observer effects.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hirsch, Sophie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baumgardt, Johanna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bechdolf, Andreas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Buhling-Schindowski, Felix</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cole, Celline</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flammer, Erich</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mahler, Lieselotte</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muche, Rainer</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sauter, Dorothea</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vandamme, Angelika</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Steinert, Tilman</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Implementation of guidelines on prevention of coercion and violence: baseline data of the randomized controlled PreVCo study</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Frontiers in Psychiatry</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coercion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">evidence based care</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">guidelines</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">implementation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mental heath</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psychiatry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Restraint</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seclusion</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The PreVCo study examines whether a structured, operationalized implementation of guidelines to prevent coercion actually leads to fewer coercive measures on psychiatric wards. It is known from the literature that rates of coercive measures differ greatly between hospitals within a country. Studies on that topic also showed large Hawthorne effects. Therefore, it is important to collect valid baseline data for the comparison of similar wards and controlling for observer effects.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lickiewicz, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Piotrowicz, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Makara-Studzińska, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Colin R.Martin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Victor R. Preedy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vinood B. Patel</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Handbook of Anger, Aggression, and Violence</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-030-98711-4_65-1#chapter-info</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Springer Cham</style></publisher><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2480</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-3-030-98711-4</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;ul data-component=&quot;data-book-show-more&quot; data-test=&quot;unique-selling-points&quot; id=&quot;unique-selling-points&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;A detailed overview of the emotional, physical, and social implications of anger, aggression, and violence&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Covers a range of aggressive behaviors&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Includes Translational aspects: Applications of the material, Key Facts, Summary Points and Case studies&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>27</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jardim, PSJ</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Borge, TC</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dahm, KT</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Müller, AE</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hval, G</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effekt av antipsykotika ved behandling uten pasientens samtykke sammenlignet med frivillig behandling</style></title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The effect of involuntary treatment with antipsychotic medication: a systematic review </style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antipsychotic Agents</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antipsykotika</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effekt</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">involuntary treatment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsbehandling</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">04/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.fhi.no/globalassets/dokumenterfiler/rapporter/2021/effekt-av-antipsykotika-ved-behandling-uten-pasientens-samtykke-sammenlignet-med-frivillig-behandling-v2-rapport-2021.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Folkehelseinstituttet - FHI</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oslo</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-37</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-82-8406-184-9</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Innledning
Kunnskapsgrunnlaget for legemidler med antipsykotisk effekt er i hovedsak basert på
studier hvor pasientene mottar disse legemidlene frivillig. I praksis forekommer også
bruk av antipsykotika i behandling uten pasientens samtykke (tvangsbehandling). Det
er et mangelfullt kunnskapsgrunnlag for hvorvidt antipsykotika gitt som tvangsbehandling har den samme effekten som når legemidlene tas frivillig.
Formålet med denne systematiske oversikten er å oppsummere forskning om effekt av
antipsykotika ved behandling uten pasientens samtykke (tvangsbehandling) sammenlignet med frivillig behandling med antipsykotika hos personer over 16 år med psykoselidelser.

Metode
Vi har utarbeidet en systematisk oversikt ved hjelp av framgangsmåter som beskrevet i
Folkehelseinstituttets metodebok for oppsummert forskning og i en fagfellevurdert
prosjektplan. For å identifisere relevante studier søkte en bibliotekar i åtte internasjonale litteraturdatabaser, slik som MEDLINE, EMBASE og PsycINFO, i desember 2020. Vi
søkte også i Google, skandinaviske bibliotekkataloger og gjennomgikk referanselistene
til studier lest i fulltekst. Vi identifiserte ingen studier publisert etter 2010 som møtte
våre inklusjonskriterier, men én studie publisert før 2010 som var relevant når vi gjennomgikk referanselistene til studier lest i fulltekst. I februar 2021 gjennomførte vi derfor et nytt litteratursøk og inkluderte studier uten begrensninger på publikasjonsår.
Vi inkluderte kontrollerte studier (studier med en sammenligningsgruppe), som undersøkte effekten av tvangsbehandling med antipsykotika sammenlignet med frivillig behandling med antipsykotika hos personer over 16 år med psykoselidelser. Utfallene vi
ønsket å måle var: endringer i psykosesymptomer, bivirkninger (alvorlige hendelser),
reinnleggelse, livskvalitet, funksjonsendring i sosiale relasjoner eller arbeid.
To medarbeidere valgte uavhengig av hverandre ut relevante studier og vurderte deretter risiko for systematiske skjevheter i de inkluderte studiene (dette ble gjort ved
bruk av sjekkliste for kohortstudier). Videre hentet to medarbeidere ut relevant data og
oppsummerte resultatene i tekst og Tabeller. Vi beregnet effektestimater for relevante
utfall rapportert i de inkluderte studiene, der det lot seg gjøre. Vi vurderte tillit til resultatene ved hjelp av GRADE-tilnærmingen.

Resultat
De to litteratursøkene og søket etter grå litteratur resulterte i 7601 referanser. Vi inkluderte to observasjonsstudier; én retrospektiv kohortstudie fra USA med 102 deltakere
publisert i 1991 og én tysk prospektiv kohortstudie med 88 deltakere fra 2004. Settingen for begge studiene var døgnbehandling på institusjon, og studiene sammenlignet
pasienter som ble tvangsbehandlet med frivillige behandlede pasienter. Studiene målte
psykosesymptomer, reinnleggelse og fungering. I tillegg målte de andre utfall som ikke
var relevante for vår problemstilling.
De inkluderte studiene hadde begge høy risiko for systematiske skjevheter, da gruppene ikke var sammenlignbare når det gjaldt viktige bakgrunnsfaktorer (f.eks. sykdommens alvorlighetsgrad og generell behandlingsmotvilje). Studiene hadde heller ikke tatt
hensyn til mulige kjente forvekslingsfaktorer i analysene, og det var generelt mangelfull
rapportering av data. Den ene studien hadde et retrospektivt design og beskriver ikke
hvilke kriterier/verktøy som ble brukt for å måle psykosesymtomer. Den andre studien
omfattet svært få deltakere som mottok antipsykotika under tvang, stor forskjell i antall deltakere i de to gruppene og personene som målte utfallene var ikke blindet.
Tilliten til effektestimatene er for lav til at vi kan konkludere hvorvidt antipsykotika gitt
under tvang har en annen effekt enn antipsykotika gitt i frivillig behandling (Tabell 1).

Diskusjon
Basert på vårt uttømmende litteratursøk kan vi med sikkerhet si at det finnes svært lite
forskning på problemstillingen, og at det som finnes er eldre studier med høy risiko for
systematiske skjevheter grunnet mangelfull rapportering og mangel på justering for
viktige forvekslingsfaktorer. En betydelig forskningsinnsats er derfor nødvendig for å
kunne svare på problemstillingen vår. Ideelt sett skulle en slik forskningsinnsats bestå
av større, veldesignete randomiserte studier. Dette er ikke mulig da det finnes store
forskningsetiske, metodiske og medisinske utfordringer som er uforenelige med å
forske på denne problemstillingen i denne pasientgruppen.
En alternativ måte å besvare problemstillingen er å bruke registerdata. De fleste pasienter vil i løpet av sykdomsforløpet være eksponert for forskjellige behandlingsregimer, mange vil både eksponeres for tvangsbehandling og for frivillig behandling. En
måte å bruke registerdata er å sammenligne pasienters symptomer og funksjonsnivå i
perioder med frivillig eller ingen behandling med perioder under tvang. Slik sammenlignes pasientene både med seg selv og med hverandre.

Konklusjon
Det er usikkert hvorvidt effekten av tvangsbehandling med antipsykotika er forskjellig
fra effekten av frivillig behandling med antipsykotika for utfallene psykosesymptomer,
reinnleggelse, og psykososial fungering


ENGLISH SUMMARY:

Background
The evidence base for antipsychotic medication is mainly based on studies where patients receive these drugs voluntarily. In a real-life setting, the use of antipsychotics
also occurs in treatment without patient consent, i.e. involuntary treatment. We know
little about whether the effect of involuntary treatment with antipsychotics is different
compared to the effect of voluntary treatment with antipsychotics.
The purpose of this systematic review is to summarize research on the effect of antipsychotics in treatment without the patient's consent (involuntary treatment) compared with voluntary treatment with antipsychotics, in people over 16 years of age
with psychotic disorders.

Method
We conducted this systematic review according to the procedures put forward in the
Norwegian Institute of Public Health's handbook for evidence synthesis, and in a peerreviewed project plan. To identify relevant studies, a librarian searched eight international literature databases, such as MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsycINFO, in December
2020. We also searched for grey literature in Google and Scandinavian library catalogues and reviewed the reference lists of studies reviewed in full text. We did not identify any studies published after 2010 that met our inclusion criteria, however, we identified one study published before 2010 that was relevant when reviewing reference
lists. In February 2021, we therefore expanded our literature search and included studies without restrictions on publication year.
We included controlled studies (studies with a comparison group) which examined the
effect of involuntary treatment with antipsychotics compared with voluntary treatment
with antipsychotics in people over 16 years of age with psychotic disorders. We were
interested in the following outcomes: change in psychosis symptoms, side effects (serious adverse events), readmission, quality of life, functioning in social relationships or
employment.
Two researchers independently selected relevant studies and then assessed the risk of
bias in the included studies using a checklist for cohort studies. Two researchers extracted relevant data and summarized the results in text and tables. Where possible we
calculated effect estimates for relevant outcomes reported in the included studies. We
assessed our confidence in the results using the GRADE approach.

Results
The two literature searches and the search for grey literature resulted in 7601 references. We included two small observational studies; one American retrospective study
published in 1991 with 102 participants and one German prospective study published
in 2004 with 88 participants. Both studies were conducted in an inpatient hospital setting and compared involuntary treated patients with voluntary treated patients. The
studies measured psychosis symptoms, readmission and functioning, in addition to
other outcomes that wasn’t relevant for our aim.
The included studies had a high risk of bias, due to baseline imbalance (e.g. severity of
the disorder and general resistance against treatment). The studies did also fail to consider possible known confounding factors in their analyses. One study had a retrospective design and did not mention which criteria was used to measure the outcomes. The
other study had very few participants that received antipsychotics, imbalance in the
number of participants in the groups and had no blinding of outcome assessments.
We have too low confidence in the effect estimates to conclude whether the effects of
antipsychotics are different in involuntary treatment compared with voluntary treatment (Table 2)

Discussion
Based on our exhaustive literature search we can be certain that there is very little research investigating the effect of involuntary treatment with antipsychotics compared
with voluntary treatment with antipsychotics. The studies that do exist are
older and with a high using register risk of bias due to incomplete reporting and lack of
adjustment for key confounding factors. A significant research effort is therefore
needed to be able to answer our research question. Ideally, such research efforts
should consist of larger, well-designed randomized studies. This is not possible as there
are major ethical, methodological and clinical challenges that are incompatible with investigations of this research question involving this population group.
An alternative research approach that will enable to answer this type of research question could be using registry data. Most patients will be exposed to different treatment
regime during the disease and many will be exposed to both compulsory and voluntary
treatment. One way of using register data are by matching people according to important clinical variables, such that the only difference between them is exposure to
compulsory treatment. In this way patient are compared both with themselves and
with others.

Conclusion
It is uncertain whether the effect of involuntary treatment with antipsychotics is different compared with the effect of voluntary treatment with antipsychotics in terms of the
outcomes psychosis symptoms, readmission, and psychosocial functioning.</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Systematic review</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsbehandling</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gabriela Miranda</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maria Gabrielle Lind</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Omsorg under bruk av mekanisk tvang innen psykisk helsevern</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">belter</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mekaniske tvangsmidler</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">omsorg</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://hvlopen.brage.unit.no/hvlopen-xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/2761647/Lind_Miranda.pdf?sequence=2&amp;isAllowed=y</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Høgskulen på Vestlandet, bachelor i vernepleie</style></publisher><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Within mental health care, there are several coercive measures. We have chosen to focus on mechanical restraint, which can be seen as the most intrusive coercive measure patients can experience. Therefore, our issue was the following: &amp;rsquo;&amp;rsquo;How can the social worker provide the best possible care to the patient in situations where mechanical restraint is used during mental health care&amp;rsquo;&amp;rsquo;. In this task the user perspective is the main focus. As methods we searched for literature on the issue and used qualitative interviews.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Using these methods, we found many factors that affect the experience of mechanical restraint. This included communication, presence, recognition, respect, understanding and empathy from staff who were in the situation with them. We have discussed the results from our selected article: &amp;laquo;Variables Associated With the Subjective Experience of Coercive Measures in Psychiatric Inpatients: A Systematic Review&amp;raquo;. We have also used various literature books. Finally, we will provide a summary and conclusion.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bacheloroppgave</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvangsmidler</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Steinert T, Baumgardt J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bechdolf A, Bühling-Schndowski F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cole C, Flammer E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jaeger S, Junghanss J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kampmann, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mahler, L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muche, R</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Implementation of guidelines on prevention of coercion and violence (PreVCo) in psychiatry: a multicentre randomised controlled trial</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Frontiers in Psychiatry</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">clinical guidelines</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">coercive measures</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">evidence based treatment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psychiatry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quality management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Restraint</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seclusion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">violence</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">09.15.2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">file:///C:/Users/jha041/Downloads/fpsyt-11-579176.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Coercive measures are among the most controversial interventions in psychiatry. There is a large discrepancy between the sheer number of high-quality guidelines and the small number of scientifically accompanied initiatives to promote and evaluate their implementation into clinical routine. In Germany, an expert group developed guidelines to provide evidence- and consensus-based recommendations on how to deal with violence and coercion in psychiatry.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stine Eikenes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ingvild Onsrud Mjøen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mitt liv, mitt valg: En kvalitativ studie om pasienters erfaringer med brukerstyrte sengeplasser</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brukerstyrt plass</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">recovery</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reduksjon av tvang</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">schizofreni</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://bora.uib.no/bora-xmlui/bitstream/handle/1956/22479/PROPSY-317--hovedoppgave--Mitt-liv--mitt-valg--Eikenes---Mj-en-.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UiB, psykologisk fakultet</style></publisher><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Brukerstyrte plasser ble etablert som et forsøk på å hindre bruk av tvang og makt, samt øke grad av effektivisering og brukermedvirkning i psykisk helsevern for voksne. Allerede før det finnes nok forskningsgrunnlag for å si noe om betydning av disse plassene, kuttes det allikevel i disse sengeplassene. Formålet med denne studien har vært å få større kunnskap om hva som oppleves som viktig i en recoveryprosess hos pasienter med psykose- og schizofrenilidelser. Vi ønsket også å undersøke hvilken betydning brukerstyrte plasser har i denne prosessen, samt gi kunnskap om hvilke tilbud som oppleves som meningsfulle og nyttige for pasientene i etterkant av en lengre innleggelse. Ved bruk av en kvalitativ tilnærming innenfor et hermeneutisk-fenomenologisk rammeverk, har vi utført 9 semistrukturerte intervjuer med pasienter med psykose- og schizofrenilidelser som har erfaring med bruk av disse plassene. Datamaterialet ble analysert ved bruk av refleksiv tematisk analysemetode. Gjennom den tematiske analysen utviklet vi hovedtemaet &amp;laquo;Hjemmelivets tosidighet&amp;raquo; og de tre grupperingene &amp;laquo;Ikke begrens meg&amp;raquo;, &amp;laquo;Et hjelpemiddel for mestring&amp;raquo; og &amp;laquo;Det jeg trenger for å holde meg frisk&amp;raquo; for å oppsummere deltakernes erfaringer med brukerstyrte plasser. Resultatene blir drøftet i lys av eksisterende teori og forskning. Til sist blir implikasjoner, betydningen av våre forforståelser og metodiske begrensninger ved studien diskutert.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The opportunity for patients to self-refer to inpatient treatment was established as an attempt to prevent the use of coercion, as well as to increase the degree of efficiency and user involvement in mental health care. But even before there is enough research to generalize the findings, several of the self-referral options have been removed from the mental health care system in Norway. The purpose of this study has been to gain greater knowledge of what is perceived as important in a recovery process for patients with psychosis and schizophrenia. We wanted to investigate the importance of self-referral in this process, and provide knowledge about which services that are perceived as meaningful and useful to patients after a longer hospitalization. Using a qualitative approach within a hermeneutic-phenomenological framework, we conducted 9 semi-structured interviews with patients with psychosis and schizophrenia who have experience in using self-referrals to inpatient treatment. The data was analyzed using a reflexive thematic analysis method. Through the thematic analysis, we developed the main theme &amp;quot;Home life&amp;#39;s ambiguity&amp;quot; and the three groups &amp;quot;Do not limit me&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;A tool for coping&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;What I need to stay healthy&amp;quot; to summarize the participants&amp;#39; experiences with self-referral to inpatient treatment. The results are discussed in light of existing theory and research. Finally, implications, how our personal experiences may have affected and methodological limitations of this study are discussed.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mastergradsoppgave</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">erfaringsbaserte</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>36</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tellefsen, RF</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Midtbø, MK</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Relasjonens virkning: Bruk av terapeutisk relasjon i tvangsbehandling</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coercion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">involuntary treatment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mental disorders</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nurse-patient relationship</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">psychiatric illness</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">psychiatric patient</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">05/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2659836</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Høgskulen på Vestlandet, bachelor i sykepleie</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bergen</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Abstract&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Introduction&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Many people will experience dealing with a psychiatric illness at some point throughout their lives, some will also experience coercive measures in their treatment. How can nurses create a good therapeutic relationship to those patients? And does it increase the chance of a better treatment outcome for the patient?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Theory&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Research on literature before the analysis suggests that the therapeutic relationship does not only affect the person itself, it can also have an impact on their treatment outcome. Communication is suggested as an important part on making a positive change.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Method&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This paper is a literature search and a bachelor thesis in nursing. The search for articles was performed with the help of a PICO-model on following databases: Cinahl, Medline, Pscychinfo, and Svemed+. The analysis consists of 5 qualitative studies and 1 systematic literature search found through a citation search on Google Scholar.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Results&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Through the analysis there were found 4 underlying subjects; anatomy, trust and teamwork, the therapeutic relationships impact, perceptions and expectations of staff, and coercive measures evaluation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Discussion&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Verbal and nonverbal communication skills seemed to be important in the treatment as well as listening to the patients for a positive therapeutic relationship. Safety and respect were both mentioned as a way of meeting the patients&amp;rsquo; needs in context of the therapeutic relationship and treatment. A common ground about coercive measures seemed to matter, and the therapeutic relationship was especially important to secure good treatment using these measures.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Conclusion&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Nurses can use their communication skills as a tool and the therapeutic relationship needs to be built on respect, safety, trust and a common ground to make a positive outcome in treatment with involuntary measures. Some areas discussed needs further research.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Keywords Coercion, involuntary treatment, mental disorders, psychiatric patient, psychiatric illness, nurse-patient relationship.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bachelor Thesis</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvangsmidler, tvangsinnleggelse, etikk</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Patricia S. Mann-Poll</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eric O. Noorthoorn</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Annet Smit</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Giel J. M. Hutschemaekers</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Three Pathways of Seclusion Reduction Programs to Sustainability: Ten Years Follow Up in Psychiatry</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inpatient psychiatry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Program evaluation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">seclusion and restraint</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sustainability</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11126-020-09738-1#article-info</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;From 2004 onwards, above 50 seclusion reduction programs (SRP) were developed, implemented and evaluated in the Netherlands. However, little is known about their sustainability, as to which extent obtained reduction could be maintained. This study monitored three programs over ten years seeking to identify important factors contributing to this. We reviewed documents of three SRPs that received governmental funding to reduce seclusion. Next, we interviewed key figures from each institute, to investigate the SRP documents and their implementation in practice. We monitored the number of seclusion events and the number of seclusion days with the Argus rating scale over ten years in three separate phases: 2008&amp;ndash;2010, 2011&amp;ndash;2014 and 2015&amp;ndash;2017. As we were interested in sustainability after the governmental funding ended in 2012, our focus was on the last phase. Although in different rate, all mental health institutes showed some decline in seclusion events during and immediately after the SRP. After end of funding one institute showed numbers going up and down. The second showed an increase in number of seclusion days. The third institute displayed a sustained and continuous reduction in use of seclusion, even several years after the received funding. This institute was the only one with an ongoing institutional SRP after the governmental funding. To sustain accomplished seclusion reduction, a continuous effort is needed for institutional awareness of the use of seclusion, even after successful implementation of SRPs. If not, successful SRPs implemented in psychiatry will easily relapse in traditional use of seclusion.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Malin-Yasmin Moltu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kine Murvold</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Behandle meg med varsomhet</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pasientopplevelse</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsmidler</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://ntnuopen.ntnu.no/ntnu-xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/2613493/no.ntnu%3ainspera%3a2338838.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NTNU, Bachelor i sykepleie</style></publisher><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Hensikt: Hensikten med oppgaven er å undersøke pasienters erfaringer ved bruk av ulike&amp;nbsp;&lt;mark&gt;tvangsmidler&lt;/mark&gt;, og på denne måten skape en større forståelse hos helsepersonell. Bakgrunn: Rapporter publisert av Helsedirektoratet viser økning i bruk av&amp;nbsp;&lt;mark&gt;tvangsmidler&lt;/mark&gt;, samt at 2200 pasienter hadde vedtak om bruk av&amp;nbsp;&lt;mark&gt;tvangsmidler&lt;/mark&gt;&amp;nbsp;i 2017. Psykisk helsevernloven beskriver at&amp;nbsp;&lt;mark&gt;tvangsmidler&lt;/mark&gt;&amp;nbsp;bare skal brukes overfor pasienter når dette er nødvendig for å hindre skade på seg selv, andre eller miljøet rundt. På bakgrunn av dette ble pasienters erfaringer undersøkt. Metode: Oppgaven baserer seg på en systematisk litteraturstudie. Ulike databaser ble brukt for å innhente relevant forskning, ved hjelp av søkeord som blant annet &amp;ldquo;psychiatric patients&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;restraints&amp;rdquo; og &amp;ldquo;experience&amp;rdquo;. Det er inkludert både kvalitativ og kvantitativ forskning, samt én oversiktsstudie. Resultat: Det fremkommer både positive og negative erfaringer hos pasientene. Pasientene erfarte følelser som frykt, skam, sinne og ydmykelse. Mangel på informasjon og støtte, samt fysisk ubehag var sentrale funn. Det ble identifisert tre hovedtema; emosjonelle erfaringer, kommunikative og relasjonelle erfaringer, i tillegg til fysisk ubehag. Konklusjon: Studien viste at erfaringer ved bruk av&amp;nbsp;&lt;mark&gt;tvangsmidler&lt;/mark&gt;&amp;nbsp;i hovedsak var negative. Erfaringer knyttet til tap av autonomi, behov for informasjon og samhandling, makt og maktmisbruk, i tillegg til empati og støtte var sentrale. På bakgrunn av erfaringene kan vi si at det er forbedringspotensialer knyttet til bruk av&amp;nbsp;&lt;mark&gt;tvangsmidler&lt;/mark&gt;. Det vil som sykepleier være viktig å støtte pasienten gjennom kommunikasjon, empati og sympati, god informasjon og oppfølging. I tillegg bør sykepleier tilegne seg kunnskap om riktig bruk av tvangsmiddel.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bacheloroppgave</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvangsmidler</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elin Håkonsen Martinsen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bente M Weimand</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reidun Norvoll</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Does coercion matter? Supporting young next-of-kin in mental health care</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nursing Ethics</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coercion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mental Health</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">next-of-kin</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">09/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;h4&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11.0pt&quot;&gt;BACKGROUND: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;p&gt;Coercion can cause harm to both the patient and the patient&amp;#39;s family. Few studies have examined how the coercive treatment of a close relative might affect young next-of-kin.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h4&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11.0pt&quot;&gt;RESEARCH QUESTIONS: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;p&gt;We aimed to investigate the views and experiences of health professionals being responsible for supporting young next-of-kin to patients in mental health care (children-responsible staff) in relation to the needs of these young next-of-kin in coercive situations and to identify ethical challenges.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h4&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11.0pt&quot;&gt;RESEARCH DESIGN: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;p&gt;We conducted a qualitative study based on semistructured, focus group interviews and an individual interview.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h4&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11.0pt&quot;&gt;PARTICIPANTS AND RESEARCH CONTEXT: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;p&gt;We held three focus group interviews with six to seven children-responsible staff in each group (a total of 20 participants) and one individual interview with a family therapist. The participants were recruited from three hospital trusts in the eastern part of Norway.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h4&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11.0pt&quot;&gt;ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;p&gt;The study was approved by the National Data Protection Official for Research and based on informed consent and confidentiality.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h4&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11.0pt&quot;&gt;FINDINGS: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;p&gt;Coercion was not a theme among the participants in relation to their work with young next-of-kin, and there was much uncertainty related to whether these young people need special support to deal with the coercive treatment of their close relative. Despite the uncertainty, the study indicated a need for more information and emotional support among the youth.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h4&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11.0pt&quot;&gt;DISCUSSION: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;p&gt;Few studies have addressed the potential impact of coercive treatment of a close family member on young next-of-kin. The findings were consistent with existing research but highlighted disagreement and uncertainty among the children-responsible staff about to what extent the young next-of-kin should visit and whether they should enter the ward unit or not. We identified ethical challenges for the children-responsible staff related to the principle of not inflicting harm (&lt;i&gt;nonmaleficence&lt;/i&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h4&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11.0pt&quot;&gt;CONCLUSION: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,sans-serif&quot;&gt;From the perspective of children-responsible staff, it appears that the coercive treatment of a close family member entails a need for extra support of young relatives both in relation to information and the facilitation of visits, but more systematic knowledge about these issues is needed.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sep 9:969733019871681</style></issue><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsmidler, Tvangsinnleggelse, Tvangsbehandling, Erfaringsbaserte</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molnes, Bernt Marius G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">''Du må bli med oss.'' - Oppfattelse av tvang, behandling og bedringsprosesser hos inneliggende pasienter med tvangsvedtak i tverrfaglig spesialisert rusbehandlng (TSB)</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Opplevd tvang</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TSB</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">03/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2590736</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NTNU, Fakultet for samfunns- og utdanningsvitenskap, Institutt for psykologi</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trondheim</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Tvangsvedtak er et omfattende offentlig inngrep i en persons liv. Inntil nylig har det ikke vært gjennomført uavhengig norsk forskning på psykologiske konsekvenser av tvangsvedtak i TSB. Siden 2010 har det kommet et utvalg norske studier som belyser ulike problemstillinger knyttet til denne pasientgruppen. Formålet med denne studien var å undersøke den psykologiske oppfattelsen av tvangsvedtak for inneliggende pasienter i TSB. Semi-strukturerte intervjuer ble gjennomført blant seks inneliggende pasienter med tvangsvedtak. Transkripsjonene ble analysert med tematisk analyse. Analysen støtter tidligere kvantitative funn som viser at pasienter innlagt med tvangsvedtak i TSB kan oppnå bedring på flere områder, som livskvalitet, endret rusbruk og bedring av psykiske symptomer. I tillegg støtter den kvalitative funn som viser at tvang kan være et konstruktivt brudd i ruskarrieren, men samtidig skape mistillit, ødelegge behandlingsallianser og skape motstand. Følgende tre tema ble identifisert: 1) Tvang, 2) Behandling, og 3) Bedringsprosesser. Resultatene viser at informantene hovedsakelig opplevde psykologiske konsekvenser av tvang i form av emosjonelt ubehag og opplevelse av å bli kontrollert. Informantene rapporterte om en viss selvbestemmelse, men noen følte seg umyndiggjort. Informantene mottok en rekke oppfølgings&amp;ndash; og behandlingstilbud, som et flertall virket å være fornøyd med. Selv om informantene var innlagt med tvangsvedtak rapporterte likevel alle om et godt forhold til personalet ved institusjonen. Endring av rusbruk virker å være bare et av flere domener hvor informantene opplevde bedringsprosesser. Funnene fra studien kan benyttes i klinisk praksis ved å øke behandleres forståelse for hvordan en tvangsinnleggelse kan oppfattes, samt for å øke pasienters selvbestemmelse og motivasjon for egen behandling. Funnene kan også brukes for å tilpasse tvangsinnleggelser for å redusere påkjenningene det medfølger, et eksempel på dette kan være alternativer til å bli hentet til institusjon med uniformert politi. Funnene kan i tillegg brukes for å bedre kommunikasjon mellom pasienter, behandlere og beslutningstakere, både før og under innleggelse. Denne studien kan også bidra til å danne et forskningsgrunnlag innen dette feltet. Fremtidig forskning kan bruke funn fra denne studien for å operasjonalisere og utvikle mål i spørreskjemaer rettet mot denne pasientgruppen.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019-03-20T07:47:32Z</style></accession-num><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse, Tvangsmidler</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>46</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kalseth, B</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bremnes, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mjøs, M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kontroll av tvangsbruk i psykisk helsevern 2017</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Statistikk</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsbehandling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelser</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsmidler</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.helsedirektoratet.no/rapporter/kontroll-av-tvangsbruk-i-psykisk-helsevern/Kontroll%20av%20tvangsbruk%20i%20psykisk%20helsevern%202017.pdf?download=false</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Helsedirektoratet</style></publisher><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Statistikk</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>46</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kalseth, B</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bremnes, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mjøs, M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kontroll av tvangsbruk i psykisk helsevern 2018</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Statistikk</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsbehandling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelser</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsmidler</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.helsedirektoratet.no/rapporter/kontroll-av-tvangsbruk-i-psykisk-helsevern/Kontroll%20av%20tvangsbruk%20i%20psykisk%20helsevern%202018.pdf?download=false</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Helsedirektoratet</style></publisher><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Statistikk</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hanna Christine Julie Mantila</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Therese Johnson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olav Nyttingnes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan Hammer</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Utforsket pasienters opplevelse av tvang</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Akutt psykisk helsevern</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Erfaringskunnskap</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Experience Coercion Scale</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Opplevd tvang</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://static.sykepleien.no/sites/default/files/pdf-export/pdf-export-78900.pdf?c=1570608629</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;I 2018 gjennomførte vi et prosjekt ved Blakstad sykehus hvor vi intervjuet pasienter om deres opplevelser av tvang i akutt psykisk helsevern. I samtalene kom det frem informasjon som er klinisk nyttig og kan brukes i forbedringsarbeid. Deltakerne ga i tillegg uttrykk for at samtalene gjorde at de følte seg sett og tatt på alvor.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsbehandling, Tvangsinnleggelse, Tvangsmidler, Erfaringsbaserte</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mevåg, Ida Blokhus-Harr</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Menneskerettsvern og rettssikkerhet i tvangspsykiatri. Har implementeringen av FN-konvensjonen for rettighetene til mennesker med nedsatt funksjonsevne har fått noen konsekvens for hvordan vi bruker tvang i psykisk helsevern?</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CRPD</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FN</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Menneskerettigheter</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nedsatt funksjonsevne</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rettssikkerhet</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvang</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">08/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/62672/1/Ida-Master-Final.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UiO, Det juridiske fakultet</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oslo</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Sammendrag finnes ikke&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Master thesis</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">etikk</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marie Myntevik</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bruk av mekaniske tvangsmidler i psykiatrien. Gjeldende rett etter phvl. § 4-8, sett i lys av menneskerettslige forpliktelser</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EMK</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mekaniske tvangsmidler</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Menneskerettigheter</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://bora.uib.no/bora-xmlui/bitstream/handle/1956/17290/59_JUS399_H17.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UiB, juridisk fakultet</style></publisher><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Oppgavens overordnede problemstilling er å drøfte hva som er gjeldende rett for bruk av mekaniske tvangsmidler etter phvl. &amp;sect; 4-8, sett i lys av menneskerettslige forpliktelser. Herunder vil det også foretas en rettspolitisk drøftelse knyttet til de utfordringer som finnes i forholdet mellom lov og praksis. Psykisk helsevern har blitt satt på dagsordenen, særlig gjennom VG sin avsløring &amp;rdquo;Tvangsloggene&amp;rdquo; fra 2016. Her avdekkes det flere tilfeller av tvangsbruk som synes å ikke være forenelig med de vilkårene loven stiller. Sivilombudsmannen har også i besøksrapporter avdekket kritikkverdige forhold. Disse avsløringene danner et grunnlag for å se nærmere på lovteksten for å undersøke hvilken terskel den stiller opp, samt hvilke tilfeller av tvangsbruk som kan være omfattet av lovteksten. Med et mål om å skape rettsikkerhet for en særlig utsatt gruppe som har blitt fratatt sin rett til selvbestemmelse, er lovteksten det nødvendige og naturlige utgangspunktet for å diskutere tvangspraksis.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mastergradsoppgave</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvangsmidler</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lars Henrik Myklebust</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knut Sørgaard</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rolf Wynn</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">How mental health service systems are organized may affect the rate of acute admissions to specialized care: Report from a natural experiment involving 5338 admissions</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SAGE Open Medicine</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tore Martin Moen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hvordan kan sykepleieren yte omsorg til pasienten i en situasjon der det brukes mekanisk tvang?</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mekaniske tvangsmidler</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">omsorg</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sykepleie</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://brage.inn.no/inn-xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/2472874/Moen.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Høgskolen i Innlandet, Bachelor i sykepleie</style></publisher><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Bruk av tvang i psykisk helsevern er et tema som har stort fokus i den offentlige debatten. Lovverket som regulerer psykisk helsevern hjemler bruk av tvang i behandlingen av mennesker med psykiske lidelser, samtidig som tvangsbruken i stadig større grad problematiseres av brukere, politikere og fagpersoner. Sammen med egne erfaringer som sykepleierstudent i flere belteleggingssituasjoner, er dette bakgrunnen for valg av tema. Følgende problemstilling er valgt: Hvordan kan sykepleier gi omsorg i en situasjon der det brukes mekanisk tvang.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Denne bacheloroppgaven er en litterær studie, der problemstillingen søkes besvart med relevante forskningsartikler og faglitteratur. Etter søk i anerkjente databaser er fire forskningsartikler inkludert i studien, i tillegg til faglitteratur av forfattere som Strand, Martinsen, Hummelvoll, Eide og Eide m.fl.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Oppgaven drøfter hvordan sykepleieren kan yte omsorg til pasienten i situasjoner der det brukes mekanisk tvang. Sykepleierens viktigste oppgave er å utøve omsorgsfull sykepleie til pasienten fra belteleggingen begynner til tvangstiltaket avsluttes. Omsorgen har både faglige, moralske, etiske og juridiske aspekter, som sykepleieren må legge til grunn for sine vurderinger, beslutninger og i utøvelsen. Å yte omsorg til pasienter under beltelegging innebærer at sykepleieren må ivareta pasientens grunnleggende behov, både fysisk, psykisk og sosialt. Kunnskap om kommunikasjon og relasjoner er grunnleggende, sammen med en praktisk tilnærming. Videre må sykepleieren ha kunnskap om pasientens juridiske rettigheter, opprettholde verdighet og unngå umyndiggjøring, samt være empatisk og respektfull. Til sammen vil dette kunne bidra til at beltelegging kan gjennomføres med minst mulig negative virkninger, i øyeblikket og på lengre sikt.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bacheloroppgave</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvangsmidler</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>12</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elin Håkonsen Martinsen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bente M Weimand</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reidar Pedersen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reidun Norvoll</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hvordan snakke med unge som har sett tvang mot familiemedlemmer?</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dagens Medisin</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dagensmedisin.no</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Etikk, Erfaringsbaserte</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elin Håkonsen Martinsen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bente M Weimand</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reidar Pedersen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reidun Norvoll</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The silent world of young next of kin in mental healthcare</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nursing Ethics</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Children of parents with a mental illness,ethics,family ethics,family support,mental healthcare,sibling caregivers</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Background:Young next of kin to patients with mental health problems are faced with many challenges. It is important to focus on the special needs of children and adolescents as next of kin to ensure their welfare and prevent harm.Research questions:We aimed to investigate young next of kin&amp;rsquo;s need for information and involvement, to examine the ways they cope with situations involving coercion related to the treatment of their relative, and to identify ethical challenges.Research design:We conducted a qualitative study based on semi-structured, individual interviews.Participants and research context:Seven young next of kin aged 14&amp;ndash;22 years participated in the study. The informants were recruited from a regional hospital trust in Norway.Ethical considerations:The study was approved by the National Data Protection Official for Research and based upon informed consent and confidentiality.Findings:The adolescents wanted more information and described a need for increased interaction with their sick relative at the hospital. They struggled to keep their relationship with their relative intact, and they described communication problems in the family. Coercive treatment was perceived in a negative way.Discussion:The study finds that there are ethical challenges at stake for young next of kin and their families other than those that are often emphasized by traditional healthcare, which often focuses on the individual patient&amp;rsquo;s rights. These challenges are related to the young next of kin&amp;rsquo;s needs for interconnectedness and for the preservation of relationships as well as challenges related to family communication and the need for information.Conclusion:The study finds a need for more family-oriented perspectives in both mental healthcare practices and healthcare ethics.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Erfaringsbaserte</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bert Molewijk</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Almar Kok</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tonje Husum</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reidar Pedersen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olaf Aasland</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Staff’s normative attitudes towards coercion: the role of moral doubt and professional context—a cross-sectional survey study</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BMC Medical Ethics</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">37</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Etikk, Tvangsinnleggelse</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan Hammer</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roar Fosse</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Åse Lyngstad</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paul Møller</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Didrik Heggdal</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effekten av komplementær ytre regulering (KYR) på tvangstiltak</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psykologtidsskriftet</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">autonomy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">basal exposure therapy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">coercion reduction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">complementary external regulation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">complex mental disorders</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">psychotic disorders</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">07/2916</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://psykologtidsskriftet.no/vitenskapelig-artikkel/2016/07/effekten-av-komplementaer-ytre-regulering-kyr-pa-tvangstiltak</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">53</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Norsk studie om reduksjon av tvangsmidler og skjerming. Studien viser en&lt;br /&gt;markant reduksjon av tvangsvedtak fra 2006&amp;ndash;2008 (før KYR var implementert)&lt;br /&gt;til henholdsvis 2009&amp;ndash;2011 og 2012&amp;ndash;2014. Gjennomsnittlig antall&lt;br /&gt;tvangsvedtak per pasient ble redusert fra 23,5 til 0,3 (99 %). Andelen&lt;br /&gt;pasienter med minst ett tvangsvedtak gikk ned fra 60,5 % til 15,4 % (74 %),&lt;br /&gt;mens andelen pasienter med minst seks vedtak gikk ned fra 40 % til 0 % (100&lt;br /&gt;%). Nedgangen i tvangsvedtak var tydeligst for korttidsvirkende legemidler,&lt;br /&gt;fulgt av mekaniske tvangsmidler.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fagfellevurdert artikkel</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">518</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ingvild Stokke Engerdahl</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Albert Moljewijk</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reidar Pedersen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Etiske utfordringer ved bruk av tvang i psykisk helsevern: når lovverk møter praksis</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tidsskrift for Norsk psykologforeningTidsskrift for Norsk psykologforening</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.psykologtidsskriftet.no/index.php?seks_id=457512&amp;a=3</style></url></web-urls></urls><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">53</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">102-110</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Etikk</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nikolai L. D. Fuglseth</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rolf Gjestad</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liv Solrunn Mellesdal</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Steinar Hunskaar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ketil Joachim Ødegaard</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ingrid Hjulstad Johansen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Factors associated with disallowance of compulsory mental healthcare referrals</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavia</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/acps.12545/epdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-9</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Håkon Milde</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Straff eller omsorg? Pasienter og pleiepersonells syn på skjerming</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pasientopplevelse</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pleiepersonell</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Skjerming</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sykepleie</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VID vitenskapelige høgskole</style></publisher><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Formål: Formålet med oppgaven er å belyse hvordan&amp;nbsp;&lt;mark&gt;skjerming&lt;/mark&gt;&amp;nbsp;oppleves for pasientene innlagt på psykiatrisk sykehus. Fokuset vil være på holdninger til og bruken av&amp;nbsp;&lt;mark&gt;skjerming&lt;/mark&gt;. Det er også lagt vekt på hvordan&amp;nbsp;&lt;mark&gt;skjerming&lt;/mark&gt;&amp;nbsp;som metode brukes i dagens psykiatriske sykehus opp mot hvordan intensjonen var når den ble innført for over 30 år siden. Dette for å skape en bredere forståelse for den komplekse skjermingsprosessen. Problemstilling: &amp;rdquo;Hvordan påvirker pleiepersonells holdninger hvordan pasienter opplever&amp;nbsp;&lt;mark&gt;skjerming&lt;/mark&gt;?&amp;rdquo; Metode: I denne oppgaven er det benyttet litteraturstudie som metode for å knytte relevant teori og forskning opp mot valgt problemstilling. Konklusjon: Litteraturen viser at&amp;nbsp;&lt;mark&gt;skjerming&lt;/mark&gt;, til tross for å være en omdiskutert og dårlig dokumentert metode er svært hyppig brukt. Forskning viser at det er en markant uoverensstemmelse mellom hvordan&amp;nbsp;&lt;mark&gt;skjerming&lt;/mark&gt;&amp;nbsp;oppfattes av pleiepersonell og pasienter. Studier viser at pasienter på generell basis uttrykker svært negative følelser ovenfor&amp;nbsp;&lt;mark&gt;skjerming&lt;/mark&gt;, særlig knyttet til lite konsekvent bruk og tvangspreg. Mens pleiepersonell anser metoden som et nødvendig tiltak som høyst terapeutisk for pasienten. Dette markerer et stort behov for en definisjons avklaring samt videre forskning på feltet, for å avdekke forbedringsområder.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bacheloroppgave</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvangsmidler</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bert Molewijk</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ingvild Stokke Engerdahl</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reidar Pedersen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Two years of moral case deliberations on the use of coercion in mental health care: Which ethical challenges are being discussed by health care professionals?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Clinical Ethics</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2-3</style></number><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Etikk</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Froukje Weidema</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hans van Dartel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molewijk, Bert</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Working towards implementing moral case deliberation in mental healthcare: Ongoing dialogue and shared ownership as strategy</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Clinical EthicsClinical Ethics</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Implementation,moral case deliberation,mental healthcare,dialogue,clinical ethics support</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2-3</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">54-62</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The design and implementation of clinical ethics support is attracting increasing attention. Often, the characteristics and aims of clinical ethics support are translated into practice in a top-down, programmatic manner. These characteristics and aims then remain a constant feature of the clinical ethics support functions within the organisation. We argue that the characteristics of clinical ethics support should be reflected in the implementation strategy. Inspired by dialogical, pragmatic and hermeneutic perspectives on clinical ethics support in general and moral case deliberation in particular, we argue for a dialogical approach to implementing clinical ethics support, based on open, ongoing discussion with healthcare professionals about how they conceive (the aims of) clinical ethics support. Based on research and experience with various moral case deliberation implementation projects in mental healthcare, we present a theoretical framework for dialogical implementation and heuristic guidelines for implementing moral case deliberation in mental healthcare, which take into account the dialogical characteristics of moral case deliberation and some specific features of mental healthcare.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2-3</style></issue><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Etikk</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bert Molewijk</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marit Helene Hem</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reidar Pedersen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dealing with ethical challenges: a focus group study with proessionals in mental health care</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BMC Medical Ethics</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marit Helene Hem</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reidar Pedersen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reidun Norvoll</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molewijk, Bert</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evaluating clinical ethics support in mental healthcare: a systematic literature review</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nursing Ethics</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4.08.2014</style></edition><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">452-66</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Erfaringsbaserte</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Valenti, Emanuele</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Banks, Ciara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Calcedo-Barba, Alfredo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bensimon, Cécile</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hoffmann, Karin-Maria</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pelto-Piri, Veikko</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jurin, Tanja</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mendoza, Octavio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mundt, Adrian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rugkåsa, Jorun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tubini, Jacopo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Priebe, Stefan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Informal coercion in psychiatry: a focus group study of attitudes and experiences of mental health professionals in ten countries</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The International Journal for Research in Social and Genetic Epidemiology and Mental Health Services</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">50</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse, Tvangsmidler, Etikk</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mørch, John-Erik</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dom på overføring til tvungent psykisk helsevern - en rettsdogmatisk fremstilling av de materielle vilkårene i strl. § 39</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dom</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Straffeloven</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvungent psykisk helsevern</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vilkår</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">03/ 2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/42786/1/642.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UiO, Det juridiske fakultet</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oslo</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Sammendrag finnes ikke&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Master thesis</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">etikk</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marit Helene Hem</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molewijk, Bert</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reidar Pedersen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ethical challenges in connection with the use of coercion: a focus group study of health care personnel in mental health care</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BMC Medical Ethics</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">82</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">82</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geir F Lorem</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hem, Marit H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molewijk, Bert</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Good coercion: Patients' moral evaluation of coercion in mental health care.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Journal of Mental Health Nursing</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25394674#</style></url></web-urls></urls><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-10</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal article</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TvangsinnleggelseTvangsbehandling</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Myklebust, Lars</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sorgaard, Knut</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rolf Wynn</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Local psychiatric beds appear to decrease the use of involuntary admission: a case-registry study</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BMC Health Services Research (Open Access)</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6963/14/64</style></url></web-urls></urls><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1472-6963</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TvangsbehandlingEtikk</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fa Jun Ma</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvungent Psykisk Helsevern. Rettssikkerhet og menneskerettigheter ved bruk av tvang i det psykisk helsevern</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Det juridiske fakultet</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-47194</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Universitet i Oslo</style></publisher><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Master Thesis</style></work-type></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maria Knutzen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stål Bjørkly</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gunnar Eidhammer</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Steinar Lorentzen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nina Helen Mjøsund</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stein Opjordsmoen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leiv Sandvik</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Svein Friis</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Characteristics of patients frequently subjected to pharmacological and mechanical restraint—A register study in three Norwegian acute psychiatric wards</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psychiatry Research</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165178113006756</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsbehandling Tvangsmidler</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ingrid Hjulstad Johansen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liv Solrunn Mellesdal</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hugo A Jørgensen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Steinar Hunskaar</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Admissions to a Norwegian emergency psychiatric ward: patient characteristics and referring agents. A prospective study</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nordic Journal of Psychiatry</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://informahealthcare.com/doi/pdf/10.3109/08039488.2011.598554</style></url></web-urls></urls><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">40-48</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>36</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kristin Thuve Dahm</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kari Ann Leiknes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tonje Lossius Husum</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ingvild Kirkehei</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bjørn Hoffmann</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hilde Tinderholt Myrhaug</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kjetil Gundro Brurberg</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Therese Kristine Dalsbø</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liv Merete Reinar</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effekt av tiltak for å redusere tvangsbruk i psykisk helsevern for voksne</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.kunnskapssenteret.no/publikasjoner/effekt-av-tiltak-for-a-redusere-tvangsbruk-i-psykisk-helsevern-for-voksne</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nasjonalt kunnskapssenter for helsetjenesten</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oslo</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nr 09-2012</style></volume><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-82-8121-484-2</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gratis</style></notes><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse, Tvangsmidler</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lars Henrik Myklebust</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knut Sørgaard</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ketil Røtvold</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rolf Wynn</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Factors of importance to involuntary admission</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nordic Journal of Psychiatry</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.3109/08039488.2011.611252</style></url></web-urls></urls><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">66</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ingrid Hjulstad Johansen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tone Morken</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Steinar Hunskaar</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">How Norwegian casualty clinics handle contacts related to mental illness: A prospective observational study</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Journal of Mental Health Systems</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International journal of mental health systems</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April 20</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">journal article</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Johansen2012</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maria Knutzen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stål Bjørkly</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gunnar Eidhammer</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Steinar Lorentzen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nina Helen Mjøsund</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stein Opjordsmoen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leiv Sandvik</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Svein Friis</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mechanical and pharmacological restraints in acute psychiatric wards — Why and how are they used?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psychiatry Research</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165178112007676</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsmidler</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mattson, Åse L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Binder, Per-Einar</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A qualitative exploration of how health care workers in an inpatient setting in Norway experience working with patients who self-injure</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nordic Psychology</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maria Knutzen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nina H. Mjosund</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gunnar Eidhammer</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Steinar Lorentzen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stein Opjordsmoen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leiv Sandvik</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Svein Friis</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Characteristics of Psychiatric Inpatients Who Experienced Restraint and Those Who Did Not: A Case-Control Study</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psychiatric Services</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://ps.psychiatryonline.org/article.aspx?articleid=116187</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsmidler</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">S. Opjordsmoen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Svein Friis</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ingrid Melle</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ulrik Haahr</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan Olav Johannessen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tor Ketil Larsen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan Ivar Røssberg</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bjørn Rishovd Rund</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Erik Simonsen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Per Vaglum</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thomas H. McGlashan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A 2‐year follow‐up of involuntary admission’s influence upon adherence and outcome in first‐episode psychosis</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acta Psychiatrica ScandinavicaActa Psychiatrica Scandinavica</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">121</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maria Knutzen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">m.fl.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liv Nilsen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Karen L. Kautzman Bjøro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ellen Wego</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsmiddelbruk er ikke behandling</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hertervig Forlag</style></pub-location><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9788282161275</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsmidler</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gunnar Morken</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan H. Widen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rolf W. Grawe</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Non-adherence to antipsychotic medication, relapse and rehospitalisation in recent-onset schizophrenia</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BMC Psychiatry</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse, Tvangsmedisinering</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wynn, Rolf</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Myklebust, Lars-Henrik</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bratlid, Trond</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Attitudes to coercion among health-care workers and the general public in Norway</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Psychiatric Intensive Care</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">01/19</style></edition><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cambridge University Press</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></volume><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1742-6464</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><remote-database-name><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cambridge Core</style></remote-database-name><remote-database-provider><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cambridge University Press</style></remote-database-provider><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kjetil Horn</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Egil W. Martinsen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pasienttilfredshet etter opphold i psykiatrisk døgnpost</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tidsskrift for den norske legeforening</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://tidsskriftet.no/article/1543122</style></url></web-urls></urls><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">127</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1506-9</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fagfellevurderte artikler</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rolf Wynn</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lars-Henrik Myklebust</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trond Bratlid</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psychologists and coercion: Decisions regarding involuntary psychiatric admission and treatment in a group of Norwegian psychologists</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nordic Journal of Psychiatry</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08039480701773139</style></url></web-urls></urls><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">61</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leif Johnsen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haldis Øysæd</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Katrine Børnes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tor Jocob Moe</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan Haavik</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A systematic intervention to improve patient information routines and satisfaction in a psychiatric emergency unit</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nordic Journal of Psychiatry</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08039480701352579</style></url></web-urls></urls><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">61</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse, Tvangsbehandling</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">arne vaaler</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gunnar Morken</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">John Chr Fløvig</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Valentina C Iversen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olav M Linaker</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effects of a psychiatric intensive care unit in an acute psychiatric department</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nordic Journal of Psychiatry</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">intensive care unit</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">picu</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seclusion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Skjerming</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08039480600583472</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">60</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Psychiatric acute units use different levels of segregation to satisfy needs for containment and decrease in sensory input for behaviourally disturbed patients. Controlled studies evaluating the effects of the procedure are lacking. The aim of the present study was to compare effects in acutely admitted patients with the use of a psychiatric intensive care unit (PICU) and not in a psychiatric acute department. In a naturalistic study, one group of consecutively referred patients had access only to the PICU, the other group to the whole acute unit. Data were obtained for 56 and 62 patients using several scales. There were significant differences in reduction of behaviour associated with imminent, threatening incidents (Broset Violence Checklist), and actual number of such incidents (Staff Observation Aggression Scale-Revised) in favour of the group that was treated in a PICU. The principles of patient segregation in PICUs have favourable effects on behaviours associated with and the actual numbers of violent and threatening incidents.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Doktorgradsavhandling</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvangsmidler</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rolf Wynn</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lars-Henrik Myklebust</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Patients' Satisfaction and Self-Rated Improvement Following Coercive Interventions</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psychiatry, Psychology and Law</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1375/pplt.13.2.199#preview</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsbehandling</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">arne vaaler</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gunnar Morken</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">John Chr Fløvig</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Valentina C Iversen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olav M Linaker</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Substance abuse and recovery in a Psychiatric Intensive Care Unit</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gen Hospital Psychiatry</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">picu</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rop</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seclusion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Skjerming</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">02/2006</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163834305001507?via%3Dihub</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">28</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">65-70</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;The purpose of this study is to compare the development in symptoms, behaviors, function and treatment between patients with or without a substance use (SU) diagnose in a Psychiatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;A total of 118 admitted patients were assessed at admittance, day 3 and discharge from the PICU. Symptoms of psychopathology, therapeutic steps taken, violent episodes and length of patient stay were recorded.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;More males than females received an SU diagnosis. Substance use patients had less psychiatric symptoms at admittance and showed a faster symptom reduction, more favorable and faster improvement of function and a shorter length of stay. Except for symptom reduction and shorter length of stay, these differences were largely due to differences in sex and diagnoses in the two groups.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;In a naturalistic group of patients in a PICU, SU is associated with favorable outcomes compared to patients not using substances.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Doktorgradsavhandling</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvangsmidler</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">arne vaaler</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gunnar Morken</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olav M Linaker</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effects of different interior decorations in the seclusion area of a psychiatric acute ward</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nordic Journal of Psychiatry</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">interior</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">interiør</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">picu</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seclusion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Skjerming</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">skjermingsenhet</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08039480510018887</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">59</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19-24</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The objective of the study was to compare development in symptoms, behaviours, treatment and patient satisfaction of a traditional interior and an interior furnished like an ordinary home in a seclusion area. A naturalistic sample of 56 consecutive patients admitted to an acute ward was allocated to two different seclusion areas, one with a traditional interior and one decorated as an ordinary home. Symptoms of psychopathology, therapeutic steps taken, violent episodes, length of patient stay and patient satisfaction were recorded. There were no differences in changes in scores on The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for schizophrenia, The Brøset Violence Checklist or the Global Assessment of Function split version scale between the two patient groups. Therapeutic steps taken, number of violent episodes and length of patient stay was also similar. Female patients preferred an ordinary home interior. It was concluded that interior and furnishing like an ordinary home in the seclusion areas created an environment with comparable treatment outcomes to the traditional dismal interior, and had positive effects on many patients&amp;#39; well-being, at least among the women. The traditional beliefs that a sparsely decorated interior is a method to reduce symptoms of psychopathology and dangerous behaviours were not supported by our data.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Doktorgradsavhandling</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvangsmidler</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Valentina Iversen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gunnar Morken</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Differences in acute psychiatric admissions between asylum seekers and refugees</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nordic Journal of Psychiatry</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></number><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Taylor &amp; Francis</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">58</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The objective of the study was to examine differences between asylum seekers, living in asylum seekers’ centres, and refugees, who officially have been granted asylum, when they were acutely admitted to a psychiatric hospital. All 53 asylum seekers and 45 refugees, acutely admitted to a Norwegian psychiatric hospital from 1995 to 2001 were included. The number of admissions by coercion, diagnosis, length of hospital stay and years residing in Norway at the time of the admissions were compared between the two groups. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was more frequent among asylum seekers (43.4%) than among refugees (11%), while schizophrenia was more frequent among refugees (62.2%) than among asylum seekers (15%). The refugees (24.4%) were more often admitted by coercion than asylum seekers (11%). The high proportion of PTSD among asylum seekers compared to refugees may be explained by experiences in Norway after arrival into the country. The stresses of life in reception centres and the risk of being expelled from the country may contribute more to these admittances than experiences in the asylum seekers countries of origin.</style></notes><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Juan Robbie Mathisen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Per Føyn</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bjørn Heimdal</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rapport fra Gjennombruddsprosjekt psykiatri</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsmidler, Tvangsinnleggelser, Tvangsbehandling</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2012062708032</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Den norske lægeforening</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oslo</style></pub-location><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">82-8070-001-3</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Omslagstittel: Bruk av tvang : Gjennombruddsprosjekt psykiatri</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markus Midré</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Individuell frihet og statlig paternalisme – om bruk av tvang innen psykisk helsevern</style></title><tertiary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">samfunnsvitenskapelige fakultet</style></tertiary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-38562</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Universitetet i Oslo</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIBSYS</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hovedfag</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Etikk</style></label></record></records></xml>