<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lemcke,S</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Isbak Jensen,M</style></author></secondary-authors><tertiary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Helles Carlsen, A</style></author></tertiary-authors><subsidiary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Virring Sørensen,A</style></author></subsidiary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Investigating the impact of coercion prevention initiatives in an adolescent psychiatric ward</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nordic Journal of Psychiatry</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">79</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;meta charset=&quot;UTF-8&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;I psykiatriske avdelinger for ungdom har det blitt iverksatt ulike tiltak for å redusere forekomsten av restriktive tiltak. Disse tiltakene er mindre studert enn i voksenpsykiatrien, og effekten er ofte uklar. For å undersøke betydningen av tiltakene som er iverksatt i en avdeling for ungdom, ble det gjennomført en eksplorativ retrospektiv studie. Materiale og metoder: Informasjon om tiltak for å redusere bruken av restriktive tiltak ble samlet inn fra dokumenter på avdelingen fra 2015 til 2022. I denne perioden ble forekomsten av restriktive tiltak registrert i regionens elektroniske register. Informasjon om tiltak og forekomst av restriktive tiltak ble sammenlignet ved hjelp av beskrivende statistikk og forekomstfrekvenser. Resultater: I studieperioden ble det iverksatt tjue forskjellige tiltak på avdelingen. Ingen av tiltakene førte til en vedvarende reduksjon i antall tvangstiltak. Noen av dem syntes imidlertid å redusere forekomsten av restriktive tiltak midlertidig, for eksempel de-eskaleringskurs og Safewards. I løpet av den første vinteren av COVID-19-pandemien (2020/2021) ble det observert en høy forekomst av restriktive tiltak, samtidig som mange avdelingsaktiviteter ble avlyst. Konklusjon: Selv om ingen av de gjennomførte tiltakene førte til en varig reduksjon i restriktive tiltak, tyder de midlertidige reduksjonene som ble observert etter noen av tiltakene på at økt bevissthet kan ha hatt en effekt. Dette understreker nødvendigheten av vedvarende fokus på et tiltak for at effekten skal opprettholdes.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></issue><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">515</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lepping, Peter</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Should we widen our restraint choices?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"> Social Work and Social Sciences Review</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">08/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.whitingbirch.net/index.php/SWSSR/article/view/2504</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;meta charset=&quot;UTF-8&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Fysiske tvangmidler brukes på rundt 5 % av psykiatriske pasienter i Storbritannia. Pasientene opplever ulike typer fiksering på svært forskjellige måter. Denne artikkelen hevder at Storbritannia begrenser sine tjenester og psykiatriske pasienter fra å ta egne valg om hvilke typer fiksering som skal brukes, ved å begrense tilgjengelig fiksering til isolasjon og fysisk fiksering.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Festschrift for Peter Huxley</style></work-type></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>27</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Esben Søndergaard Bruun Olesen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trond Bliksvær</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lea Louise Videt</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marius Storvik</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lena Augusta Ulfseth</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Willy Lichtwarck</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"> GRENSESETTING OG BRUK AV TVANG OVERFOR BARN I FOSTERHJEM</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GRENSESETTING OG BRUK AV TVANG OVERFOR BARN I FOSTERHJEM</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">barn</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fosterhjem</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">grensesetting</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvang</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">08/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://munin.uit.no/bitstream/handle/10037/30431/article.pdf?sequence=2&amp;isAllowed=y</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nordlandsforskning AS</style></publisher><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-82-7321-872-8</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Denne forskningsrapporten undersøker grensesetting og bruk av tvang overfor barn som bor i fosterhjem. Studien er utført på oppdrag fra Barne-, ungdoms- - og familiedirektoratet (Bufdir). Med utgangspunkt i oppdraget fra Bufdir undersøkes følgende problemstillinger i rapporten: i) Det analyseres hvordan relevante aktører oppfatter og opplever grensesetting og bruken av tvang i fosterhjem, og hvordan de forstår grensen mellom forsvarlig grensesetting og uønsket grensesetting eller tvang. Dette gjelder unge som bor i fosterhjem, fosterforeldre, ansatte i barneverntjenester, tilsynspersoner og ansatte hos statsforvalteren. ii) Det gjennomføres en kartlegging av omfanget og innholdet av grensesetting og tvangsbruk i norske fosterhjem, herunder en kartlegging av hvordan fosterforeldre håndterer tvangssituasjoner og hvilke strategier som benyttes for å forebygge uønsket grensesetting og tvang. iii) Tilsynssystemets funksjon i relasjon til grensesetting og tvang i fosterhjem undersøkes. iv) Det gjennomføres en kartlegging av hvilke forebyggende tiltak og støtteforanstaltninger fosterhjem mottar for å begrense bruken av tvang og uønsket grensesetting. v) Med utgangspunkt i gjeldende lover og forskrifter, samt funnene i rapporten, undersøkes det om den rettslige reguleringen av tvangsbruk i fosterhjem er tilstrekkelig. Basert på funnene i rapporten presenteres en rekke anbefalinger om bruk av grensesetting og tvang overfor barn som bor i fosterhjem. Rapporten bygger på et forskningsdesign som benytter både kvalitativ og kvantitativ metode. Det kvantitative materialet omfatter to nasjonale spørreundersøkelser til henholdsvis fosterforeldre og ledere av landets barnevernstjenester. Det kvalitative materialet omfatter intervjuer med følgende aktører: 1) barn og unge som bor, eller har bodd, i fosterhjem. 2) fosterforeldre, 3) ansatte i barnevernet, 4) tilsynspersoner og 5) ansatte hos statsforvalterne. Analytisk tas det utgangspunkt i den metodologiske og teoretiske retningen institusjonell etnografi, hvor sosiale fenomener undersøkes med et nedenfra-opp perspektiv. Dermed vektlegges perspektivet til aktørene og deres erfaringer og fortellinger forstås ut fra den institusjonelle konteksten de befinner seg i.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rapport</style></work-type></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>36</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tella Lantta</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Joy Duxbury</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alina Haines Delmot</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anna Bjørkdahl</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Models, frameworks and theories in the implementation of programs targeted to reduce formal coercion in mental health settings: a systematic review</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coercion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">coercive measures</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">implementation science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">implementation tool</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">intervention</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mental Health</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">psychiatric care</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">96/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychiatry/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1158145/full</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;troduction: Implementation models, frameworks and theories (hereafter tools) provide researchers and clinicians with an approach to understand the processes and mechanisms for the successful implementation of healthcare innovations. Previous research in mental health settings has revealed, that the implementation of coercion reduction programs presents a number of challenges. However, there is a lack of systematized knowledge of whether the advantages of implementation science have been utilized in this field of research. This systematic review aims to gain a better understanding of which tools have been used by studies when implementing programs aiming to reduce formal coercion in mental health settings, and what implementation outcomes they have reported. Methods: A systematic search was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science. A manual search was used to supplement database searches. Quality appraisal of included studies was undertaken using MMAT&amp;mdash;Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. A descriptive and narrative synthesis was formed based on extracted data. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed in this review. Results: We identified 5,295 references after duplicates were removed. Four additional references were found with a manual search. In total eight studies reported in nine papers were included in the review. Coercion reduction programs that were implemented included those that were holistic, and/or used professional judgement, staff training and sensory modulation interventions. Eight different implementation tools were identified from the included studies. None of them reported all eight implementation outcomes sought from the papers. The most frequently reported outcomes were acceptability (4/8 studies) and adaptation (3/8). With regards to implementation costs, no data were provided by any of the studies. The quality of the studies was assessed to be overall quite low. Discussion: Systematic implementation tools are seldom used when efforts are being made to embed interventions to reduce coercive measures in routine mental health care. More high-quality studies are needed in the research area that also involves perspectives of service users and carers. In addition, based on our review, it is unclear what the costs and resources are needed to implement complex interventions with the guidance of an implementation tool. Systematic review registration: [Prospero], identifier [CRD42021284959].&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Systematic Review</style></work-type></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Espen W Haugom</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bjørn Stensrud</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gro Beston</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Torleif Ruud</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anne S. Landheim</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Experiences of shared decision making among patients with psychotic disorders in Norway: a qualitative study</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BMC Psychiatry</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">psykose</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">samvalg</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shared decision making; mental health services; psychotic disorders; qualitative research</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">03/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8932170/</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;Shared decision making (SDM) is a process where the patient and the health professional collaborate to make decisions based on both the patient&amp;#39;s preferences and the best available evidence. Patients with psychotic disorders are less involved in making decisions than they would like. More knowledge of these patients&amp;#39; experiences of SDM may improve implementation. The study aim was to describe and explore experiences of SDM among patients with psychotic disorders in mental health care.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;Individual interviews were conducted with ten persons with a psychotic disorder. They were service users of two community mental health centres. The transcribed material was analysed using qualitative content analysis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;Four-fifths of the participants in this study found that they received insufficient information about their health situation and treatment options. All participants experienced that only one kind of treatment was often presented, which was usually medication. Although the study found that different degrees of involvement were practised, two thirds of the participants had little impact on choices to be made. This was despite the fact that they wanted to participate and felt capable of participating, even during periods of more severe illness. The participants described how important it was that SDM in psychosis was based on a trusting relationship, but stated that it took time to establish such a relationship.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;This study with ten participants indicates that patients with psychotic disorders experienced that they were not allowed to participate as much as they wanted to and believed they were capable of. Some patients were involved, but to a lesser degree than in SDM. More and better tailored information communicated within a trusting relationship is needed to provide psychotic patients with a better basis for active involvement in decisions about their health care.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Keywords:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;Shared decision making; mental health services; psychotic disorders; qualitative research.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></issue><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">erfaringsbaserte</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lickiewicz, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Piotrowicz, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Makara-Studzińska, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Colin R.Martin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Victor R. Preedy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vinood B. Patel</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Handbook of Anger, Aggression, and Violence</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-030-98711-4_65-1#chapter-info</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Springer Cham</style></publisher><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2480</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-3-030-98711-4</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;ul data-component=&quot;data-book-show-more&quot; data-test=&quot;unique-selling-points&quot; id=&quot;unique-selling-points&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;A detailed overview of the emotional, physical, and social implications of anger, aggression, and violence&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Covers a range of aggressive behaviors&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Includes Translational aspects: Applications of the material, Key Facts, Summary Points and Case studies&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>32</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maria Løvsletten</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Management of patients with outpatient commitment in the mental health services</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Det medisinske fakultet, UiO</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psykisk helsevern</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Samtykke</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TUD</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://bibsys-almaprimo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=BIBSYS_ILS71646654240002201&amp;context=L&amp;vid=UIO&amp;lang=no_NO&amp;search_scope=default_scope&amp;adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&amp;tab=default_tab&amp;query=any,contains,Management%20of%20pati</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UiO</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oslo</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Philosophiae Doctor (PhD)</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">113</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-82-348-0011-5</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Background&lt;br /&gt;This PhD project has examined how outpatient commitment (OC) decisions work. In Norway,&lt;br /&gt;the Mental Health Act provides the opportunity to use coercion in the treatment of people&lt;br /&gt;with mental disorder. Patients with OC decisions live in their own homes in the municipality,&lt;br /&gt;at the same time as they have a compulsory decision adopted by the specialist health service.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Aim&lt;br /&gt;The main issue for this PhD project has been to explore how the OC scheme works from a&lt;br /&gt;mental health service perspective. The PhD project has mapped the patient group receiving&lt;br /&gt;OC decisions. In addition, it has investigated how health personnel in mental health services&lt;br /&gt;experience follow-up and interaction with patients and across service levels.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Design and methods&lt;br /&gt;This PhD project consists of three sub-studies with different issues and different research&lt;br /&gt;designs using both quantitative and qualitative methods. These three sub-studies have resulted&lt;br /&gt;in three published papers.&lt;br /&gt;Sub-study 1 collected data from electronic patient records including all patients in two&lt;br /&gt;counties in Norway. The statistical methods used in this study were descriptive analysis, with&lt;br /&gt;frequency analysis and cross-tabulation analysis. The study mapped the patient group of 139&lt;br /&gt;patients who had received an OC decision from 2008 to 2012.&lt;br /&gt;Sub-study 2 collected data using an electronic questionnaire sent to healthcare personnel in&lt;br /&gt;the mental health services, who have experience with psychosis and OC decisions in two&lt;br /&gt;counties in Norway. There were 230 people who received the questionnaire and 84 of them&lt;br /&gt;answered the form. The groups were compared using cross-analysis, correlation analysis&lt;br /&gt;(Pearson&amp;rsquo;s r) and non-parametric Wilcoxon&amp;rsquo;s test (P &amp;le;0.05). The sample consisted of various&lt;br /&gt;health personnel from both small and large municipalities, and examined which tasks they had&lt;br /&gt;in follow-up of patients and how they collaborated with the specialist health services.&lt;br /&gt;Sub-study 3 This was a qualitative study collecting data through focus group interviews with&lt;br /&gt;health personnel from the municipal health service and specialist health services. The study&lt;br /&gt;explored their experiences with collaboration between municipalities and specialist health&lt;br /&gt;care services, for patients with an OC decision. The analysis followed the steps in qualitative&lt;br /&gt;content analysis inspired by Graneheim and Lundman.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Results&lt;br /&gt;The first sub-study revealed that the patient group receiving the OC decisions constituted a&lt;br /&gt;small group of patients in mental health care who had psychotic disorders, with the majority&lt;br /&gt;having a schizophrenia disorder. Most patients had received treatment in mental health care&lt;br /&gt;for 10 years before they received their first OC decision. They received parallel mental health&lt;br /&gt;services from both specialist health services and their own home municipality. Many patients&lt;br /&gt;lacked information about an individual plan (IP) and a contact person in the medical record.&lt;br /&gt;The second sub-study found that the health personnel gave the same follow-up to all patients&lt;br /&gt;with psychosis and OC decisions. However, patients who had OC decisions received fewer&lt;br /&gt;conversations about their medication. Many among the health personnel lacked up-to-date&lt;br /&gt;knowledge of the changes in the Mental Health Act in 2017. In addition, the study disclosed&lt;br /&gt;that the health personnel had varied experience of cooperation with the specialist health&lt;br /&gt;services.&lt;br /&gt;The third sub-study explored the health personnel experiences with follow-up of patients with&lt;br /&gt;OC decisions in municipal housing associations and district psychiatric centres (DPCs). The&lt;br /&gt;study disclosed that the health personnel related that they followed up patients with OC&lt;br /&gt;decisions in a different way to other patients, and felt more responsibility towards them. Thus,&lt;br /&gt;the altered rules for consent competence have made the work with OC decisions more&lt;br /&gt;demanding.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Conclusion&lt;br /&gt;All the sub-studies revealed a lack of interaction between the service levels. The&lt;br /&gt;responsibility for coordinating the follow-up of the patients with OC decisions on a daily&lt;br /&gt;basis appears to be unclear across service levels. The contact person&amp;#39;s role and IP have not&lt;br /&gt;functioned as a collaboration tool in accordance with the intention of the Mental Health Act&lt;br /&gt;and the Patient Rights Act. When an IP is lacking, there is a lack of an absence of clear user&lt;br /&gt;participation and of a rehabilitation perspective for the patients with OC decisions. The new&lt;br /&gt;legislation in the Mental Health Act in 2017, with a requirement for consent assessment&lt;br /&gt;before an OC decision, has changed the practice and the basis for making an OC decision.&lt;br /&gt;Therefore, if an OC decision can contribute to an improved process and function as intended&lt;br /&gt;in the law, the decisions must contain more than the control of the decision. These findings&lt;br /&gt;show that the laws are not currently applied, which is ethically worrying.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sammendrag&lt;br /&gt;Bakgrunn&lt;br /&gt;Dette PhD prosjektet har utforsket hvordan ordningen med tvang uten døgnopphold (TUD)&lt;br /&gt;fungerer i Norge. I Norge gir Psykisk helsevernloven muligheten til å bruke tvang ved&lt;br /&gt;oppfølgingen av pasienter med psykisk lidelser som bor i sitt eget hjem i kommunen, samtidig&lt;br /&gt;som de har tvangsvedtak fra spesialisthelsetjenesten.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Formål&lt;br /&gt;Målet for dette PhD prosjektet har vært å utforske hvordan TUD ordningen fungerer ut i fra et&lt;br /&gt;psykisk helsetjenesteperspektiv. PhD prosjektet har kartlagt pasientgruppen med TUD vedtak,&lt;br /&gt;og undersøkt hvilken oppfølging pasientene får og hvordan samarbeidet mellom kommuner&lt;br /&gt;og spesialisthelsetjenesten fungerer.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Design og metoder&lt;br /&gt;Dette PhD-prosjektet består av tre delstudier med forskjellige problemstillinger og forskjellige&lt;br /&gt;forskningsdesign og har benyttet både kvantitativ og kvalitativ metode. De tre delstudiene har&lt;br /&gt;resultert i tre publiserte artikler.&lt;br /&gt;Delstudie 1 inkluderte 139 pasienter fra to fylker i Norge med TUD vedtak. Data ble samlet&lt;br /&gt;inn fra elektroniske pasientjournaler og inkluderte alle pasienter med TUD vedtak fra 2008&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;t.o.m. 2012. Studien hadde et deskriptivt design og det ble benyttet frekvensanalyse og kryss-&lt;br /&gt;tabellanalyse.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Delstudie 2 samlet inn data ved hjelp av et elektronisk spørreskjema sendt til helsepersonell i&lt;br /&gt;kommunale psykiske helsetjeneste i to fylker i Norge, som hadde erfaring med pasienter med&lt;br /&gt;psykose og TUD vedtak. Det var 230 personer som mottok spørreskjemaet, og 84 personer&lt;br /&gt;besvarte skjemaet. Gruppene ble sammenlignet ved bruk av kryssanalyse, korrelasjonsanalyse&lt;br /&gt;(Pearson&amp;rsquo;s r) og ikke-parametrisk Wilcoxon&amp;rsquo;s test (P &amp;le;0.05). Utvalget besto av helsepersonell&lt;br /&gt;fra både små og store kommuner, og det ble undersøkt hvordan de fulgte opp pasientene i&lt;br /&gt;kommunene og hvordan de samarbeidet med spesialisthelsetjenesten.&lt;br /&gt;Delstudie 3 er en kvalitativ studie som samlet inn data gjennom fokusgruppeintervjuer med&lt;br /&gt;helsepersonell fra kommunale bofelleskap og spesialisthelsetjenesten. Studien utforsket deres&lt;br /&gt;erfaringer med samarbeid mellom kommuner og spesialisthelsetjeneste for pasienter med&lt;br /&gt;TUD vedtak. Analysen fulgte trinnene til kvalitativ innholdsanalyse etter Graneheim og&lt;br /&gt;Lundman.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Resultater&lt;br /&gt;Den første delstudien viste at pasientgruppen som har TUD vedtak, utgjør en liten&lt;br /&gt;pasientgruppe i psykisk helsevern med psykose lidelser, hvor de fleste hadde en&lt;br /&gt;schizofrenilidelse. De fleste pasientene hadde hatt oppfølging for sine psykiske&lt;br /&gt;helseproblemer i 10 år før de fikk sitt første TUD vedtak. Pasientene mottok parallelle&lt;br /&gt;psykiske helsetjenester fra både spesialisthelsetjenesten og sin egen hjemkommune. Mange&lt;br /&gt;pasienter manglet informasjon om individuell plan (IP) og hvem fra spesialisthelsetjenesten&lt;br /&gt;som var kontaktperson i pasientjournalen.&lt;br /&gt;Den andre delstudien viste at helsepersonell gir samme oppfølging til alle pasienter med&lt;br /&gt;psykotiske lidelser uansett om de hadde et TUD vedtak eller ikke. Men, pasienter med TUD&lt;br /&gt;vedtak fikk færre samtaler om medisiner. Mange blant helsepersonellet manglet oppdatert&lt;br /&gt;kunnskap om endringene i Psykisk helsevernloven fra 2017. Helsepersonellet i kommunene&lt;br /&gt;erfarte utfordringer knyttet til samarbeid mellom helsepersonell på ulike tjenestenivåer. IP ble&lt;br /&gt;sjelden brukt og fungerte bare i varierende grad som et samhandlingsverktøy.&lt;br /&gt;Den tredje delstudien har undersøkt helsepersonells erfaringer med oppfølging av pasienter&lt;br /&gt;med TUD vedtak i kommunale borettslag og distrikt psykiatriske senter (DPS). De svarte at&lt;br /&gt;de fulgte opp pasienter med TUD vedtak på en annen måte enn andre pasienter, og følte mer&lt;br /&gt;ansvar overfor dem. Lovendringen i Psykisk helsevernloven fra 2017, med krav om&lt;br /&gt;samtykkevurdering før TUD vedtak, har gjort arbeidet med TUD vedtak mer krevende.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Konklusjon&lt;br /&gt;Alle delstudiene viste manglende samhandling mellom tjenestenivåene. Informasjon om&lt;br /&gt;kontaktpersonen i spesialisthelsetjenesten manglet for mange pasienter. Ansvaret for&lt;br /&gt;koordinering av oppfølgingen av pasientene med TUD vedtak mellom tjenestenivåer ser ut til&lt;br /&gt;å være uklar, og IP fungerer ikke som et samarbeidsverktøy i samsvar med intensjonen i&lt;br /&gt;Psykisk helsevernloven og Pasientrettighetsloven. Når en IP mangler, mangler et tydelig&lt;br /&gt;brukermedvirkning og rehabiliteringsperspektiv for pasienter med TUD vedtak.&lt;br /&gt;Den nye lovendringen i Psykisk helsevernloven fra 2017, med krav om samtykkevurdering&lt;br /&gt;har endret praksis og grunnlag for å gjøre TUD vedtak.&lt;br /&gt;Hvis TUD vedtak skal bidra til bedring som loven tilsier, må TUD vedtaket inneholde mer&lt;br /&gt;enn å kontrollere vedtakene. Dette PhD prosjektet viser at noen av lovbestemmelsene ikke&lt;br /&gt;brukes, noe som er etisk bekymringsfullt.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Doctor Thesis</style></work-type></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jaakko Varpula</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maritta Välimäki,</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Johanna Pulkkinen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tella Lantta</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Patient Falls in Seclusion Rooms in Psychiatric Inpatient Care: A Sociotechnical Probabilistic Risk Modeling Study</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Nursing Care Quality</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">accidental falls</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hospital psychiatric department</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inpatients</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">patient safety</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">risk assessment</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9944373/pdf/jncqu-38-190.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ABSTRACT Background:&lt;/strong&gt; Patient falls are a major adverse event in psychiatric inpatient care. Purpose: To model the risk for patient falls in seclusion rooms in psychiatric inpatient care.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Sociotechnical probabilistic risk assessment (ST-PRA) was used to model the risk for falls. Data sources were the research team, literature review, and exploration groups of psychiatric nurses. Data were analyzed with fault tree analysis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results&lt;/strong&gt;: The risk for a patient fall in a seclusion room was 1.8%. Critical paths included diagnosis of a psychiatric disorder, the mechanism of falls, failure to assess and prevent falls, and psychological or physical reason. The most significant individual risk factor for falls was diagnosis of schizophrenia.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Falls that occur in seclusion events are associated with physical and psychological risk factors. Therefore, risk assessment methods and fall prevention interventions considering patient behavioral disturbance and physiological risk factors in seclusion are warranted.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arne Lillelien</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jørgen Strand</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inger Hilde Vik</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trude Wallin Haugen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan Hammer</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Basal eksponeringsterapi hjelper pasienter med alvorlige psykiske lidelser</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sykepleien</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Basal Eksponerings Terapi</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BET</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reduksjon av tvang</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://sykepleien.no/fag/2021/08/basal-eksponeringsterapi-hjelper-pasienter-med-alvorlige-psykiske-lidelser</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">109</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hovedbudskap&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ønsket om en verdiforankret praksis er tett knyttet til nasjonale og internasjonale føringer. Seksjon for basal eksponeringsterapi (BET-seksjonen) ved Blakstad sykehus i Vestre Viken HF har verdiforankret både driften og behandlingen. Det har ført til lovende behandlingsresultater og bedre ressursutnyttelse i et helseøkonomisk perspektiv. Både FN og Verdens helseorganisasjon berømmer seksjonen for tilbudet de gir til mennesker med alvorlige og sammensatte helseutfordringer.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">annet</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>27</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arnhild Lauveng</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anders Skuterud</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bruk av tvang innen psykisk helsevern  – erfaringer fra pasienter, pårørende og ansatte</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">erfaringer</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Erfaringskunnskap</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reduksjon av tvang</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">08/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://erfaringskompetanse.no/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Tvangsrapporten_2021.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nasjonalt senter for erfaringskompetanse innen psykisk helse</style></publisher><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-82-93171-48-5</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Nasjonalt senter for erfaringskompetanse innen psykisk helse har gjennomført en undersøkelse om pasienters, pårørendes og ansattes erfaringer med tvang innen psykisk helsevern.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Undersøkelsen bestod hovedsakelig av flervalgsspørsmål, med ett åpent spørsmål til slutt. Vi fikk svar fra totalt 512 personer, fordelt på seks ulike informantgrupper, med ulik erfaringsbakgrunn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Det var en del tydelige forskjeller mellom gruppene, med det var også forhold gruppene vurderte nokså likt, i tillegg til at det var tydelige forskjeller innad i hver enkelt gruppe.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;raquo; Pasientinformantene som selv hadde opplevd tvang var tydelige på at tvang opplevdes skadelig. Mange fortalte om store og vedvarende belastninger, og et flertall mente mye tvang burde kunne forebygges.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;raquo; Samtidig var det også pasienter som beskrev tvang som nødvendig og hensiktsmessig.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;raquo; Flertallet av pårørendeinformantene beskrev tvang som nødvendig i dagens situasjon. Et mindretall ønsket mindre bruk av tvang. &amp;raquo; Samtidig ønsket mange pårørende mer helhetlig behandling, mer forebygging og mer frivillig behandling for å redusere bruken av tvang.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;raquo; Mange ansatte uttrykte stor bekymring for situasjonen innen psykisk helsevern hvis det skulle bli vanskeligere enn i dag å benytte tvang. &amp;raquo; Det var imidlertid også flere ansatte som mente at tvang kunne forebygges, og at bruk av tvang i stor grad avhang av rammene for behandlingen, inkludert tid, ressurser, kompetanse og fysiske forhold.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;raquo; Det varierte mellom gruppene hvilke former for tvang de anså som mest skadelige, og hvor skadelig de vurderte tvang til å være, sett i forhold til opplevd nytte.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;raquo; Det varierte også mellom gruppene hvor skadelig de opplevde mangelen på bruk av tvang.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;raquo; Informanter i alle grupper var imidlertid enige om at tvang er skadelig, og i en del tilfeller gir alvorlige skader.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Oppsummert gir undersøkelsen et inntrykk av en tjeneste som har gjort seg avhengig av bruk av tvang for å fungere innen dagens rammevilkår. Samtidig har denne tvangen til dels svært alvorlige konsekvenser for mange pasienter, og kan noen ganger også være i strid med grunnleggende menneskrettigheter. Det er sannsynlig at bruken av tvang kan reduseres betraktelig. Det er også sannsynlig at bruken av den mest skadelige tvangen kan reduseres eller fjernes, selv i de tilfellene det er nødvendig å bruke noe tvang.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dette krever imidlertid at tjenestene, både kommunene og spesialisthelsetjenesten, får tilstrekkelige rammebetingelser til å arbeide på andre måter, og å utvikle en tjeneste som ikke er avhengig av tvang for å fungere, på den måten dagens tjenester er.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rapport</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">erfaringsbaserte</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oda Martine Leirvik</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">En undersøkelse av hvordan psykiatriske pasienter ønsker å bli ivaretatt gjennom bruk av mekaniske tvangsmidler i psykisk helsevern En litteraturstudie basert på pasienters egne erfaringer, hentet fra nyere forskning</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Autonomi</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">autonomy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">care</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coercion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mechanical restraint</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mekaniske tvangsmidler</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mental health care</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">omsorg</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pasientopplevelse</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">patient experience</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psykisk helsevern</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvang</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://ntnuopen.ntnu.no/ntnu-xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/2783458/no.ntnu%3ainspera%3a81471222%3a34436998.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NTNU, Institutt for psykisk helse</style></publisher><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Vernepleiere kan med loven i hånden bruke mekaniske tvangsmidler overfor pasienter i tvungent psykisk helsevern om det ikke er noen annen utvei. Pasienter som opplever bruken av mekaniske tvangsmidler, er allerede sårbare og kjenner på et stort tap av autonomi når de blir utsatt for disse. Oppgavens hensikt er å undersøke hvordan psykiatriske pasienter ønsker å bli ivaretatt gjennom en opplevelse med mekaniske tvangsmidler. En vernepleier har en sentral rolle i utøvelse av tvang, samt ved ivaretakelse av pasienten gjennom hele prosessen. Metoden er litteraturstudie, og problemstillingen belyses ved hjelp av seks utvalgte forskningsartikler av nyere dato. Resultatene fra denne bacheloroppgaven tyder på at vernepleierens væremåte, tilstedeværelse og kommunikasjon er viktige faktorer for ivaretakelse under mekanisk tvang. Å ivareta pasientens rettigheter kommer også frem som viktig for å føle på omsorg fra vernepleieren i en situasjon med mekaniske tvangsmidler.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;English summary:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Social educators can, with the law in hand, use mechanical coercive measures against patients in compulsory mental health care if there is no other way out. Patients who experience the use of mechanical coercive measures are already vulnerable and feel a great loss of autonomy when they are exposed to these. The purpose of the thesis is to investigate how psychiatric patients want to be cared for through an experience with mechanical coercive measures. A social educator has a central role in the exercise of coercion, as well as in caring for the patient throughout the process. The method is a literature study, and the problem is elucidated with the help of six selected research articles of recent date. The results from this bachelor thesis indicate that the social educator&amp;#39;s manner, presence and communication are important factors for care under mechanical coercion. Protecting the patient&amp;#39;s rights also emerges as important for feeling cared for by the social educator in a situation with mechanical coercive measures.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvangsmidler</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gabriela Miranda</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maria Gabrielle Lind</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Omsorg under bruk av mekanisk tvang innen psykisk helsevern</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">belter</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mekaniske tvangsmidler</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">omsorg</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://hvlopen.brage.unit.no/hvlopen-xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/2761647/Lind_Miranda.pdf?sequence=2&amp;isAllowed=y</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Høgskulen på Vestlandet, bachelor i vernepleie</style></publisher><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Within mental health care, there are several coercive measures. We have chosen to focus on mechanical restraint, which can be seen as the most intrusive coercive measure patients can experience. Therefore, our issue was the following: &amp;rsquo;&amp;rsquo;How can the social worker provide the best possible care to the patient in situations where mechanical restraint is used during mental health care&amp;rsquo;&amp;rsquo;. In this task the user perspective is the main focus. As methods we searched for literature on the issue and used qualitative interviews.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Using these methods, we found many factors that affect the experience of mechanical restraint. This included communication, presence, recognition, respect, understanding and empathy from staff who were in the situation with them. We have discussed the results from our selected article: &amp;laquo;Variables Associated With the Subjective Experience of Coercive Measures in Psychiatric Inpatients: A Systematic Review&amp;raquo;. We have also used various literature books. Finally, we will provide a summary and conclusion.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bacheloroppgave</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvangsmidler</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heidi Ø. Gundersen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marthe Litschi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Politi og ambulanse – samhandling ved tvangsinnleggelse: En teoretisk oppgave</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ambulanse</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">politi</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">samhandling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://phs.brage.unit.no/phs-xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/2754766/bachelor_Gundersen_Litschi.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Politihøgskolen</style></publisher><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;I denne oppgaven vil vi først beskrive utgangspunktet for hvorfor vi har valgt dette temaet og hvilke avgrensninger vi har gjort, før vi i hoveddelen går videre på hvordan vi har innhentet kilder og drøftelse. Vi skal ta for oss samhandlingen mellom politi og ambulanse ved tvangsinnleggelse av psykisk syke, sett fra en politifaglig side. Vi har derfor kommet frem til følgende problemstilling:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;ldquo;Hvordan kan politiets samhandling med ambulansen påvirke oppdragsløsning ved tvangsinnleggelse?&amp;rdquo;&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bacheloroppgave</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kristin Leistad</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rettslig grunnlag for frihetsberøvelse ved «ikke-etableringer» i psykisk helsevern</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ikke-etablering</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">underkjenning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://munin.uit.no/bitstream/handle/10037/22183/thesis.pdf?sequence=2&amp;isAllowed=y</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UiT, juridisk fakultet</style></publisher><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Bakgrunnen for oppgaven er en rapport fra helsedirektoratet om tvang i psykisk helsevern etter lovendringene i 2017. Av rapporten fremkommer det at det gjennomføres et betydelig antall av såkalte &amp;laquo;ikke-etableringer&amp;raquo; i forbindelse med etablering av tvungen observasjon og tvungent psykisk helsevern. Oppgaven undersøker det rettslige grunnlaget for ikke-etableringer. Det er to spørsmål som aktualiserer seg i denne forbindelse. For det første hva slags krav som må stilles til en hjemmel for frihetsberøvelse i forbindelse med ikke-etableringer og for det andre hva som kan være grunnlag for slik frihetsberøvelse?&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mastergradsoppgave</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">etikk</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>27</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tora Benedicte Svare Leinan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Katie Iren Wickstrøm</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dagfinn Bjørgen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geir Småvik</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvang uten døgnopphold - &quot;Tvang som rutine?&quot;</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">erfaringer</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TUD</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvungent vern uten døgnopphold</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">08/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://kbtkompetanse.no/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Hovedrapport_Nettversjon_TUD_2021.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kompetansesenter for brukererfaring og tjenesteutvikling (KBT) </style></publisher><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Mål for prosjektet Overordnet mål for prosjektet var å få mer kunnskap om hva informantene som er, eller har vært underlagt vedtak om Tvungent psykisk helsevern uten døgnopphold (TUD) mener alternativet kan være; hvordan de opplever TUD, hva de trenger hjelp til, hva de savnet av hjelp som alternativ til tvang. Prosjektet hadde også som intensjon å inkludere pårørendeperspektivet, men av ulike årsaker lot dette seg ikke gjøre, så prosjektet omhandler derfor kun informasjon fra pasienter med erfaring fra TUD, tvang uten døgnopphold. Disse vil i det videre kalles for informanter. Målet var også å ev. finne svar på hvorfor pasienter ikke frivillig tok imot hjelpen som ble tilbudt dem, slik at tvungent psykisk helsevern uten døgnopphold ble det valgte tiltak. Hensikten var i utgangspunktet å løfte frem både pasienters og pårørendes erfaringer/anbefalinger om hva som kan bidra til reduksjon i tvangsbruk. I denne rapporten har vi som sagt kun hentet erfaringer fra pasientene. Problemstilling Hvordan kan helseforetaket gi nødvendig helsehjelp til pasienter som ikke frivillig vil ta imot den hjelpen helsetjenesten tilbyr.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rapport</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tud</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Løvsletten, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Husum, T. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haug, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Granerud, A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cooperation in the mental health treatment of patients with outpatient commitment</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SAGE Open Medicine</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Outpatient commitment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TUD</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">05/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://doi.org/10.1177/2050312120926410</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;h2&gt;Background:&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Patients with outpatient commitment have a decision on coercive treatment from the specialist health services even if they are in their own home and receive municipal health services.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2&gt;Objective:&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;The aim of this study is to gain more knowledge about how the outpatient commitment system works in the municipal health service and specialist health services, and how they collaborate with patients and across service levels from the perspectives of healthcare professionals.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2&gt;Methods:&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;This is a qualitative study collecting data through focus group interviews with health personnel from the municipal health service and specialist health services.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2&gt;Results:&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;The results describe the health personnel&amp;rsquo;s experiences with follow-up and interactions with the patients with outpatient commitment decisions, and their experiences with collaboration between service levels.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;The study show that outpatient commitment makes a difference in the way patients with this decision are followed up. The legislative amendment with new requirements for consent competence was challenging. Collaboration between services levels was also challenging.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TUD</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lindefjeld, RMEW</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hva styrer bruk av tvang?</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forklare</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">forstå</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">spiseforstyrrelse</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvang</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsmidler</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">09/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://hdl.handle.net/10852/79937</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UiO, Helseledelse og helseøkonomi</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oslo</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Min hovedmotivasjon for å skrive denne oppgaven er å rette et søkelys mot bruk av tvang innen psykisk helsevern, undersøke om tvangsbruken har økt de siste årene, og forsøke å gi noen forklaringer på hvilke faktorer som styrer bruk av tvang. Myndighetene har de seneste år nedlagt en betydelig innsats for å redusere bruk av tvang. Observasjoner gjort på eget arbeidssted tyder imidlertid på at dette ikke har skjedd, og at den kanskje har økt. I denne oppgaven har jeg forsøkt å se nærmere om disse observasjonene stemmer, og i så fall hvordan økningen kan forklares. I dette arbeidet har jeg gått gjennom litteraturstudier både på nasjonalt og internasjonalt nivå, for å se om det har vært en generell tendens til økning av bruk av tvang i psykisk helsevern i Norge og øvrige land. I tillegg til litteratursøk har jeg brukt data fra den institusjonen jeg jobber som spesialist og leder. Alle tvangsdata fra pasientene innlagt på institusjonen de siste 10 årene har blitt analysert for å finne ut om observasjonen om at bruk av tvang har økt, stemmer. Konklusjonen er at tvangsbruken ser ut til å ha økt. I de siste kapitlene har jeg forsøkt å gi noen forklaringer på trenden som har blitt funnet. Kategoriseringen av disse ulike forklaringer har blitt funnet i litteraturen, og har blitt vurdert hvorvidt og eventuelt på hvilke måter, de kan være relevante for å forklare utviklingen på egen institusjon. Til slutt har jeg trukket frem en forklaring som jeg tenker er særlig interessant, ikke minst på grunn av det rommet for faglig skjønn som finnes i psykisk helsevern. Denne oppgaven vil forhåpentlig bidra til en bedre forståelse av ulike faktorer som styrer bruk av tvunget psykisk helsevern, og kan derfor bidra med å øke generell kunnskap om bruk av tvunget psykisk helsevern.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Master Thesis</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvangsmidler</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Øvregard, MTDS</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lie, AK</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kriterier for tvangsinnleggelse – endringer fra 1848 til i dag</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tidsskrift for Den Norske Laegeforening</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">historisk</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">kriterier</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">03/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://tidsskriftet.no/2020/03/medisinsk-historie/kriterier-tvangsinnleggelse-endringer-fra-1848-til-i-dag</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;h3&gt;BAKGRUNN&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tvang og tvangsinnleggelse i psykiatrien har de siste årene blitt gjenstand for stor debatt. Sommeren 2019 kom det forslag til en ny lov, tvangsbegrensningsloven, som skal samle all lovgivning om tvang under én lov. Blir loven vedtatt, vil det bli et likt rammeverk for bruk av tvang både i somatikken og i psykiatrien. På bakgrunn av dette ønsket vi å undersøke hvordan tvangsinnleggelse har blitt problematisert, debattert og lovfestet tidligere.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALE OG METODE&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Vi har sett på de tre sentrale lovene (og forarbeidene til disse) som er vedtatt innen psykisk helsevern i Norge. Særskilt har vi tatt for oss kriteriene for tvangsinnleggelse, som vi har prøvd å forstå i lys av sin samtid.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTATER OG FORTOLKNING&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Selve tvangslovgivningen beholdt mange grunnleggende trekk fra 1848 via 1961 til 1999, selv om holdningene til tvang endret seg. Lovendringen fra 2017 viser imidlertid en betydelig endring i synet på tvang i psykisk helsevern. Hvis tvangsbegrensningsloven blir vedtatt, vil tvungent psykisk helsevern ikke lenger reguleres i et separat lovverk.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvangsinnleggelse</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Løvsletten, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Husum, T. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Granerud, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haug, E.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Outpatient commitment in mental health services from a municipal view</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Int. Journal of Law and Psychiatry</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Community Treatment Order</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CTO</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">kommune</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Outpatient commitment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primærhelsetjeneste</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TUD</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvungent psykisk helsevern uten døgnopphold</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">03/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0160252720300108?dgcid=author</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">69</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;h3 id=&quot;st0010&quot;&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p id=&quot;sp0025&quot;&gt;Outpatient commitment (OC) is a legal decision for compulsory mental health care when the patient stays in his or her own home. Municipal health-care workers have a key role for patients with OC decision, but little is known about how the legislation system with OC works from the municipality&amp;#39;s point of view.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 id=&quot;st0015&quot;&gt;Method&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p id=&quot;sp0030&quot;&gt;The present study has a quantitative descriptive design using an electronic questionnaire sent to health-care workers in the municipalities that participated. The study included health-care workers from the mental health services in two counties in Norway who have experience with psychosis and OC decisions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 id=&quot;st0020&quot;&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p id=&quot;sp0035&quot;&gt;There were 230 people who received the questionnaire. The sample consisted of various health professionals from both small and large municipalities.The results show which tasks they have in follow-up of patients in the municipalities.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 id=&quot;st0025&quot;&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p id=&quot;sp0040&quot;&gt;From the municipality&amp;#39;s point of view, there are no significant differences in follow-up for patients with or without an OC decision, apart from conversations about medication. An individual plan is rarely used to facilitate follow-up, although this is the statutory right of patients with OC decisions. The health-care workers lack knowledge and education about the OC scheme. The cooperation between municipalities and the specialist health-care services is not clearly defined.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TUD</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>36</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Linvåg, Mia Ormseth</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvang og makt i akuttpsykiatrien</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">akuttpsykiatri</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holdninger</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">makt</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">relasjoner</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvang</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">07/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2663768</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NTNU, Institutt for psykisk helse</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trondheim</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Bakgrunn: Tvangsmidler og skjerming i psykisk helsevern for voksne i Norge har i perioden 2015-2018 gått opp. Tvang blir ofte brukt for å forebygge vold og aggresjon og ikke som behandling. Tvang vil kunne medføre negative effekter for pasienten, som gjør at forebygging er viktig.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hensikt: Å undersøke om fagutøveres holdninger og deres relasjonskompetanse kan bidra som forebyggende faktor for bruk av tvang og makt i akuttpsykiatrien.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Metode: Litteraturstudie er benyttet som metode. Systematiske, strukturerte litteratursøk ble utført. Det er 5 vitenskapelige artikler inkludert av nyere forskningslitteratur.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Resultat: Funn fra de utvalgte artiklene belyser hvordan holdninger og relasjonskompetanse kan virke forebyggende mot tvang og makt i akuttpsykiatrien. Studien resulterte i 4 hovedtemaer:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;1. holdninger og verdier vil påvirke hvordan fagutøvere forholder til og opptrer i samhandling med pasienten&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;2. nære relasjoner mellom fagutøvere og pasienter vil skape tillit&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;3. et helhetlig menneskesyn vil bidra til å se mennesket bak diagnosen&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;4. autonomi og brukermedvirkning vil bidra til mindre aggresjon og økt selvfølelse&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Konklusjon: Nærhet i relasjoner mellom pasienter og fagutøvere vil bidra til mer positivisme i fagutøveres holdninger. Nære relasjoner vil også skape et mer helhetlig syn på pasienten, og føre til at fagutøvere ønsker å søke hva som ligger bak en utagerende handling snarere enn å kun se på handlingen i seg selv. Dette kan virke som en forebyggende faktor ved bruk av tvang i akuttpsykiatrien.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Abstract&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Title: Coercion and force in acute psychiatry&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Keywords: coercion, force, acute psychiatry, relationship, attitude&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Background: Coercive measures and shielding in mental health care for adults in Norway have increased in the period from 2015 to 2018. Coercion is often used to prevent violence and aggression behavior, and not as a treatment. Coercion could carry negative effects for the patient, which makes it important to prevent.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Purpose: To investigate how relation competence and attitudes amoung the staff can impact the coercion.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Method: This is a literature based study where a structured, systematic search of literature was used.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Results: Findings from the selected articles indentifed how attitudes and relation competence can be effective in preventing coercing and forcing in the acute psychiatry. The study resulted in 4 main themes:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;1. attitudes and values will influence how the staff relates to and acts in the interaction with the patient.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;2. closeness in relationships between the staff and the patient will create trust&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;3. a holistic view of the patient will be usefull for the staff and help them to see the person behind the disease.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;4. autonomy and complicity for the patient will contribute to less aggression and increase self-esteem&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Conclusion: Proximity in relationships between the staff and the patien will contribute to more positivism to the attitudes among the staff. It will altso create a more holistic view of the patient and make the staff seek what is behind an act and not just point at the act itself. This can act as a preventive factor toward using coercion in acute psychiatry.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bachelor Thesis</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvangsinnleggelse, tvangsmidler</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reidar Larsen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Å forebygge bruk av tvangsmidler i psykisk helsevern</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">forebygge</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psykisk helsevern</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsmidler</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://vid.brage.unit.no/vid-xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/2612868/Bacheloroppgave%20-%202019%20v%C3%A5r%20-%20Larsen,%20Reidar.pdf?sequence=1</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VID vitenskapelige høgskole</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oslo</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Bakgrunn: Det er et uttalt mål å redusere bruken av tvang i psykisk helsevern. Hensikt: Hensikten med oppgaven er å finne ut hvordan sykepleiere kan bidra til å forebygge bruk av tvangsmidler i psykisk helsevern. Metode: Denne oppgaven er en litterær oppgave med kvalitativt orientert metode. Det er blitt benyttet lærebøker, fagbøker, lovparagrafer og forskningsartikler i forbindelse med oppgaven. Forskningen blir vurdert i lys av Travelbees teoretiske perspektiver. Resultat: Forskningen fremhever kommunikasjon og relasjonsarbeid, deeskalering og debrifing som virkemidler sykepleier kan benytte seg av for å forebygge bruk av tvangsmidler. Konklusjon: Å se hele mennesket, likeverdig kommunikasjon og deeskalering er tiltak som sykepleier bør trene opp og ta initiativ til å benytte for å styrke relasjon og forebygge bruk av tvangsmidler. Debrifing kan benyttes i etterkant av situasjoner for å reparere relasjonen og forebygge videre bruk av tvangsmidler.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bachelor Thesis</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsmidler</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Henriette Riley</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ekaterina Sharashova</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jorun Rugkåsa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olav Nyttingnes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tore Buer Christensen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ann-Torunn Andersen Austegard</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maria Løvsletten</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bjørn Lau</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Georg Høyer</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Out-patient commitment order use in Norway: incidence and prevalence rates, duration and use of mental health services from the Norwegian Outpatient Commitment Study</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BJPsych Open</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Community Treatment Order</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">OCT</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Outpatient commitment</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">09/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0160252718301900</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;h3 id=&quot;sec_a1title&quot;&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p id=&quot;__p1&quot;&gt;Norway authorised out-patient commitment in 1961, but there is a lack of representative and complete data on the use of out-patient commitment orders.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 id=&quot;sec_a2title&quot;&gt;Aims&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p id=&quot;__p2&quot;&gt;To establish the incidence and prevalence rates on the use of out-patient commitment in Norway, and how these vary across service areas. Further, to study variations in out-patient commitment across service areas, and use of in-patient services before and after implementation of out-patient commitment orders. Finally, to identify determinants for the duration of out-patient commitment orders and time to readmission.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 id=&quot;sec_a3title&quot;&gt;Method&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p id=&quot;__p3&quot;&gt;Retrospective case register study based on medical files of all patients with an out-patient commitment order in 2008&amp;ndash;2012 in six catchment areas in Norway, covering one-third of the Norwegian population aged 18 years or more. For a subsample of patients, we recorded use of in-patient care 3 years before and after their first-ever out-patient commitment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 id=&quot;sec_a4title&quot;&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p id=&quot;__p4&quot;&gt;Annual incidence varied between 20.7 and 28.4, and prevalence between 36.5 and 48.9, per 100 000 population aged 18 years or above. Rates differed significantly between catchment areas. Mean out-patient commitment duration was 727 days (s.d. = 889). Use of in-patient care decreased significantly in the 3 years after out-patient commitment compared with the 3 years before. Use of antipsychotic medication through the whole out-patient commitment period and fewer in-patient episodes in the 3 years before out-patient commitment predicted longer time to readmission.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 id=&quot;sec_a5title&quot;&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p id=&quot;__p5&quot;&gt;Mechanisms behind the pronounced variations in use of out-patient commitment between sites call for further studies. Use of in-patient care was significantly reduced in the 3 years after a first-ever out-patient commitment order was made.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 id=&quot;sec_a6title&quot;&gt;Declaration of interest&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p id=&quot;__p6&quot;&gt;None.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sep; 5(5): e75</style></issue><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TUD</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Torkil Berge</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kjersti Sunniva Bjøntegård</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Petter Ekern</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martin Furan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nils Inge Landrø</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grete J. Sølvberg Larsen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kåre Osnes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inger Selvaag</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anne Helene Vedlog</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coercive mental health care – dilemmas in the decision-making process</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelser</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvungent psykisk helsevern</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">08/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://tidsskriftet.no/en/2018/08/originalartikkel/coercive-mental-health-care-dilemmas-decision-making-process</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;The use of coercive mental health care contravenes the principle of voluntary examination and treatment. However, it should be possible for persons at acute risk to receive imperative health assistance.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIAL AND METHOD&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;After evaluating 37 emergency interviews in psychiatric outpatient clinics where the use of coercive mental health care was considered, interviews were conducted with psychiatric triage clinicians.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;The study includes interviews that resulted in involuntary hospitalisation (n = 15), coerced observation (n = 2), voluntary hospitalisation (n = 14) and follow-up by the outpatient clinic (n = 6). Important factors in assessing the use of coercion were the severity of psychotic symptoms, suicide risk and risk for others, and difficult social circumstances. Three-quarters of psychiatric triage clinicians were in some degree of doubt, and 16 out of 37 experienced uneasiness during the assessment. With a view to enhancing the patient&amp;rsquo;s perception of having been met with respect, the triage clinicians emphasised the need for the patient&amp;rsquo;s opinion to be heard. Where the triage clinicians were in doubt, a number of professional and ethical issues were highlighted in the process of reaching a decision.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;DISCUSSION&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Latitude should be given for ethical and professional reflection in relation to assessing the use of coercion in daily clinical practice, as well as training in measures to reinforce patients&amp;rsquo; experience of participation during the interview.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvangsinnleggelse</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stuen, HK</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landheim, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rugkåsa, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wynn, R</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">How clinicians make decisions about CTOs in ACT: a qualitative study</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Journal of  Mental Health Systems</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ACT</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Community Treatment Order</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CTO</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://ijmhs.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13033-018-0230-2</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND:&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;The first 12 Norwegian assertive community treatment (ACT) teams were piloted from 2009 to 2011. Of the 338 patients included during the teams&amp;#39; first year of operation, 38% were subject to community treatment orders (CTOs). In Norway as in many other Western countries, the use of CTOs is relatively high despite lack of robust evidence for their effectiveness. The purpose of the present study was to explore how responsible clinicians reason and make decisions about the&amp;nbsp;continued use of CTOs, recall to hospital and the&amp;nbsp;discontinuation of CTOs within an ACT setting.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h4&gt;METHODS:&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;p&gt;Semi-structured interviews with eight responsible clinicians combined with patient case files and observations of treatment planning meetings. The data were analysed using a modified grounded theory approach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h4&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;p&gt;The participants emphasized that being part of a multidisciplinary team with shared caseload responsibility that provides intensive services over long periods of time allowed for more nuanced assessments and more flexible treatment solutions on CTOs. The treatment criterion was typically used to justify the need for CTO. There was substantial variation in the responsible clinicians&amp;#39; legal interpretation of dangerousness, and some clinicians applied the dangerousness criterion more than others.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h4&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;p&gt;According to the clinicians, many patients subject to CTOs were referred from hospitals and high security facilities, and decisions regarding the continuation of CTOs typically involved multiple and interacting risk factors. While patients&amp;#39; need for treatment was most often applied to justify the need for CTOs, in some cases the&amp;nbsp;use of CTOs was described as a tool to contain dangerousness and prevent harm.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">51</style></issue><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TUD</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tonje Lossius Husum</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elisa Legernes</style></author></secondary-authors><tertiary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reidar Pedersen</style></author></tertiary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&quot;A plea for recognition&quot; Users' experience of humiliation during mental health care</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Journal of Law and Psychiatry</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humiliation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mental Health</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Qualitative research</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">User experience</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30616849</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;div&gt;Background&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Studies reveal that users of mental health care services sometimes experience humiliation during care. These experiences may influence the users&amp;#39; recovery process and treatment satisfaction.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Method&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Thirteen informants with experience in mental health services were recruited for semi-structured interviews. Informants were recruited through collaboration with users&amp;#39; organisations. Modified text condensation was used for analysis of the qualitative data.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Results&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Users&amp;#39; experiences with humiliation in mental health care were sorted into three main themes. These are themes related to different perspectives between staff and users; themes related to violence of user autonomy; and experiences related to staff attitudes.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Discussion&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The service users in this study spoke about many different kinds of experiences with humiliation during care. It was a main finding that the feeling of not being recognized for one&amp;#39;s own perception of the situation was experienced as a humiliation. This study is a contribution to a better understanding of the humiliation process between staff and users in mental health care services. The findings may be used to improve interaction between staff and users, improve quality of care and to prevent such experiences.&lt;/div&gt;</style></abstract><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Erfaringsbaserte</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stuen, HK</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landheim, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rugkåsa, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wynn, R</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Responsibilities with conflicting priorities: a qualitative study of ACT providers' experiences with community treatment orders</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BMC Health Services Research (Open Access)</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ACT</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Community Treatment Order</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">04/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12913-018-3097-7</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">290</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;h4&gt;BACKGROUND:&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;p&gt;Patients with severe mental illness may be subjected to Community Treatment Orders (CTOs) in order to secure that the patients adhere to treatment. Few studies have investigated the use of CTOs within an Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) setting, and little is known about how the tension between the patients&amp;#39; autonomy and the clinicians&amp;#39; responsibility to act in the patients&amp;#39; best interest are resolved in practice. The aim of this study was to explore the service providers&amp;#39; experiences with CTOs within an ACT setting.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h4&gt;METHODS:&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;p&gt;The study was based on reviews of case files of 15 patients, eight individual qualitative in depth interviews and four focus group interviews with service providers involved in ACT and decisions related to CTOs. A modified grounded theory approach was used to analyze the data.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h4&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;p&gt;The main theme &amp;#39;responsibility with conflicting priorities&amp;#39; emerged from data analysis (case file reviews, individual interviews and focus group interviews). The balance between coercive approaches and the emphasis on promoting patient autonomy was seen as problematic. The participants saw few alternatives to CTOs as long-term measures to secure ongoing treatment for some of the patients. However, participants perceived the ACT model&amp;#39;s comprehensive scope as an opportunity to build rapport with patients and thereby better meet their needs. The team approach, the ACT providers&amp;#39; commitment to establish supportive relationships and the frequent meetings with patients in their home environment were highlighted. The ACT approach gave them insight into patients&amp;#39; everyday lives and, in some cases a greater sense of security when considering whether to take patients off CTOs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h4&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;p&gt;Many of the participants viewed CTOs as helpful in securing long-term treatment for patients. CTO decision-making was described as challenging and complex and presented the providers with many dilemmas. The ACT approach was considered as helpful in that it afforded comprehensive, patient-centered support and opportunities to build rapport.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TUD</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jorun Rugkåsa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olav Nyttingnes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tone Breines Simonsen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jūratė Šaltytė Benth</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bjørn Lau</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Henriette Riley</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maria Løvsletteng</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tore Buer Christensen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ann-Torunn Andersen Austegard</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Georg Høyer</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The use of outpatient commitment in Norway: Who are the patients and what does it involve?</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coercion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Community psychiatry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Community Treatment Order</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Outpatient commitment</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160252718301900</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;div&gt;Purpose&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Despite one of the longest histories of using Outpatient Commitment (OC), little is known about the use in the Norwegian context. Reporting from the Norwegian Outpatient Commitment Study, this article aims to: establish the profile of the OC population in Norway; ascertain the legal justification for the use of OC and what OC involves for patients; investigate possible associations between selected patient and service characteristics and duration of OC, and; explore potential differences based on gender or rurality.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Methods&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;A retrospective multi-site study, extracting data from the medical records of all patients on OC in six large regional hospitals in 2008&amp;ndash;12, with detailed investigation over 36 months of the subsample of patients on first ever OC-order in 2008&amp;ndash;09. We use descriptive statistics to establish the profile of the OC population and the legal justification for and the content of OC, and logistic regression to examine factors associated with duration of OC over 36 months.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Results&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;1414 patients were on OC over the 5 years, and 274 had their first OC in 2008&amp;ndash;09. The sample included more men than woman, and three-quarters were diagnosed with schizophrenia. They had long service histories, including involuntary admissions. The legal justification for all OC-orders was the need for treatment, and 18% were additionally justified by dangerousness. The option to initiate OC directly from the community was not used in any of the 274 first ever OC-orders. While 98% of patients were prescribed psychotropic medication, under half had an Involuntary Treatment Order, which under the Norwegian OC regime is required in addition to the OC-order to oblige patients to accept treatment (usually medication). 60% of patients had &amp;ge;2 clinical contacts monthly. There were some gender differences in descriptive analyses with men generally being worse off, but no clear pattern in terms of rurality. Patients in the sample had been on OC between one week and 20 years. The median duration of OC over 36 months was 365 days. Three factors contributed to longer duration: the use of the dangerousness criterion; a diagnosis of schizophrenia disorder, and; considerable problems with substance abuse.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Conclusion&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The characteristics of the OC population in Norway are very similar to that reported in other jurisdictions. Medication seems to be the central focus of OC, yet additional Involuntary Treatment Orders are imposed for less than half of patients. While all OC-orders were justified by the need to ensure treatment, risk seems to be a concern for a subgroup of patients who are kept on for longer. How the 2017 amendment to the mental health act, which precludes compulsion for competent patients unless danger is present, will affect OC use, remains to be seen. Further studies should specifically focus on variation in the use of OC, including at the level of individual clinicians.&lt;/div&gt;</style></abstract><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TUD</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inge Joa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kjetil Hustoft</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liss Gøril Anda</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kolbjørn Brønnick</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olav Nielssen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan Olav Johannessen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Johannes H. Langeveld</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public attitudes towards involuntary admission and treatment by mental health services in Norway</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Journal of Law and Psychiatry</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">November-December 2017</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12.10.2017</style></edition><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">55</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-7</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">November-December 2017</style></issue><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kjetil Hustoft</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tor Ketil Larsen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kolbjørn Brønnick</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inge Joa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan Olav Johannessen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Torleif Ruud</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Voluntary or involuntary acute psychiatric hospitalization in Norway: A 24 h follow up study</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Journal of Law and Psychiatry</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160252716303016</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">56</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">27-34</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">January-February 2018</style></issue><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stensrud, B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hoyer, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beston, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Granerud, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landheim, A. S.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&quot;Care or control?&quot;: a qualitative study of staff experiences with outpatient commitment orders</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26873613</style></url></web-urls></urls><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0933-7954</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TUD, Erfaringsbaserte</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan Hammer</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roar Fosse</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Åse Lyngstad</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paul Møller</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Didrik Heggdal</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effekten av komplementær ytre regulering (KYR) på tvangstiltak</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psykologtidsskriftet</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">autonomy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">basal exposure therapy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">coercion reduction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">complementary external regulation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">complex mental disorders</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">psychotic disorders</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">07/2916</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://psykologtidsskriftet.no/vitenskapelig-artikkel/2016/07/effekten-av-komplementaer-ytre-regulering-kyr-pa-tvangstiltak</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">53</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Norsk studie om reduksjon av tvangsmidler og skjerming. Studien viser en&lt;br /&gt;markant reduksjon av tvangsvedtak fra 2006&amp;ndash;2008 (før KYR var implementert)&lt;br /&gt;til henholdsvis 2009&amp;ndash;2011 og 2012&amp;ndash;2014. Gjennomsnittlig antall&lt;br /&gt;tvangsvedtak per pasient ble redusert fra 23,5 til 0,3 (99 %). Andelen&lt;br /&gt;pasienter med minst ett tvangsvedtak gikk ned fra 60,5 % til 15,4 % (74 %),&lt;br /&gt;mens andelen pasienter med minst seks vedtak gikk ned fra 40 % til 0 % (100&lt;br /&gt;%). Nedgangen i tvangsvedtak var tydeligst for korttidsvirkende legemidler,&lt;br /&gt;fulgt av mekaniske tvangsmidler.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fagfellevurdert artikkel</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">518</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elisa Legernes</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">En narrativ undersøkelse av menneskers historier om psykisk helsevern, krenkelser og selvforståelse</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Det samfunnsvitenskapelige fakultet</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-56795</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Universitet i Oslo</style></publisher><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Master Thesis</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Erfaringsbaserte</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terkelsen, T. B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Larsen, I. B.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fear, danger and aggression in a Norwegian locked psychiatric ward: Dialogue and ethics of care as contributions to combating difficult situations</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nursing Ethics</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25552587</style></url></web-urls></urls><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></number><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><call-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></call-num><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Etikk</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hanne Clausen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Torleif Ruud</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sigrun Odden</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JūratėŠaltytė Benth</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kristin Sverdvik Heiervang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hanne Kilen Stuen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Helen Killaspy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Robert E. Drake</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anne Landheim</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hospitalisation of severely mentally ill patients with and without problematic substance use before and during Assertive Community Treatment: an observational cohort study</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BMC Psychiatry</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beate Bø</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Øyvind H. Ottesen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rolf Gjestad</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hugo A. Jørgensen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rune A. Kroken</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Else-Marie Løberg</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Erik Johnsen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Patient satisfaction after acute admission for psychosis</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nordic Journal of Psychiatry</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></number><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Taylor &amp; Francis</style></publisher><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Løvsletten, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haug, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Granerud, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nordby, K.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prevalence and management of patients with outpatient commitment in the mental health services</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nordic Journal of Psychiatry</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TUD</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">02/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">70</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">401-406</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Background People with mental health problems are mostly treated within the community. The law allows for the use of compulsory mental health care both in hospital and in the community. Various forms of&amp;nbsp;outpatient commitment&amp;nbsp;(OC) have been adopted in much European legislation. To be subjected to OC is a serious intervention in a person&amp;#39;s life. Aim The purpose of this study is to gain knowledge about patients who undergo OC. The study explores the incidence and prevalence of OC in a geographical area, the central characteristics of the sample, and how the framework for follow-up treatment for patients to resolve OC works. Methods The data were collected from a review of electronic patient records. The statistical methods used in this study were descriptive analysis, with frequency analysis and cross-tabulation analysis. Results The main finding in the present study is that the use of OC has increased. An important finding is that most of the patients have a decision made for OC that is justified by the treatment criterion. The present study shows that there is insufficient documentation on statutory responsibilities for follow-up treatment of patients with an OC. Conclusions This study shows that the use of OC has increased. It should be considered whether implemented measures to reduce the use of coercion have the desired effect.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">401</style></section><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TUD</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ketil Lund</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peter Christian Gøtzsche</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsmedisinering må forbys</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kritisk juss</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Menneskerettigheter</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psykiatri</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvang</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsmedisinering</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ulovlig praksis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">30.juni 2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.idunn.no/doi/10.18261/issn.2387-4546-2016-02-03</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">42</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">118-157</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Artikkelen påviser at det nødvendige kunnskapsgrunnlaget for medikamentell tvangsbehandling aldri har foreligget. Medikamentene har liten positiv effekt på gruppenivå, forutsigbarheten av effekten for den enkelte pasient er tilsvarende liten samtidig som risikoen for skadevirkninger er betydelig. Tvangsmedisinering gjør langt mer skade enn gagn, og må forbys. Norsk praksis etterlever ikke kravet i psykisk helsevernloven &amp;ndash; oppstilt for å ivareta menneskerettslige forpliktelser &amp;ndash; om stor sannsynlighet for vesentlig bedring, før tvangsmedisinering kan iverksettes. Helsemyndighetene har lenge kjent til den ulovlige praksis, uten å ha foretatt seg noe for å komme den til livs. Menneskerettslige spørsmål kommenteres med utgangspunkt i CRPD &amp;ndash; FN-konvensjonen om funksjonshemmedes rettigheter.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsbehandling</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stuen, Hanne Kilen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rugkåsa, Jorun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landheim, Anne</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rolf Wynn</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Increased influence and collaboration: a qualitative study of patients’ experiences of community treatment orders within an assertive community treatment setting</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BMC Health Services ResearchBMC Health Serv Res</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12913-015-1083-x</style></url></web-urls></urls><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-13</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1472-6963</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kristin Thuve Dahm</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Odgaard-Jensen, Jan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tonje Lossius Husum</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kari Ann Leiknes</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Interventions for reducing coercion in mental health for adults: A systematic review and the impact of updating</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Brain Sciences</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.pakinsight.com/pdf-files/JBS-2014-1(1)-1-23.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-23</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse, Tvangsmidler</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bjørn Stensrud</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Georg Høyer</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Granerud, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landheim, A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">“Life on Hold”: A Qualitative Study of Patient Experiences with Outpatient Commitment in Two Norwegian Counties</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Issues in Mental Health NursingIssues in Mental Health Nursing</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://informahealthcare.com/doi/pdfplus/10.3109/01612840.2014.955933</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TUD</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stensrud, B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hoyer, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Granerud, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landheim, A. 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En narrativ studie av pasienters fortellinger om tvang og psykisk helsevern</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tidsskrift for psykisk helsearbeid</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.idunn.no/ts/tph/2014/02/omsorg_under_tvang_-_en_narrativ_studie_av_pasienters_forte</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse, Tvangsmidler, Etikk</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>12</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maria Løvsletten</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvang i eget hjem</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sykepleien</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://sykepleien.no/sites/sykepleien.no/files/electronic-issues/articles/14ps1_tvang_i_eget_hjem_3024.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TUD</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Henriette Riley</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Georg Høyer</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geir F Lorem</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">‘When coercion moves into your home’ – a qualitative study of patient experiences with outpatient commitment in Norway</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health &amp; Social Care in the Community</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/hsc.12107/full</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TUD</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maria Knutzen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stål Bjørkly</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gunnar Eidhammer</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Steinar Lorentzen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nina Helen Mjøsund</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stein Opjordsmoen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leiv Sandvik</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Svein Friis</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Characteristics of patients frequently subjected to pharmacological and mechanical restraint—A register study in three Norwegian acute psychiatric wards</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psychiatry Research</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165178113006756</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsbehandling Tvangsmidler</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inger B Larsen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Toril B. 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En kvantitativ studie</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">kvantitativ</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TUD</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvungent psykisk helsevern uten døgnopphold</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://brage.inn.no/inn-xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/132596/L%c3%b8vsletten.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Høgskolen i Innlandet</style></publisher><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Formål&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;I Norge gir Psykisk helsevernloven mulighet for å anvende tvunget psykisk helsevern uten&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;døgnopphold (TUD) hvis dette blir vurdert som et bedre alternativ for pasienten enn å være&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;innlagt på insttusjon med tvang. Det er lite publiserte studier om denne ordningen.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hensiktenmed studien er å få mer kunnskap om bruk av TUD i Hedmark og Oppland.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hovedproblemstillingen i oppgaven er hva som kjennetegner bruk av tvungent psykisk&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;helsevern i Hedmark og Oppland, insidens og prevalens i en tidsperiode, begrunnelse for&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;vedtak og hvilken behandlingsoppfølging pasientene får.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Metode&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Studien er en kvantitativ studie. Dataene er samlet inn retrospektivt fra journaler i Sykehuset&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Innlandet og analysert ved hjelp av deskriptive analyser. Studien omfatter alle pasienter over&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;18 år som har vedtak om tvunget psykisk helsevern uten døgnopphold i Hedmark og Oppland&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;i perioden 01.01. 2008 &amp;ndash; 31.12. 2011. Datainnsamling omfatter omfang, vedtak, diagnoser,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;behandlingsoppfølging, individuelle planer, bruk av psykisk helsevern og demografiske data.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Resultat&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Studien viser at det er 1,1 % av pasienter i psykisk helsevern som har vedtak om tvang uten&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;døgn i Innlandet. Resultatet viser tilnærmet lik kjønnsfordeling i utvalget. 93 % pasientene har&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;en diagnose i schizofrenispekteret i kategorien F 20-F29 i ICD-10. 32 % av pasientene har rus&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;som tilleggsproblematikk. 83 % bor alene og 75 % er uføretrygdede. Det er 61 % som fikk&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;oppfølging fra både spesialist- og kommunehelsetjenesten. 62 % har registeret i journal at de&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;har en individuell plan.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Resultatene viser en økning i index TUD i perioden 2008-2011 fra 9 vedtak til 17. Prevalens&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;av TUD har også økt i samme periode fra 34 vedtak til 51. 72 % av utvalget fikk vedtak om&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;tvang uten døgn begrunnet med behandlingskriteriet.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Konklusjon&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bruk av tvang uten døgn i Hedmark og Oppland kjennetegnes ved at det hovedsakelig er&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;alvorlig syke pasienter med diagnose i schizofrenispekteret som har TUD vedtak og de aller&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;fleste får vedtak begrunnet med behandlingskriteriet. Både index TUD og prevalens av TUD&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;har økt i perioden. Flertallet får behandlingsoppfølging både i fra spesialisthelsetjenesten og&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;kommunehelsetjenesten.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mastergradsoppgave</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tud</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>36</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kristin Thuve Dahm</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kari Ann Leiknes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tonje Lossius Husum</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ingvild Kirkehei</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bjørn Hoffmann</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hilde Tinderholt 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Larsen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rolf W. Grawe</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thomas Clausen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Substance abuse in patients admitted voluntarily and involuntarily to acute psychiatric wards: a national cross-sectional study</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Norsk EpidemiologiNorsk Epidemiologi</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">S. Opjordsmoen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Svein Friis</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ingrid Melle</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ulrik Haahr</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan Olav Johannessen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tor Ketil Larsen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan Ivar Røssberg</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bjørn Rishovd Rund</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Erik Simonsen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Per Vaglum</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thomas H. McGlashan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A 2‐year follow‐up of involuntary admission’s influence upon adherence and outcome in first‐episode psychosis</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acta Psychiatrica ScandinavicaActa Psychiatrica Scandinavica</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">121</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>12</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knut J. Lunde</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hva kan norsk psykiatri lære av Italia?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://tidsskriftet.no/article/1645244</style></url></web-urls></urls><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">128</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">208-210</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal article</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">arne vaaler</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gunnar Morken</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">John Chr Fløvig</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Valentina C Iversen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olav M Linaker</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effects of a psychiatric intensive care unit in an acute psychiatric department</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nordic Journal of Psychiatry</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">intensive care unit</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">picu</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seclusion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Skjerming</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08039480600583472</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">60</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Psychiatric acute units use different levels of segregation to satisfy needs for containment and decrease in sensory input for behaviourally disturbed patients. Controlled studies evaluating the effects of the procedure are lacking. The aim of the present study was to compare effects in acutely admitted patients with the use of a psychiatric intensive care unit (PICU) and not in a psychiatric acute department. In a naturalistic study, one group of consecutively referred patients had access only to the PICU, the other group to the whole acute unit. Data were obtained for 56 and 62 patients using several scales. There were significant differences in reduction of behaviour associated with imminent, threatening incidents (Broset Violence Checklist), and actual number of such incidents (Staff Observation Aggression Scale-Revised) in favour of the group that was treated in a PICU. The principles of patient segregation in PICUs have favourable effects on behaviours associated with and the actual numbers of violent and threatening incidents.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Doktorgradsavhandling</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvangsmidler</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">arne vaaler</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gunnar Morken</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">John Chr Fløvig</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Valentina C Iversen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olav M Linaker</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Substance abuse and recovery in a Psychiatric Intensive Care Unit</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gen Hospital Psychiatry</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">picu</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rop</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seclusion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Skjerming</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">02/2006</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163834305001507?via%3Dihub</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">28</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">65-70</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;The purpose of this study is to compare the development in symptoms, behaviors, function and treatment between patients with or without a substance use (SU) diagnose in a Psychiatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;A total of 118 admitted patients were assessed at admittance, day 3 and discharge from the PICU. Symptoms of psychopathology, therapeutic steps taken, violent episodes and length of patient stay were recorded.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;More males than females received an SU diagnosis. Substance use patients had less psychiatric symptoms at admittance and showed a faster symptom reduction, more favorable and faster improvement of function and a shorter length of stay. Except for symptom reduction and shorter length of stay, these differences were largely due to differences in sex and diagnoses in the two groups.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;In a naturalistic group of patients in a PICU, SU is associated with favorable outcomes compared to patients not using substances.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Doktorgradsavhandling</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvangsmidler</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">arne vaaler</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gunnar Morken</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olav M Linaker</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effects of different interior decorations in the seclusion area of a psychiatric acute ward</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nordic Journal of Psychiatry</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">interior</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">interiør</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">picu</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seclusion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Skjerming</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">skjermingsenhet</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08039480510018887</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">59</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19-24</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The objective of the study was to compare development in symptoms, behaviours, treatment and patient satisfaction of a traditional interior and an interior furnished like an ordinary home in a seclusion area. A naturalistic sample of 56 consecutive patients admitted to an acute ward was allocated to two different seclusion areas, one with a traditional interior and one decorated as an ordinary home. Symptoms of psychopathology, therapeutic steps taken, violent episodes, length of patient stay and patient satisfaction were recorded. There were no differences in changes in scores on The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for schizophrenia, The Brøset Violence Checklist or the Global Assessment of Function split version scale between the two patient groups. Therapeutic steps taken, number of violent episodes and length of patient stay was also similar. Female patients preferred an ordinary home interior. It was concluded that interior and furnishing like an ordinary home in the seclusion areas created an environment with comparable treatment outcomes to the traditional dismal interior, and had positive effects on many patients&amp;#39; well-being, at least among the women. The traditional beliefs that a sparsely decorated interior is a method to reduce symptoms of psychopathology and dangerous behaviours were not supported by our data.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Doktorgradsavhandling</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvangsmidler</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kari Gjelstad</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hans Løvdahl</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Torleif Ruud</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Svein Friis</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelser til psykiatrisk observasjon - blir de opphevet dagen etter?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://tidsskriftet.no/article/784571</style></url></web-urls></urls><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tidsskrift for den Norske legeforeningen</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelser</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>12</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Larsen, Øivind</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kulturelt akseptabel tvang</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://tidsskriftet.no/article/583539</style></url></web-urls></urls><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></number><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsmidler</style></label></record></records></xml>