<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cath Roper</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nina Joffee-Kohn</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vrinda Edan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Natasha Swingler</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Piers Gooding</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bridget Hamilton</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abolition: Is this the only pathway to upholding human rights and ensuring epistemic justice in psychiatry? A key informant qualitative study</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"> International Journal of Law and Psychiatry</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160252725000937</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">104</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Lovgivningen om psykisk helse tillater tvangsbehandling i visse tilfeller. Selv om menneskerettighetsspørsmål blir stadig viktigere, fortsetter debatten blant jurister, klinikere og aktivister om folks rett til lik behandling for loven, slik det er beskrevet i FNs konvensjon om rettigheter for personer med nedsatt funksjonsevne (2006).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Denne kvalitative, beskrivende studien hadde som mål å få en bedre forståelse av ulike synspunkter blant personer som er kjent for å kritisere tvang i psykisk helsevern, når det gjelder den praktiske gjennomføringen av menneskerettighetene i sammenheng med lovgivningen om psykisk helse.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Det ble gjennomført individuelle, semistrukturerte intervjuer med 15 sentrale informanter fra fem forskjellige land, og dataene ble analysert ved hjelp av en induktiv, tematisk tilnærming.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Generelt karakteriserte informantene lovgivningen om psykisk helse som diskriminerende, skadelig og uberettiget. Tre temaer og seks undertemaer ble identifisert. Denne studien rapporterer om de viktigste temaene, som inkluderer: en etisk posisjon (med fokus på de nåværende skadene forbundet med lovgivningen om psykisk helse), strategier (et uttrykk for muligheten til å bringe om endring) og en visjonær posisjon. Vi utforsker disse tre trekkene i nøkkelinformantenes synspunkter som viktige posisjoner innenfor avskaffelsesfeltet, og analyserer hver av dem for de &amp;laquo;hermeneutiske ressursene&amp;raquo; &amp;ndash; former for kollektive tolkningsressurser &amp;ndash; de gir.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Avskaffelse av lovene om psykisk helse anses ofte som urealistisk i psykiatrisk sammenheng. Avskaffelsesteorier og -praksis er imidlertid hermeneutiske ressurser som må forstås bedre, fordi de tilbyr sosial rettferdighet og samfunnsstyrte løsninger som går utover lovene og systemene for psykisk helse.&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Florian Wostry</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sabine Hahn</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sabine Hahn</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Impact of Coercive Measures on the Therapeutic Relationship Between Patients and Nurses in the Acute Psychiatric Care. An Integrative Review</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 2025; 0:1–13 </style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;meta charset=&quot;UTF-8&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Reduksjon av tvang krever et stabilt terapeutisk forhold. Det antas generelt at tvangstiltak har en negativ effekt på det terapeutiske forholdet, men lite er kjent om den spesifikke effekten.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Spørsmålet blir da hvilken effekt har tvangstiltak i akutt psykiatrisk behandling på det terapeutiske forholdet mellom sykepleiere og pasienter?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Det ble gjennomført en integrativ gjennomgang og en tematisk analyse. Noen resultater viser&amp;nbsp;at f.eks tema 1, med tittelen &amp;laquo;Destruktive effekter&amp;raquo;, omfatter tre undertemaer: &amp;laquo;Tap av tillit&amp;raquo;, &amp;laquo;Maktubalanse&amp;raquo; og &amp;laquo;Redusert engasjement&amp;raquo;, og fremhever den negative effekten på det terapeutiske forholdet. Tema 2, med tittelen &amp;laquo;Sykepleierens dilemma&amp;raquo;, med undertemaet &amp;laquo;Dehumanisering&amp;raquo;, diskuterer de iboende konfliktene som psykisk helsepersonell står overfor. Tema 3, &amp;laquo;Forsterkning&amp;raquo;, foreslår potensielle forbedringer i terapeutiske relasjoner.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Diskusjon: Sentrale kjennetegn ved den terapeutiske relasjonen, som å gi støtte, møte på øyehøyde, empati og tillit, kan bli skadet av tvangstiltak og svekke et grunnleggende aspekt ved psykiatrisk sykepleie. Videre kan fraværet av en terapeutisk relasjon fremme atferd som fører til ytterligere tvangstiltak, og skape en negativ spiral med negative effekter for alle involverte.Implikasjoner for praksis kan være at&amp;nbsp;sykepleiere må være bevisste på virkningene tvangstiltak har på terapeutiske relasjoner og bruke tvangstiltak som en siste utvei&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anne-Marthe Rustad Indregard</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hans Martin Nussle</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Milada Hagan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Per Olav Vandvik</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martin Teli</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jakov Gather</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nikolaj Kunøe</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Open-door policy versus treatment-as-usual in urban psychiatric inpatient wards: a pragmatic, randomised controlled, non-inferiority trial in Norway</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lancet Psychiatry</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">05/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38460529/</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;h2&gt;Abstract&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;Open-door policy is a recommended framework to reduce coercion in psychiatric wards. However, existing observational data might not fully capture potential increases in harm and use of coercion associated with open-door policies. In this first randomised controlled trial, we compared coercive practices in open-door policy and treatment-as-usual wards in an urban hospital setting. We hypothesised that the open-door policy would be non-inferior to treatment-as-usual on the proportion of patients exposed to coercive measures.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;We conducted a pragmatic, randomised controlled, non-inferiority trial comparing two open-door policy wards and three treatment-as-usual acute psychiatric wards at Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital in Oslo, Norway. An exemption from the consent requirements enabled inclusion and random allocation of all patients admitted to these wards using an open list (2:3 ratio) administrated by a team of ward nurses. The primary outcome was the proportion of patient stays with one or more coercive measures, including involuntary medication, isolation or seclusion, and physical and mechanical restraints. The non-inferiority margin was set to 15%. Primary and safety analyses were assessed using the intention-to-treat population. The trial is registered with ISRCTN registry and is complete, ISRCTN16876467.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Findings:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;Between Feb 10, 2021, and Feb 1, 2022, we randomly assigned 556 patients to either open-door policy wards (n=245; mean age 41&amp;middot;6 [SD 14&amp;middot;5] years; 119 [49%] male; 126 [51%] female; and 180 [73%] admitted to the ward involuntarily) or treatment-as-usual wards (n=311; mean age 41&amp;middot;6 [4&amp;middot;3] years; 172 [55%] male and 138 [45%] female; 233 [75%] admitted involuntarily). Data on race and ethnicity were not collected. The open-door policy was non-inferior to treatment-as-usual on all outcomes: the proportion of patient stays with exposure to coercion was 65 (26&amp;middot;5%) in open-door policy wards and 104 (33&amp;middot;4%) in treatment-as-usual wards (risk difference 6&amp;middot;9%; 95% CI -0&amp;middot;7 to 14&amp;middot;5), with a similar trend for specific measures of coercion. Reported incidents of violence against staff were 0&amp;middot;15 per patient stay in open-door policy wards and 0&amp;middot;18 in treatment-as-usual wards. There were no suicides during the randomised controlled trial period.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Interpretation:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;The open-door policy could be safely implemented without increased use of coercive measures. Our findings underscore the need for more reliable and relevant randomised trials to investigate how a complex intervention, such as open-door policy, can be efficiently implemented across health-care systems and contexts.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Funding:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority and The Research Council of Norway.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fagfellevurdert artikkel</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">330</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tonje Lossius Husum</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Irene Wormdahl</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Solveig H. H. Kjus</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trond Hatling</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jorun Rugkåsa</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Something Happened with the Way We Work: Evaluating the Implementation of the Reducing Coercion in Norway (ReCoN) Intervention in Primary Mental Health Care</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MDPI</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">co-creation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">complex intervention</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deltakende forskning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">implementation research</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Implementeringsforskning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Involuntary admission</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kompleks intervensjon</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mental health services</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">participatory research</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Primary mental health care</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Primær psykisk helseomsorg</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">process evaluation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prosessevaluering</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">psykiske helsetjenester</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reducing coercion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Redusere tvang</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Samskaping</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ufrivillig innleggelse</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">04/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/12/7/786</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Background: Current policies to reduce the use of involuntary admissions are largely oriented towards specialist mental health care and have had limited success. We co-created, with stakeholders in five Norwegian municipalities, the &amp;lsquo;Reducing Coercion in Norway&amp;rsquo; (ReCoN) intervention that aims to reduce involuntary admissions by improving the way in which primary mental health services work and collaborate. The intervention was implemented in five municipalities and is being tested in a cluster randomized control trial, which is yet to be published. The present study evaluates the implementation process in the five intervention municipalities. To assess how the intervention was executed, we report on how its different elements were implemented, and what helped or hindered implementation. Methods: We assessed the process using qualitative methods. Data included detailed notes from quarterly progress interviews with (i) intervention coordinators and representatives from (ii) user organisations and (iii) carer organisations. Finally, an end-of-intervention evaluation seminar included participants from across the sites. Results: The majority of intervention actions were implemented. We believe this was enabled by the co-creating process, which ensured ownership and a good fit for the local setting. The analysis of facilitators and barriers showed a high degree of interconnectedness between different parts of the intervention so that success (or lack thereof) in one area affected the success in others. Future implementation should pay attention to enhanced planning and training, clarify the role and contribution of service user and carer involvement, and pay close attention to the need for implementation support and whether this should be external or internal to services. Conclusions: It is feasible to implement a complex intervention designed to reduce the use of involuntary admissions in general support services, such as the Norwegian primary mental health services. This could have implications for national and international policy aimed at reducing the use of involuntary care.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Healthcare 2024</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hirsch, Sophie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baumgardt, Johanna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bechdolf, Andreas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Buhling-Schindowski, Felix</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cole, Celline</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flammer, Erich</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mahler, Lieselotte</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muche, Rainer</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sauter, Dorothea</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vandamme, Angelika</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Steinert, Tilman</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Implementation of guidelines on prevention of coercion and violence: baseline data of the randomized controlled PreVCo study</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Frontiers in Psychiatry</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coercion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">evidence based care</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">guidelines</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">implementation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mental heath</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psychiatry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Restraint</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seclusion</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The PreVCo study examines whether a structured, operationalized implementation of guidelines to prevent coercion actually leads to fewer coercive measures on psychiatric wards. It is known from the literature that rates of coercive measures differ greatly between hospitals within a country. Studies on that topic also showed large Hawthorne effects. Therefore, it is important to collect valid baseline data for the comparison of similar wards and controlling for observer effects.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hirsch, Sophie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baumgardt, Johanna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bechdolf, Andreas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Buhling-Schindowski, Felix</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cole, Celline</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flammer, Erich</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mahler, Lieselotte</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muche, Rainer</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sauter, Dorothea</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vandamme, Angelika</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Steinert, Tilman</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Implementation of guidelines on prevention of coercion and violence: baseline data of the randomized controlled PreVCo study</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Frontiers in Psychiatry</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coercion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">evidence based care</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">guidelines</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">implementation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mental heath</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psychiatry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Restraint</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seclusion</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The PreVCo study examines whether a structured, operationalized implementation of guidelines to prevent coercion actually leads to fewer coercive measures on psychiatric wards. It is known from the literature that rates of coercive measures differ greatly between hospitals within a country. Studies on that topic also showed large Hawthorne effects. Therefore, it is important to collect valid baseline data for the comparison of similar wards and controlling for observer effects.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olav Nyttingnes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jūratė Šaltytė Benth</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tore Hofstad</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jorun Rugkåsa</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The relationship between area levels of involuntary psychiatric care and patient outcomes: a longitudinal national register study from Norway</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BMC Psychiatry (Open Access)</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alvorlige psykiske lidelser</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coercion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Compulsion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Involuntary care</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mental health legislation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psykisk helse-lovgivning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Register study</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Registerstudie</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Severe mental disorders</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvang</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangstiltak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ufrivillig omsorg</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">02/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12888-023-04584-4</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;h3 data-test=&quot;abstract-sub-heading&quot;&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mental health legislation permits involuntary care of patients with severe mental disorders who meet set legal criteria. The Norwegian Mental Health Act assumes this will improve health and reduce risk of deterioration and death. Professionals have warned against potentially adverse effects of recent initiatives to heighten involuntary care thresholds, but no studies have investigated whether high thresholds have adverse effects.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=&quot;abstract-sub-heading&quot;&gt;Aim&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;To test the hypothesis that areas with lower levels of involuntary care show higher levels of morbidity and mortality in their severe mental disorder populations over time compared to areas with higher levels. Data availability precluded analyses of the effect on health and safety of others.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=&quot;abstract-sub-heading&quot;&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Using national data, we calculated standardized (by age, sex, and urbanicity) involuntary care ratios across Community Mental Health Center areas in Norway. For patients diagnosed with severe mental disorders (ICD10 F20-31), we tested whether lower area ratios in 2015 was associated with 1) case fatality over four years, 2) an increase in inpatient days, and 3) time to first episode of involuntary care over the following two years. We also assessed 4) whether area ratios in 2015 predicted an increase in the number of patients diagnosed with F20-31 in the subsequent two years and whether 5) standardized involuntary care area ratios in 2014&amp;ndash;2017 predicted an increase in the standardized suicide ratios in 2014&amp;ndash;2018. Analyses were prespecified (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04655287).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=&quot;abstract-sub-heading&quot;&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;We found no adverse effects on patients&amp;rsquo; health in areas with lower standardized involuntary care ratios. The standardization variables age, sex, and urbanicity explained 70.5% of the variance in raw rates of involuntary care.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=&quot;abstract-sub-heading&quot;&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Lower standardized involuntary care ratios are not associated with adverse effects for patients with severe mental disorders in Norway. This finding merits further research of the way involuntary care works.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Husum, T. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Siqveland, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ruud, T., &amp; Lickiewicz</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Systematic literature review of the use of Staff Attitudes to Coercion Scale (SACS)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Frontiers in Psychiatry</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Systematic literature review of the use of Staff Attitudes to Coercion Scale (SACS)</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">attitudes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coercion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mental Health</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">staff</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;Staff&amp;#39;s attitudes to the use of coercion may influence the number of coercive interventions employed and staff willingness to engage in professional development projects aimed at reducing the use of coercion itself. The Staff Attitude to Coercion Scale (SACS) was developed to assess the attitudes of mental healthcare staff to the use of coercion in 2008 and has been employed subsequently. This global study systematically reviews and summarizes the use of the scale in research.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;Seven databases were searched for studies using SACS in articles published in peer reviewed journals and gray literature. In addition, researchers who have asked for permission to use the scale since its development in 2008 were contacted and asked for their possible results. Extracting of data from the papers were performed in pairs of the authors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;Of the 82 identified publications, 26 papers with 5,838 respondents were selected for review. A review of the research questions used in the studies showed that the SACS questionnaire was mostly used in studies of interventions aimed at reducing coercion and further explain variation in the use of coercion.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;SACS is, to our best of knowledge, the only questionnaire measuring staff&amp;#39;s attitudes to the use of coercive interventions in mental health services. Its widespread use indicates that the questionnaire is perceived as feasible and useful as well as demonstrating the need for such a tool. However, further research is needed as the relationship between staff attitudes to coercion and the actual use of coercion remains unclear and needs to be further investigated. Staff attitudes to coercion may be a prerequisite for leaders and staff in mental healthcare to engage in service development and quality improvement projects.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>36</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Patricia Sofia Jacobsen Jardim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heather Melanie R Ames</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Christine Hillestad Hestevik</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ingvild Kirkehei</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvang i psykisk helsevern og vold: systematisk litteratursøk med sortering</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvang i psykisk helsevern og vold: systematisk litteratursøk med sortering</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coercion in mental health care and violence: systematic literature search with sorting</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">involuntary treatment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">schizofreni</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvang</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsmidler</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">violence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vold</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">01/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.fhi.no/publ/2023/tvang-i-psykisk-helsevern-og-vold/</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Folkehelseinstituttet - FHI</style></publisher><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-82-8406-354-6</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Målet med denne rapporten er å kartlegge hva som finnes av forskning om voldsutøvelse begått av personer med alvorlige psykiske lidelser i tilknytning til tvungent psykisk helsevern.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvang</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>12</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Henriette Riley</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marius Storvik</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thomas Hansen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangshjemler kan føre til mer tvang</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangshjemler kan føre til mer tvang</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.dagensmedisin.no/tvangshjemler-kan-fore-til-mer-tvang/538388</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dagensmedisin.no</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;En praksis med bruk av tepper, bandasjer, borrelåsstropper eller lignende for å sikre pasienter som motsetter seg under transport, kan være svært inngripende &amp;ndash; og gir grunn til bekymring.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tidsskriftsartikkel</style></work-type></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Espen W Haugom</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bjørn Stensrud</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gro Beston</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Torleif Ruud</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anne S. Landheim</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Experiences of shared decision making among patients with psychotic disorders in Norway: a qualitative study</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BMC Psychiatry</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">psykose</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">samvalg</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shared decision making; mental health services; psychotic disorders; qualitative research</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">03/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8932170/</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;Shared decision making (SDM) is a process where the patient and the health professional collaborate to make decisions based on both the patient&amp;#39;s preferences and the best available evidence. Patients with psychotic disorders are less involved in making decisions than they would like. More knowledge of these patients&amp;#39; experiences of SDM may improve implementation. The study aim was to describe and explore experiences of SDM among patients with psychotic disorders in mental health care.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;Individual interviews were conducted with ten persons with a psychotic disorder. They were service users of two community mental health centres. The transcribed material was analysed using qualitative content analysis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;Four-fifths of the participants in this study found that they received insufficient information about their health situation and treatment options. All participants experienced that only one kind of treatment was often presented, which was usually medication. Although the study found that different degrees of involvement were practised, two thirds of the participants had little impact on choices to be made. This was despite the fact that they wanted to participate and felt capable of participating, even during periods of more severe illness. The participants described how important it was that SDM in psychosis was based on a trusting relationship, but stated that it took time to establish such a relationship.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;This study with ten participants indicates that patients with psychotic disorders experienced that they were not allowed to participate as much as they wanted to and believed they were capable of. Some patients were involved, but to a lesser degree than in SDM. More and better tailored information communicated within a trusting relationship is needed to provide psychotic patients with a better basis for active involvement in decisions about their health care.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Keywords:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;Shared decision making; mental health services; psychotic disorders; qualitative research.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></issue><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">erfaringsbaserte</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tore Hofstad</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tonje Lossius Husum</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jorun Rugkåsa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bjørn Morten Hofmann</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geographical variation in compulsory hospitalisation – ethical challenges</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BMC Health Services Research (Open Access)</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Autonomi</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">autonomy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beneficence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coercion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ethical analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Etisk analyse</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Involuntary hospitalisation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Justice</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Non-maleficence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rettferdighet</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Right care</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Riktig omsorg</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Service delivery variation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">small area analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Småområdestatistikk</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvang</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ufrivillig sykehusinnleggelse</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Variasjon i tjenesteleveranse</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12913-022-08798-2</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;h3 data-test=&quot;abstract-sub-heading&quot;&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Compulsory hospitalisation in mental health care restricts patients&amp;rsquo; liberty and is experienced as harmful by many. Such hospitalisations continue to be used due to their assumed benefit, despite limited scientific evidence. Observed geographical variation in compulsory hospitalisation raises concern that rates are higher and lower than necessary in some areas.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=&quot;abstract-sub-heading&quot;&gt;Methods/discussion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;We present a specific normative ethical analysis of how geographical variation in compulsory hospitalisation challenges four core principles of health care ethics. We then consider the theoretical possibility of a &amp;ldquo;right&amp;rdquo;, or appropriate, level of compulsory hospitalisation, as a general norm for assessing the moral divergence, i.e., too little, or too much. Finally, we discuss implications of our analysis and how they can inform the future direction of mental health services.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>32</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tore Hofstad</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geographical variation in compulsory hospitalisation in Norway 2014-2018</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Universitetet i Oslo</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geografisk varasjon</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvangsinnleggelsesrate</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/98205/1/PhD-Hofstad-2022.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UiO</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oslo</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PhD</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Denne avhandlingen gir en omfattende beskrivelse og analyse av geografisk variasjon i tvangsinnleggelser i psykisk helsevern. Den inneholder viktig ny kunnskap som kan bidra til å redusere uønsket geografisk variasjon, samt bruk av tvangsinnleggelser.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tvangsinnleggelse innebærer frihetsinnskrenkning og skal kun brukes som siste&amp;nbsp;utvei, og i pasientens beste interesse. Ved å analysere registerdata fra alle som var&amp;nbsp;tvangsinnlagt i Norge mellom 2014 og 2018 tallfestes omfanget av geografisk variasjon. Forskjeller i tvangsinnleggelser kan måles på ulike måter basert på hendelser, personer eller varighet. Dette resulterer i ulike mønstre av geografisk variasjon. Gjennomsnittlig tvangsinnleggelsesrate i studieperioden var seks ganger høyere i det høyest rangerte området, sammenlignet med det laveste. Pasientratene varierte med 3.2, mens variasjonen var åtte ganger større for døgn med tvangsinnleggelse.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Variasjon innenfor ensartede områder, utover det man kan forvente på bakgrunn av berettigede faktorer, kan antyde at tvang brukes mer enn nødvendig i noen områder. Men det reiser også spørsmål om noen områder greier seg med mindre&lt;br /&gt;tvang enn forventet fordi helsetjenestene bidrar til å redusere behovet for tvangsinnleggelse. I avhandlingen utforskes det derfor hvordan kommunale tjenester for psykisk helse og avhengighet kan bidra til å forklare variasjonen. Ved hjelp av&lt;br /&gt;flernivåanalyse av panel data påvises det sammenhenger mellom tvangsinnleggelsesratene og ulike trekk ved de kommunale tjenestene, både når kommunene sammenlignes med hverandre, og når de sammenlignes med seg selv over tid. Færre&lt;br /&gt;tvangsinnleggelser var forbundet med økt bemanning innen psykisk helse og avhengighet, samt flere fastleger og psykiatriske sykepleiere sammenlignet med gjennomsnittsverdien i kommunene. Områder med flere fastleger og kommunale boliger&lt;br /&gt;per innbygger hadde i snitt færre tvangsinnleggelser. Disse funnene støtter tanken&amp;nbsp;at bruk av tvangsinnleggelser kan reduseres. Men de antyder også at tilfanget av&amp;nbsp;lokale tjenester er forbundet med hvorvidt en tvangsinnleggelse oppfattes som&amp;nbsp;nødvendig.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>27</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">David Stewart</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kim Ryan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Madeline A. Naegle</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sarah Flogen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Frances Hughes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">James Buchan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Global Mental Health nursing workforce: Time to prioritize and invest in mental health and wellbeing</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forebygging</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mental Health</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mental helse</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nursing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">psykiatrisk sykepleie</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sykepleie</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.icn.ch/sites/default/files/inline-files/ICN_Mental_Health_Workforce_report_EN_web.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">the International Council of Nurses</style></publisher><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-92-95124-04-2 </style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Rapporten&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.icn.ch/sites/default/files/inline-files/ICN_Mental_Health_Workforce_report_EN_web.pdf&quot;&gt;Mental Health Workforce report&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;ble nylig lagt frem av ICN. I følge rapporten står verden foran store utfordringer, spesielt når det kommer til mangel på sykepleierkompetanse innen psykisk helse og rus.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Annet</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trine-Lise Jansen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lars Johan Danbolt</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ingrid Hanssen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marit Helene Hem</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">How may cultural and political ideals cause moral distress in acute psychiatry? A qualitative study</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BMJ Psychiatry</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acute psychiatry; Coercion; Cultural ideals; Mental health nursing; Moral distress; Political ideals; Psychiatric nursing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">akutt psykiatri</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">kulturelle</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">moral</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">politiske</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sykepleie</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">03/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8944013/</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;There is growing public criticism of the use of restraints or coercion. Demands for strengthened patient participation and prevention of coercive measures in mental health care has become a priority for care professionals, researchers, and policymakers in Norway, as in many other countries. We have studied in what ways this current ideal of reducing the use of restraints or coercion and attempting to practice in a least restrictive manner may raise morals issues and create experiences of moral distress in nurses working in acute psychiatric contexts.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;Qualitative interview study, individual and focus group interviews, with altogether 30 nurses working in acute psychiatric wards in two mental health hospitals in Norway. Interviews were recorded and transcribed. A thematic analytic approach was chosen.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;While nurses sense a strong expectation to minimise the use of restraints/coercion, patients on acute psychiatric wards are being increasingly ill with a greater tendency to violence. This creates moral doubt and dilemmas regarding how much nurses should endure on their own and their patients&amp;#39; behalf and may expose patients and healthcare personnel to greater risk of violence. Nurses worry that new legislation and ideals may prevent acutely mentally ill and vulnerable patients from receiving the treatment they need as well as their ability to create a psychological safe climate on the ward. Furthermore, persuading the patient to stay on the ward can cause guilt and uneasiness. Inadequate resources function as external constraints that may frustrate nurses from realising the treatment ideals set before them.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;Mental health nurses working in acute psychiatric care are involved in a complex interplay between political and professional ideals to reduce the use of coercion while being responsible for the safety of both patients and staff as well as creating a therapeutic atmosphere. External constraints like inadequate resources may furthermore hinder the healthcare workers/nurses from realising the treatment ideals set before them. Caught in the middle nurses may experience moral distress that may lead to physical discomfort, uneasiness and feelings of guilt, shame, and defeat. Pressure on nurses and care providers to reduce or eliminate the use of coercion and reduction of health care spending are incompatible demands.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Keywords:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;Acute psychiatry; Coercion; Cultural ideals; Mental health nursing; Moral distress; Political ideals; Psychiatric nursing.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></issue><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">erfaringsbaserte</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Georg Høyer</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olav Nyttingnes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jorun Rugkåsa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ekaterina Sharashova</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tone Breines Simonsen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anne Høye</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Henriette Riley</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Impact of introducing capacity-based mental health legislation on the use of community treatment orders in Norway: case registry study</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BJPsych Open</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">community treatment orders</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CTO</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effekt</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">impact</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">legislation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lov</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lovendring</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TUD</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvungent vern uten døgnopphold</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">01/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/bjpsych-open/article/impact-of-introducing-capacitybased-mental-health-legislation-on-the-use-of-community-treatment-orders-in-norway-case-registry-study/8C1302C4705F3887004051947463A7F6</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Background&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In 2017, a capacity-based criterion was added to the Norwegian Mental Health Act, stating that those with capacity to consent to treatment cannot be subjected to involuntary care unless there is risk to themselves or others. This was expected to reduce incidence and prevalence rates, and the duration of episodes of involuntary care, in particular regarding community treatment orders (CTOs).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Aims&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The aim was to investigate whether the capacity-based criterion had the expected impact on the use of CTOs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Method&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This retrospective case register study included two catchment areas serving 16% of the Norwegian population (aged &amp;ge;18). In total, 760 patients subject to 921 CTOs between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2019 were included to compare the use of CTOs 2 years before and 2 years after the legal reform.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Results&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;CTO incidence rates and duration did not change after the reform, whereas prevalence rates were significantly reduced. This was explained by a sharp increase in termination of CTOs in the year of the reform, after which it reduced and settled on a slightly higher leven than before the reform. We found an unexpected significant increase in the use of involuntary treatment orders for patients on CTOs after the reform.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Conclusions&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The expected impact on CTO use of introducing a capacity-based criterion in the Norwegian Mental Health Act was not confirmed by our study. Given the existing challenges related to defining and assessing decision-making capacity, studies examining the validity of capacity assessments and their impact on the use of coercion in clinical practice are urgently needed.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tud</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Irene Wormdahl</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trond Hatling</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tonje Lossius Husum</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sloveig Kjus</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jorun Rugkåsa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dorte Brodersen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Signe Dahl Christensen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Petter Sundt Nyborg</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Torstein Borch Skolseng</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eva Irene Ødegård</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anna Margrethe Andersen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Espen Gundersen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rise, Marit B.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The ReCoN intervention: a co-created comprehensive intervention for primary mental health care aiming to prevent involuntary admissions</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BMC Health Services Research (Open Access)</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coercion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Involuntary admission</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Primary mental health care</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primærhelsetjenesten</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reducing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reduction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reduksjon</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvang</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">07/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12913-022-08302-w</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;h3 data-test=&quot;abstract-sub-heading&quot;&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Reducing involuntary psychiatric admissions is a global concern. In Norway, the rate of involuntary admissions was 199 per 100,000 people 16&amp;thinsp;years and older in 2020. Individuals&amp;rsquo; paths towards involuntary psychiatric admissions usually unfold when they live in the community and referrals to such admissions are often initiated by primary health care professionals. Interventions at the primary health care level can therefore have the potential to prevent such admissions. Interventions developed specifically for this care level are, however, lacking. To enhance the quality and development of services in a way that meets stakeholders&amp;rsquo; needs and facilitates implementation to practice, involving both persons with lived experience and service providers in developing such interventions is requested.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=&quot;abstract-sub-heading&quot;&gt;Aim&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;To develop a comprehensive intervention for primary mental health care aiming to prevent involuntary admissions of adults.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=&quot;abstract-sub-heading&quot;&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;This study had an action research approach with a participatory research design. Dialogue conferences with multiple stakeholders in five Norwegian municipalities, inductive thematic analysis of data material from the conferences, and a series of feedback meetings were conducted.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=&quot;abstract-sub-heading&quot;&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;The co-creation process resulted in the development of the ReCoN (Reducing Coercion in Norway) intervention. This is a comprehensive intervention that includes six strategy areas: [1] Management, [2] Involving Persons with Lived Experience and Family Carers, [3] Competence Development, [4] Collaboration across Primary and Specialist Care Levels, [5] Collaboration within the Primary Care Level, and [6] Tailoring Individual Services. Each strategy area has two to four action areas with specified measures that constitute the practical actions or tasks that are believed to collectively impact the need for involuntary admissions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=&quot;abstract-sub-heading&quot;&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;The ReCoN intervention has the potential for application to both national and international mental health services. The co-creation process with the full range of stakeholders ensures face validity, acceptability, and relevance. The effectiveness of the ReCoN intervention is currently being tested in a cluster randomised controlled trial. Given positive effects, the ReCoN intervention may impact individuals with a severe mental illness at risk of involuntary admissions, as more people may experience empowerment and autonomy instead of coercion in their recovery process.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>32</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kjetil Hustoft</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Voluntary and involuntary hospitalizations in acute psychiatric wards in Norway</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Faculty of Health Sciences</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Involuntary hospitalization</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Norway</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">predictors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">psyciatric wards</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Voluntary hospitalization</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://uis.brage.unit.no/uis-xmlui/handle/11250/3028134</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Universitetet i Stavanger (Open Access)</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stavanger</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Philosophiae Doctor (PhD)</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">174</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-82-8439-125-0</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Background and aim&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The use of coercion in mental health care services has been widely debated, and it is agreed that the level of coercive hospitalizations should be as low as possible. In 2004-2005, SINTEF Health was commissioned by the Norwegian Directorate of Health and Social Affairs to build up, establish and lead an Evaluation Network for Acute Psychiatry. SINTEF Health invited all local health trusts in Norway to participate. The purpose was for the local health trusts in Norway to come together and establish new knowledge about acute psychiatry - an area that so far had too little focus with regard to quality assurance and research in Norway. Thus, the Multi-Center Study for Acute Psychiatry (MAP) was established. This dissertation takes a closer look at the use of involuntary hospitalizations and the factors that influence this process.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Study One: - Predictors of involuntary hospitalizations to acute psychiatry&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Rates of involuntary hospitalized (IH) patients and involuntary psychiatric treatment of people with mental illness reflect characteristics&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;of national mental health care and laws or other legal frameworks. International studies on the rates of IH in psychiatric hospitals show great variability in results. It is, however, very difficult to compare figures due to differences in methodology of studies and legislation between countries.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The aims of Study One were to examine to (i) the rates of patients admitted to 20 acute psychiatric ward units in Norway for IH, (ii) compare voluntary hospitalized (VH) with IH patients&amp;rsquo; and (iii) describe the predictors of IH.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Study Two: - Voluntary and involuntary acute psychiatric hospitalization in Norway: A 24h follow up study&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Norwegian Mental Health Care Act states that patients who are&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;involuntarily admitted to a hospital must be reassessed by a psychiatrist or a specialist in clinical psychology within 24 hours to assess whether the patient fulfils the legal criteria of the psychiatric status and symptoms. International research on the process of reassessment of IH in psychiatry is scarce, and an investigation of Norway&amp;#39;s routine re-evaluation of IH patients may increase knowledge and understanding of this aspect of psychiatric treatment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The aims of Study Two were to (i) investigate the rate of conversion from IH to a VH status; and (ii) identify the predictors of conversion from IH to VH.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Study Three: - Patients&amp;rsquo; attitudes to psychiatric hospitalization: A national multicentre study in Norway.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Being IH raises a number of issues: attitudes from family and society, stigma of being hospitalized against patients own will, and the conflict of autonomy versus need for treatment. Law/policymakers, governments and the public want a reduction in IH. The aims of Study Three were to (i) investigate to what degree do patients referred for VH and IH state that they want admission or not; and (ii) what are the predicting factors for IH patients who stated they wanted admission.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Methods&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Multi-centre study of Acute Psychiatry (MAP) included all cases of acute consecutive psychiatric admissions in 20 acute psychiatric units in Norway, representing about 75% of the Norwegian acute psychiatric units during 2005&amp;ndash;2006. Data included an Admission registration form describing admission variables and the rating scales of Global&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Assessment of Functioning and Health of the Nation Outcome Scales. Of the full sample of 3.326 referred patients for admission, 3.051 patients provided data on wanting admission or not. We studied demographics and characteristics of the two groups (VH and IH). We then did a logistic regression analysis by using generalized linear mixed modelling based on data from 1.231 IH patients to calculate predictors of IH who wanted admission.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Results&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Study One: Fifty-six percent of the sample were VH and 44% were IH. Regression analysis identified contact with police, referred by physicians who did not know the patient, contact with health services within the last 48 hours, not living in own apartment or house, high scores for aggression, level of hallucinations and delusions, and contact with an out-of office hours / emergency primary health care clinic within the last 48 hours and low GAF symptom score as predictors for IH. IH patients were older, more often male, non-Norwegian, unmarried and had a lower level of education. They were more likely to have a disability pension or received social benefits, and were more often admitted during evenings and nights, found to have more frequent substance abuse, less often responsible for children and were less frequently motivated for admission. IH patients had less contact with psychiatric services before admission. Most patients were referred because of a deterioration of their psychiatric illness.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Study Two: Out of 1468, admissions who were IH (44%), 1148 (78.2%) remained on IH status, while 320 patients (21.8%) were converted to VH. The predictors of conversion from IH to VH (IH &amp;rarr; VH) after re evaluation of a specialist included patients wanting admission, better scores on Global Assessment of Symptom scale (GAF), fewer hallucinations and delusions and higher alcohol intake.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Study Three: 69.5% of the patients stated they wanted admission. As expected, 96.5% of the VH stated they wanted admission. However, nearly one-third (29.7%) of IH patients also expressed a need for hospitalization. In a multivariate analysis, we found that being IH and wanting admission were predicted by not being transported by police, having less aggression and using less drugs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Conclusions&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;IH seems to be guided by the severity of psychiatric symptoms and characteristics of the referred patient such as male gender, substance abuse, contact with GP or not, aggressive behaviour, low level of social functioning and lack of motivation. There was a need for assistance by the police in a significant number of cases. This complexity challenges the organization of primary health care and psychiatric health services and highlights a need to consider better pathways to care.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The 24-hour re &amp;ndash; assessment period for patients referred for IH, as stipulated by the Norwegian Mental Health Care Act, appeared to give adequate opportunity to reduce unnecessary IH, while safeguarding the patient&amp;#39;s right to VH.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;It is important to explore the attitude of a patient who has been referred to involuntary hospitalization. This can form the basis for a future dialogue about alternative ways of dealing with the patient&amp;#39;s serious mental condition, and as far as possible preserve the patient&amp;#39;s autonomy and co-determination, and if possible reduce unnecessary involuntary hospitalizations.Some patients who expressed the need for admission are still being admitted to acute psychiatric units under IH rather than VH. Thus, it is imperative that more effort should be made in the process of referral and admission by communication with patients in order to achieve a VH. By allowing more time for the referral and admission process, the referring physician may gain more knowledge of the patient such that an IH would not be necessary.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;It is not within the study to establish causality concerning wrongful involuntary admission, but it is important to focus on the patient&amp;rsquo;s wishes in such complicated hospitalization processes. It is conceivable that coercion is used too much in some places. However, at the same time patients may need to receive treatment in a psychiatric hospital when this is necessary despite not being in agreement with the referral physician. Coercion should only be used based on Mental Health Care Act criteria and when it is strictly necessary for the treatment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;NORWEGIAN ABSTRACT&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bakgrunn og mål Bruken av tvang i psykisk helseverntjeneste er omdiskutert, og det er enighet om at nivået av tvangsinnleggelser skal være så lavt som mulig. I 2004 - 2005 fikk SINTEF Helse i oppdrag fra Sosial- og helsedirektoratet å bygge opp, etablere og lede et Evalueringsnettverk for akuttpsykiatri. SINTEF Helse inviterte alle helseforetak i landet til å delta. Hensikten var at helseforetakene kom sammen og etablerte ny kunnskap om akuttpsykiatri &amp;ndash; et område som så langt hadde et for lite fokus med hensyn til kvalitetssikring og forskning i Norge. Dermed ble Multi - senter studiet for Akutt Psykiatri (MAP) etablert. Denne avhandlingen ser nærmere på bruken av tvangsinnleggelser og hvilke faktorer som påvirker dette.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h5&gt;Består av&lt;/h5&gt;&lt;p&gt;Paper 1: Predictors of involuntary hospitalizations to acute psychiatry. Hustoft Kjetil, Larsen T.K., Auestad B., Joa I., Johannessen J.O., Ruud T. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry Volume 36, Issue 2, March&amp;ndash;April 2013, Pages 136-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2013.01.006&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Paper 2: Voluntary or involuntary acute psychiatric hospitalization in Norway: A 24 hour follow up study. Hustoft K., Larsen T.K., Brønnick K., Joa I, Johannessen J.O., Ruud T. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry Volume 56, January&amp;ndash;February 2018, Pages 27-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2017.10.011&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Paper 3: Patients&amp;rsquo; attitudes to psychiatric hospitalization: A national multicentre study in Norway. Hustoft K., Larsen T.K., Brønnick K., Joa I, Johannessen J.O., Ruud T. Journal: BMC Psychiatry Submitted: May 2022&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Doctor Thesis</style></work-type></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arne Lillelien</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jørgen Strand</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inger Hilde Vik</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trude Wallin Haugen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan Hammer</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Basal eksponeringsterapi hjelper pasienter med alvorlige psykiske lidelser</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sykepleien</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Basal Eksponerings Terapi</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BET</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reduksjon av tvang</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://sykepleien.no/fag/2021/08/basal-eksponeringsterapi-hjelper-pasienter-med-alvorlige-psykiske-lidelser</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">109</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hovedbudskap&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ønsket om en verdiforankret praksis er tett knyttet til nasjonale og internasjonale føringer. Seksjon for basal eksponeringsterapi (BET-seksjonen) ved Blakstad sykehus i Vestre Viken HF har verdiforankret både driften og behandlingen. Det har ført til lovende behandlingsresultater og bedre ressursutnyttelse i et helseøkonomisk perspektiv. Både FN og Verdens helseorganisasjon berømmer seksjonen for tilbudet de gir til mennesker med alvorlige og sammensatte helseutfordringer.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">annet</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>27</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jardim, PSJ</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Borge, TC</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dahm, KT</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Müller, AE</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hval, G</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effekt av antipsykotika ved behandling uten pasientens samtykke sammenlignet med frivillig behandling</style></title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The effect of involuntary treatment with antipsychotic medication: a systematic review </style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antipsychotic Agents</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antipsykotika</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effekt</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">involuntary treatment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsbehandling</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">04/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.fhi.no/globalassets/dokumenterfiler/rapporter/2021/effekt-av-antipsykotika-ved-behandling-uten-pasientens-samtykke-sammenlignet-med-frivillig-behandling-v2-rapport-2021.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Folkehelseinstituttet - FHI</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oslo</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-37</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-82-8406-184-9</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Innledning
Kunnskapsgrunnlaget for legemidler med antipsykotisk effekt er i hovedsak basert på
studier hvor pasientene mottar disse legemidlene frivillig. I praksis forekommer også
bruk av antipsykotika i behandling uten pasientens samtykke (tvangsbehandling). Det
er et mangelfullt kunnskapsgrunnlag for hvorvidt antipsykotika gitt som tvangsbehandling har den samme effekten som når legemidlene tas frivillig.
Formålet med denne systematiske oversikten er å oppsummere forskning om effekt av
antipsykotika ved behandling uten pasientens samtykke (tvangsbehandling) sammenlignet med frivillig behandling med antipsykotika hos personer over 16 år med psykoselidelser.

Metode
Vi har utarbeidet en systematisk oversikt ved hjelp av framgangsmåter som beskrevet i
Folkehelseinstituttets metodebok for oppsummert forskning og i en fagfellevurdert
prosjektplan. For å identifisere relevante studier søkte en bibliotekar i åtte internasjonale litteraturdatabaser, slik som MEDLINE, EMBASE og PsycINFO, i desember 2020. Vi
søkte også i Google, skandinaviske bibliotekkataloger og gjennomgikk referanselistene
til studier lest i fulltekst. Vi identifiserte ingen studier publisert etter 2010 som møtte
våre inklusjonskriterier, men én studie publisert før 2010 som var relevant når vi gjennomgikk referanselistene til studier lest i fulltekst. I februar 2021 gjennomførte vi derfor et nytt litteratursøk og inkluderte studier uten begrensninger på publikasjonsår.
Vi inkluderte kontrollerte studier (studier med en sammenligningsgruppe), som undersøkte effekten av tvangsbehandling med antipsykotika sammenlignet med frivillig behandling med antipsykotika hos personer over 16 år med psykoselidelser. Utfallene vi
ønsket å måle var: endringer i psykosesymptomer, bivirkninger (alvorlige hendelser),
reinnleggelse, livskvalitet, funksjonsendring i sosiale relasjoner eller arbeid.
To medarbeidere valgte uavhengig av hverandre ut relevante studier og vurderte deretter risiko for systematiske skjevheter i de inkluderte studiene (dette ble gjort ved
bruk av sjekkliste for kohortstudier). Videre hentet to medarbeidere ut relevant data og
oppsummerte resultatene i tekst og Tabeller. Vi beregnet effektestimater for relevante
utfall rapportert i de inkluderte studiene, der det lot seg gjøre. Vi vurderte tillit til resultatene ved hjelp av GRADE-tilnærmingen.

Resultat
De to litteratursøkene og søket etter grå litteratur resulterte i 7601 referanser. Vi inkluderte to observasjonsstudier; én retrospektiv kohortstudie fra USA med 102 deltakere
publisert i 1991 og én tysk prospektiv kohortstudie med 88 deltakere fra 2004. Settingen for begge studiene var døgnbehandling på institusjon, og studiene sammenlignet
pasienter som ble tvangsbehandlet med frivillige behandlede pasienter. Studiene målte
psykosesymptomer, reinnleggelse og fungering. I tillegg målte de andre utfall som ikke
var relevante for vår problemstilling.
De inkluderte studiene hadde begge høy risiko for systematiske skjevheter, da gruppene ikke var sammenlignbare når det gjaldt viktige bakgrunnsfaktorer (f.eks. sykdommens alvorlighetsgrad og generell behandlingsmotvilje). Studiene hadde heller ikke tatt
hensyn til mulige kjente forvekslingsfaktorer i analysene, og det var generelt mangelfull
rapportering av data. Den ene studien hadde et retrospektivt design og beskriver ikke
hvilke kriterier/verktøy som ble brukt for å måle psykosesymtomer. Den andre studien
omfattet svært få deltakere som mottok antipsykotika under tvang, stor forskjell i antall deltakere i de to gruppene og personene som målte utfallene var ikke blindet.
Tilliten til effektestimatene er for lav til at vi kan konkludere hvorvidt antipsykotika gitt
under tvang har en annen effekt enn antipsykotika gitt i frivillig behandling (Tabell 1).

Diskusjon
Basert på vårt uttømmende litteratursøk kan vi med sikkerhet si at det finnes svært lite
forskning på problemstillingen, og at det som finnes er eldre studier med høy risiko for
systematiske skjevheter grunnet mangelfull rapportering og mangel på justering for
viktige forvekslingsfaktorer. En betydelig forskningsinnsats er derfor nødvendig for å
kunne svare på problemstillingen vår. Ideelt sett skulle en slik forskningsinnsats bestå
av større, veldesignete randomiserte studier. Dette er ikke mulig da det finnes store
forskningsetiske, metodiske og medisinske utfordringer som er uforenelige med å
forske på denne problemstillingen i denne pasientgruppen.
En alternativ måte å besvare problemstillingen er å bruke registerdata. De fleste pasienter vil i løpet av sykdomsforløpet være eksponert for forskjellige behandlingsregimer, mange vil både eksponeres for tvangsbehandling og for frivillig behandling. En
måte å bruke registerdata er å sammenligne pasienters symptomer og funksjonsnivå i
perioder med frivillig eller ingen behandling med perioder under tvang. Slik sammenlignes pasientene både med seg selv og med hverandre.

Konklusjon
Det er usikkert hvorvidt effekten av tvangsbehandling med antipsykotika er forskjellig
fra effekten av frivillig behandling med antipsykotika for utfallene psykosesymptomer,
reinnleggelse, og psykososial fungering


ENGLISH SUMMARY:

Background
The evidence base for antipsychotic medication is mainly based on studies where patients receive these drugs voluntarily. In a real-life setting, the use of antipsychotics
also occurs in treatment without patient consent, i.e. involuntary treatment. We know
little about whether the effect of involuntary treatment with antipsychotics is different
compared to the effect of voluntary treatment with antipsychotics.
The purpose of this systematic review is to summarize research on the effect of antipsychotics in treatment without the patient's consent (involuntary treatment) compared with voluntary treatment with antipsychotics, in people over 16 years of age
with psychotic disorders.

Method
We conducted this systematic review according to the procedures put forward in the
Norwegian Institute of Public Health's handbook for evidence synthesis, and in a peerreviewed project plan. To identify relevant studies, a librarian searched eight international literature databases, such as MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsycINFO, in December
2020. We also searched for grey literature in Google and Scandinavian library catalogues and reviewed the reference lists of studies reviewed in full text. We did not identify any studies published after 2010 that met our inclusion criteria, however, we identified one study published before 2010 that was relevant when reviewing reference
lists. In February 2021, we therefore expanded our literature search and included studies without restrictions on publication year.
We included controlled studies (studies with a comparison group) which examined the
effect of involuntary treatment with antipsychotics compared with voluntary treatment
with antipsychotics in people over 16 years of age with psychotic disorders. We were
interested in the following outcomes: change in psychosis symptoms, side effects (serious adverse events), readmission, quality of life, functioning in social relationships or
employment.
Two researchers independently selected relevant studies and then assessed the risk of
bias in the included studies using a checklist for cohort studies. Two researchers extracted relevant data and summarized the results in text and tables. Where possible we
calculated effect estimates for relevant outcomes reported in the included studies. We
assessed our confidence in the results using the GRADE approach.

Results
The two literature searches and the search for grey literature resulted in 7601 references. We included two small observational studies; one American retrospective study
published in 1991 with 102 participants and one German prospective study published
in 2004 with 88 participants. Both studies were conducted in an inpatient hospital setting and compared involuntary treated patients with voluntary treated patients. The
studies measured psychosis symptoms, readmission and functioning, in addition to
other outcomes that wasn’t relevant for our aim.
The included studies had a high risk of bias, due to baseline imbalance (e.g. severity of
the disorder and general resistance against treatment). The studies did also fail to consider possible known confounding factors in their analyses. One study had a retrospective design and did not mention which criteria was used to measure the outcomes. The
other study had very few participants that received antipsychotics, imbalance in the
number of participants in the groups and had no blinding of outcome assessments.
We have too low confidence in the effect estimates to conclude whether the effects of
antipsychotics are different in involuntary treatment compared with voluntary treatment (Table 2)

Discussion
Based on our exhaustive literature search we can be certain that there is very little research investigating the effect of involuntary treatment with antipsychotics compared
with voluntary treatment with antipsychotics. The studies that do exist are
older and with a high using register risk of bias due to incomplete reporting and lack of
adjustment for key confounding factors. A significant research effort is therefore
needed to be able to answer our research question. Ideally, such research efforts
should consist of larger, well-designed randomized studies. This is not possible as there
are major ethical, methodological and clinical challenges that are incompatible with investigations of this research question involving this population group.
An alternative research approach that will enable to answer this type of research question could be using registry data. Most patients will be exposed to different treatment
regime during the disease and many will be exposed to both compulsory and voluntary
treatment. One way of using register data are by matching people according to important clinical variables, such that the only difference between them is exposure to
compulsory treatment. In this way patient are compared both with themselves and
with others.

Conclusion
It is uncertain whether the effect of involuntary treatment with antipsychotics is different compared with the effect of voluntary treatment with antipsychotics in terms of the
outcomes psychosis symptoms, readmission, and psychosocial functioning.</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Systematic review</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsbehandling</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Runar Hernes</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">En kvalitativ studie av helsepersonells erfaringer i fra arbeid i norsk sikkerhetspsykiatri</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">recovery</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sikkerhetspsykiatri</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvang</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://ntnuopen.ntnu.no/ntnu-xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/2783508/no.ntnu%3ainspera%3a78586759%3a34102395.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NTNU, Fakultet for medisin og helsevitenskap, Institutt for psykisk helse</style></publisher><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Bakgrunn: Bakgrunnen for denne studien er det stadig økende fokuset på recovery- og recoveryorienterte tjenester innenfor psykisk helse- og rusfeltet. Da det er stort fokus på brukerinvolvering i alle nasjonale veiledere innenfor psykisk helsefeltet er det innenfor sikkerhetspsykiatrien beskrevet store utfordringer med å tilrettelegge for recovery for denne pasientgruppen. En sentral utfordring er tvangen som pasienter i sikkerhetspsykiatrien utsettes for. Tvangsbruken kan ses i sammenheng med fokuset på samfunnsvern og sikkerheten for pasienten og vedkommende sine omgivelser. Utfordringene kan også ses i sammenheng med kompleksiteten av følgeproblemer som er karakteristisk for denne pasientgruppen. Disse kan vise seg i form av økt risiko for å gjennomføre kriminelle/voldelige handlinger, utfordringer med å inngå/opprettholde sosiale relasjoner, manglende motivasjon eller evne til å motta hjelp, økonomiske vansker og rusproblemer.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hensikt og problemstilling: Denne studien har til hensikt å belyse ulike forutsetninger og innsatsfaktorene som kan bidra til pasienters recovery innenfor norsk sikkerhetspsykiatri, ifølge ansatte i psykisk helsevern. Problemstillingen som blir benyttet i studien er &amp;laquo;Hvilke forutsetninger og innsatsfaktorer kan styrke pasienters recoveryprosess i norsk sikkerhetspsykiatri?&amp;raquo;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Metode: Studien er kvalitativ da den bygger på fire individuelle dybdeintervjuer av sykepleiere på to sykehus innenfor norsk sikkerhetspsykiatri. Fokuset var på å belyse forutsetninger og innsatsfaktorer som kan bidra til pasienters recoveryprosess, ifølge ansatte innenfor norsk sikkerhetspsykiatri. I analysearbeidet ble fremgangsmåten systematisk tekstkondensering brukt.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Resultat og konklusjon: Funn fra studien viser at flere momenter innenfor konteksten av sikkerhetspsykiatri kan bidra til pasienters recovery. Først og fremst må veien til sikker recovery betraktes som et samspill mellom fagperson og pasient, der veien til å redusere pasienters risiko skjer gjennom personlig vekst og mestring. Til dette kreves det at helsepersonell tar hensyn til hvor pasienter er i sitt behandlingsforløp og videre tilpasser seg til pasientens tilstand og møter pasienten der han er. Videre er det essensielt at pasienter får oppleve hverdagen som sammenhengende. Dette oppnås gjennom å tilrettelegge for aktiviteter etter pasientens ønsker og der pasienten får utfolde seg med sosial støtte i fra helsepersonell. En annen forutsetning for at pasienter skal kunne oppleve recovery innenfor sikkerhetspsykiatrien er følelsen av å være trygg og ivaretatt. Opplevelsen av trygghet kan videre ses i sammenheng med utviklingen av terapeutiske allianser mellom fagperson og pasient. Denne relasjonen er også essensiell i all form for endringsarbeid innenfor den sikkerhetspsykiatriske konteksten. Til sist innebærer arbeidet innenfor sikkerhetspsykiatrien en rekke utfordringer med å tilrettelegge for recovery. Disse utfordringene innebærer at recoverytilnærmingen må betraktes i et helhetlig perspektiv der fokuset ligger på å redusere pasienters risiko og symptomer, samtidig med at man arbeider aktivt med å fremme pasienten sine ressurser og aktivt bygger opp under pasientens positive sider for så å kunne bidra til at pasienten løsriver seg stigmaer og slik skaper seg et positivt selvbilde og derigjennom øker sin sosiale status.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Background: The background for this study is the ever-increasing focus on recovery and recovery-oriented services in the field of mental health and substance abuse. As there is a strong focus on user involvement in all national guidelines in the field of mental health, major challenges have been described within the domain of secure and forensic psychiatric setting in facilitating recovery for this patient group. A key challenge is the coercion to which patients within the secure and forensic psychiatry are exposed. The use of coercion can be seen in connection with the focus on social protection and the safety of the patient and the person&amp;#39;s surroundings. The challenges can also be seen in connection with the complexity of consequential problems that are characteristic of this patient group. These can manifest themselves in the form of an increased risk of committing criminal / violent acts, challenges in entering into / maintaining social relationships, lack of motivation or inability to receive help, financial difficulties, and substance abuse problems.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Purpose/Issue: This study aims to shed light on various prerequisites and input factors that can contribute to patients&amp;#39; recovery within the Norwegian secure and forensic psychiatry, according to employees in mental health care. The problem formulation used in the study is &amp;quot;What prerequisites and input factors can strengthen patients&amp;#39; recovery process in Norwegian secure and forensic psychiatry?&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Method: The study is qualitative as it is based on four individual in-depth interviews of nurses at two hospitals within Norwegian secure and forensic psychiatry. The focus was on elucidating prerequisites and input factors that could contribute to patients&amp;#39; recovery process, according to employees within Norwegian secure and forensic psychiatry. In the analysis, the method of systematic text condensation was used.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Results/Conclusion: Findings from this study show that several factors within the context of secure and forensic psychiatry can contribute to patients&amp;#39; recovery. First and foremost, the path to safe recovery must be considered as an interaction between professional and patient, where the path to reducing patients&amp;rsquo;, risk takes place through personal growth and coping. For this, it is required that healthcare professionals consider where the patient is in their course of treatment and further adapt to the patient&amp;#39;s progress. Furthermore, it is essential that patients experience everyday life as coherent. This is achieved by arranging for activities according to the patient&amp;#39;s wishes and where patients are allowed to develop with social support from health personnel. Another prerequisite for patients to be able to experience recovery in the secure setting is the feeling of being safe and taken care of. The experience of security can further be seen in connection with the development of therapeutic alliances between professional and patient. This relationship is also essential in all forms of work with change within the secure and forensic psychiatric context. Finally, the work within secure and forensic psychiatry involves several challenges in facilitating recovery. These challenges mean that the recovery approach must be viewed in a holistic perspective where the focus is on reducing patients&amp;#39; risks and symptoms, while actively working to promote the patient&amp;#39;s resources and actively building under the patient&amp;#39;s positive sides to contribute to the patient detaches stigmas and thus creates a positive self-image and thereby increases its social status.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mastergradsoppgave</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">erfaringsbaserte</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Joakim Lossius Husum</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Celina Jakobsen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">En kvantitativ undersøkelse om forskjeller i holdninger til tvang mellom profesjonsgrupper i psykisk helsevern</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coercion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holdninger</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paternalisme</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Staff Attitude to Coercion Scale</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvang</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsbehandling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelser</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsmidler</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://munin.uit.no/bitstream/handle/10037/25497/thesis.pdf?sequence=2&amp;isAllowed=y</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UiT - Norges arktiske universitet (Open Access)</style></publisher><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Master Thesis</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsbehandling</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Torleif Ruud</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Espen Woldsengen Haugom</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Harold Alan Pincus</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Torfinn Hynnekleiv</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Measuring Seclusion in Psychiatric Intensive Care: Development and Measurement Properties of the Clinical Seclusion Checklist</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Frontiers in Psychiatry</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">checklist</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Måling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">measurement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seclusion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sjekkliste</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Skjerming</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.768500/full</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;Acute psychiatric units in general hospitals must ensure that acutely disturbed patients do not harm themselves or others, and simultaneously provide care and treatment and help patients regain control of their behavior. This led to the development of strategies for the seclusion of a patient in this state within a particular area separated from other patients in the ward. While versions of this practice have been used in different countries and settings, a systematic framework for describing the various parameters and types of seclusion interventions has not been available. The aims of the project were to develop and test a valid and reliable checklist for characterizing seclusion in inpatient psychiatric care.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;Development and testing of the checklist were accomplished in five stages. Staff in psychiatric units completed detailed descriptions of seclusion episodes. Elements of seclusion were identified by thematic analysis of this material, and consensus regarding these elements was achieved through a Delphi process comprising two rounds. Good content validity was ensured through the sample of seclusion episodes and the representative participants in the Delphi process. The first draft of the checklist was revised based on testing by clinicians assessing seclusion episodes. The revised checklist with six reasons for and 10 elements of seclusion was tested with different response scales, and acceptable interrater reliability was achieved.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;The Clinical Seclusion Checklist is a brief and feasible tool measuring six reasons for seclusion, 10 elements of seclusion, and four contextual factors. It was developed through a transparent process and exhibited good content validity and acceptable interrater reliability.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;The checklist is a step toward achieving valid and clinically relevant measurements of seclusion. Its use in psychiatric units may contribute to quality assurance, more reliable statistics and comparisons across sites and periods, improved research on patients&amp;#39; experiences of seclusion and its effects, reduction of negative consequences of seclusion, and improvement of psychiatric intensive care.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvangsmidler</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hofstad, Tore</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rugkåsa, Jorun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ose, Solveig O.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nyttingnes, Olav</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Husum, Tonje L.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Measuring the level of compulsory hospitalisation in mental health care: The performance of different measures across areas and over time</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Int J Methods Psychiatr Res</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">compulsory hospitalisation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">geografisk variasjon</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">geographic variation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">measurement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">small area analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">05/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/mpr.1881</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;section id=&quot;mpr1881-sec-0001&quot;&gt;&lt;h3 id=&quot;mpr1881-sec-0001-title&quot;&gt;Objective&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;A variety of measures are used for reporting levels of compulsory psychiatric hospitalisation. This complicates comparisons between studies and makes it hard to establish the extent of geographic variation. We aimed to investigate how measures based on events, individuals and duration portray geographical variation differently and perform over time, how they correlate and how well they predict future ranked levels of compulsory hospitalisation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/section&gt;&lt;section id=&quot;mpr1881-sec-0002&quot;&gt;&lt;h3 id=&quot;mpr1881-sec-0002-title&quot;&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Small-area analysis, correlation analysis and linear regressions of data from a Norwegian health registry containing whole population data from 2014 to 2018.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/section&gt;&lt;section id=&quot;mpr1881-sec-0003&quot;&gt;&lt;h3 id=&quot;mpr1881-sec-0003-title&quot;&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;The average compulsory hospitalisation rate per 100,000 inhabitant was 5.6 times higher in the highest area, compared to the lowest, while the difference for the compulsory inpatient rate was 3.2. Population rates based on inpatients correlate strongly with rates of compulsory hospitalisations (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;=&amp;nbsp;0.88) and duration (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;=&amp;nbsp;0.78). 68%&amp;ndash;81% of ranked compulsory hospitalisation rates could be explained by each area&amp;#39;s rank the previous year.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/section&gt;&lt;section id=&quot;mpr1881-sec-0004&quot;&gt;&lt;h3 id=&quot;mpr1881-sec-0004-title&quot;&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;There are stable differences in service delivery between catchment areas in Norway. In future research, multiple measures of the level of compulsory hospitalisation should ideally be included when investigating geographical variation. It is important that researchers describe accurately the measure upon which their results are based.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/section&gt;</style></abstract><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Unn Elisabeth Hammervold</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reidun Norvoll</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hildegunn Sagvaag</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Post-incident reviews after restraints—Potential and pitfalls. Patients’ experiences and considerations</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ettersamtaler</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Post-incident review</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">06/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com.mime.uit.no/doi/full/10.1111/jpm.12776</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;h3 id=&quot;jpm12776-sec-0004-title&quot;&gt;4.1 Introduction&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;section id=&quot;jpm12776-sec-0005&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Post-incident reviews (PIRs), including patients, nurses and other care providers, following incidents of restraints are recommended in mental health services. Few studies have examined patients&amp;rsquo; experiences and considerations concerning PIRs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/section&gt;&lt;section id=&quot;jpm12776-sec-0006&quot;&gt;&lt;h3 id=&quot;jpm12776-sec-0006-title&quot;&gt;4.2 Aim&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;The study aims to explore patients&amp;rsquo; perspectives on PIRs in relation to how they experience participation in PIRs and further view PIRs&amp;rsquo; potential for care improvement and restraint prevention.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/section&gt;&lt;section id=&quot;jpm12776-sec-0007&quot;&gt;&lt;h3 id=&quot;jpm12776-sec-0007-title&quot;&gt;4.3 Method&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;We conducted a qualitative study based on individual interviews. Eight current and previous inpatients from two Norwegian mental health services were interviewed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/section&gt;&lt;section id=&quot;jpm12776-sec-0008&quot;&gt;&lt;h3 id=&quot;jpm12776-sec-0008-title&quot;&gt;4.4 Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;The patients experienced PIRs as variations on a continuum from being strengthened, developing new coping strategies and processing the restraint event to at the other end of the continuum; PIRs as meaningless, feeling objectified and longing for living communication and closeness.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/section&gt;&lt;section id=&quot;jpm12776-sec-0009&quot;&gt;&lt;h3 id=&quot;jpm12776-sec-0009-title&quot;&gt;4.5 Discussion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;PIRs&amp;rsquo; beneficial potential is extended in the study. The findings highlight however that personal and institutional conditions influence whether patients experience PIRs as an arena for recovery promotion or PIRs as continuation of coercive contexts.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/section&gt;&lt;section id=&quot;jpm12776-sec-0010&quot;&gt;&lt;h3 id=&quot;jpm12776-sec-0010-title&quot;&gt;4.6 Implications for practice&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;We recommend patients&amp;rsquo; active participation in planning the PIR. PIRs should be conducted in a supportive atmosphere, including trusted persons, emphasizing and acknowledging a dialogical approach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/section&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PhD thesis</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">etikk</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tore Hofstad</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jorun Rugkåsa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Solveig Osborg Ose</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olav Nyttingnes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Solveig Helene Høymork Kjus</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tonje Lossius Husum</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Service Characteristics and Geographical Variation in Compulsory Hospitalisation: An exploratory random effects within-between analysis of Norwegian municipalities 2015-2018</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Frontiers in Psychiatry</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geografisk varasjon</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tjenestetilbud</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.737698/full?</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;Compulsory hospitalisation in mental healthcare is contested. For ethical and legal reasons, it should only be used as a last resort. Geographical variation could indicate that some areas employ compulsory hospitalisation more frequently than is strictly necessary. Explaining variation in compulsory hospitalisation might contribute to reducing overuse, but research on associations with service characteristics remains patchy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;We aimed to investigate the associations between the levels of compulsory hospitalisation and the characteristics of primary mental health services in Norway between 2015 and 2018 and the amount of variance explained by groups of explanatory variables.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;We applied random-effects within&amp;ndash;between Poisson regression of 461 municipalities/city districts, nested within 72 community mental health centre catchment areas (&lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;= 1,828 municipality-years).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;More general practitioners, mental health nurses, and the total labour-years in municipal mental health and addiction services per population are associated with lower levels of compulsory hospitalisations within the same areas, as measured by both persons (inpatients) and events (hospitalisations). Areas that, on average, have more general practitioners and public housing per population have lower levels of compulsory hospitalisation, while higher levels of compulsory hospitalisation are seen in areas with a longer history of supported employment and the systematic gathering of service users&amp;#39; experiences. In combination, all the variables, including the control variables, could account for 39&amp;ndash;40% of the variation, with 5&amp;ndash;6% related to municipal health services.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;Strengthening primary mental healthcare by increasing the number of general practitioners and mental health workers can reduce the use of compulsory hospitalisation and improve the quality of health services.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tina Lill Hovelsen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvang i psykisk helsevern</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pasientopplevelse</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reduksjon av tvang</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvang</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://ntnuopen.ntnu.no/ntnu-xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/2783439/no.ntnu%3ainspera%3a81471222%3a37149354.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NTNU, Fakultet for medisin og helsevitenskap, Institutt for psykisk helse</style></publisher><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Bakgrunn: Norske myndigheter har lenge hatt søkelys på å redusere bruk av tvang i psykisk helsevern, men til tross for dette ligge Norge høyt på statistikken over tvangsbruk internasjonalt. Tvang oppleves i de fleste tilfeller svært inngripende og krenkende for pasientene.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hensikt: Hensikten med denne studien er å gi vernepleieren kunnskap om hvordan de kan redusere negative erfaringer for pasienter som opplever tvang, med utgangspunkt i pasienters erfaringer.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Metode: Denne studien har litteraturstudie som metode. Fem utvalgte forskningsartikler drøftes i lys av relevant litteratur.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Resultat: For deltakerne i alle de fem studiene var relasjoner til personalet, behovet for informasjon og muligheten til å delta i egen behandling av betydning for hvordan de opplevde innleggelsen.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Konklusjon: For pasientene var trygge og tillitsfulle relasjoner til personalet av stor betydning for hvordan de opplevde innleggelse på tvang, og de la stor vekt på at de ønsket å bli behandlet som likeverdige mennesker. Pasientene hadde behov for individuelt tilpasset informasjon, i riktig mengde og til riktig tid, for å kunne føle seg trygge. De fleste pasientene ønsket å bli mer involvert i egen behandling. Graden av medvirkning må tilpasses pasientens evne til å ta ansvar og til hvor pasienten befinner seg i bedringsprosessen.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Background: Reducing the use of compulsory treatment in psychiatric care has been a concern for the Norwegian authorities for a long time, and despite all this Norway is still on top of the statistics internationally. Compulsory treatment will in most cases be experienced as intrusive and degrading by the patients.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Purpose: This study aims to provide social educators with knowledge on how to reduce negative experiences for patients under compulsory treatment, based on patients&amp;rsquo; perspectives.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Method: Literature studies has been used as a method. Five research papers have been analyzed and discussed with use of relevant theory.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Results: For participants in all the research papers relations to staff, the need for information and participation in their own treatment were of importance for their experience.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Conclusion: Safe and trusting relations with the staff were of great importance for how the patients experienced involuntary hospitalization, and the put great emphasis on being treated like equals. The patients needed individually tailored information to feel safe. Most of the patients also wanted the opportunity to be more involved in their own treatment. The patient&amp;rsquo;s ability to take responsibility and where they are at in the recovery process will have an impact on their ability to participate.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bacheloroppgave</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">annet</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Løvsletten, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Husum, T. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haug, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Granerud, A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cooperation in the mental health treatment of patients with outpatient commitment</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SAGE Open Medicine</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Outpatient commitment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TUD</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">05/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://doi.org/10.1177/2050312120926410</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;h2&gt;Background:&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Patients with outpatient commitment have a decision on coercive treatment from the specialist health services even if they are in their own home and receive municipal health services.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2&gt;Objective:&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;The aim of this study is to gain more knowledge about how the outpatient commitment system works in the municipal health service and specialist health services, and how they collaborate with patients and across service levels from the perspectives of healthcare professionals.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2&gt;Methods:&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;This is a qualitative study collecting data through focus group interviews with health personnel from the municipal health service and specialist health services.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2&gt;Results:&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;The results describe the health personnel&amp;rsquo;s experiences with follow-up and interactions with the patients with outpatient commitment decisions, and their experiences with collaboration between service levels.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;The study show that outpatient commitment makes a difference in the way patients with this decision are followed up. The legislative amendment with new requirements for consent competence was challenging. Collaboration between services levels was also challenging.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TUD</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hamre, A</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Manglende samtykkekompetanse som vilkår for tvungent psykisk helsevern–en kvalitativ studie av helsepersonell sine erfaringer et år etter implementering i lov</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">erfaringer</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">helsepersonell</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lovendring 2017</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Samtykkekompetanse</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">01/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2635655</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Høgskolen i Innlandet</style></publisher><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Bakgrunn:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Den 1. september 2017 kom det endringer i psykisk helsevernloven. Den kanskje mest sentrale endringen var at fravær av samtykkekompetanse ble et vilkår for å kunne vedta tvungent psykisk helsevern. Lovens intensjon var økt selvbestemmelse og rettsikkerhet for pasienten.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hensikt:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Denne masteroppgaven i psykisk helsearbeid har til hensikt å få mer kunnskap om helsepersonell sine erfaringer med lovendringen. Problemstillingen er: &amp;laquo;Hvilken erfaring har spesialisthelsetjenesten med at manglende samtykkekompetanse er blitt et vilkår for tvungent psykisk helsevern?&amp;raquo;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Metode:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Det er brukt kvalitativ forskningsmetode, og det er gjort semistrukturerte intervjuer av helsepersonell. De syv deltagerne i studien er leger og sykepleiere ved Lovisenberg Diakonale Sykehus og Sykehuset Østfold. Systematisk tekstkondensering er benyttet for å analysere intervjuene.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Resultater:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Fem resultatkategorier ble identifisert:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;bull; Vurderinger av samtykkekompetanse kan være komplekse og arbeidskrevende&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;bull; Hensyn til liv og helse opp mot selvbestemmelse og rettsikkerhet skaper etiske dilemmaer&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;bull; De fleste av studiens deltagere er skeptiske til lovendringen&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;bull; Man ser sykere pasienter og fortvilte pårørende&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;bull; Det stilles spørsmål ved om samfunnet aksepterer større risiko for vold&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Konklusjon:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Økt selvbestemmelse og rettsikkerhet var lovendringens intensjon. Det er usikkert om lovendringen har ført til mindre tvang, men pasientens rettsikkerhet antas å ha økt. Vurderinger av samtykkekompetanse kan være komplekse og arbeidskrevende. Med manglende samtykkekompetanse som vilkår for tvungent psykisk helsevern oppstår etiske dilemmaer. Dette er erfaringskunnskap fra klinisk arbeid, og materialet viser at kunnskap om lovverk og etisk bevissthet er viktig for alle yrkesutøvere i psykisk helsearbeid. Uansett hva loven sier om bruk av tvang, vil det alltid være nødvendig for helsepersonell å reflektere etisk rundt dette.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Abstract&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Background:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;On September 1, 2017, there were changes to the Norwegian Mental Health Care Act. Perhaps the most central change was that the absence of decision-making capacity became a condition for enabling compulsory mental health care. The intention of the law amendment was increased self-determination and security under the law for the patient.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Purpose:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The study intends to gain more knowledge about health professionals&amp;#39; experiences with this legal amendment. The research question is: &amp;quot;What experience does the specialist health service have with the fact that lack of decision-making capacity has become a condition for compulsory mental health care?&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Method:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Qualitative research method is used. Semi structured interviews have been done with health professionals. The seven participants in the study are doctors and nurses at Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital and Østfold Hospital. Systematic text condensation has been used to analyze the interviews.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Results:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Five categories of results were identified:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;bull; Complex and labor-intensive assessments of decision-making capacity&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;bull; Ethical dilemmas arise in consideration of life and health against self-determination&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;bull; Most of the participants are skeptical of the law change&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;bull; Sicker patients and despairing relatives&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;bull; Questions are being asked about whether Society accepts greater risk of violence&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Increased self-determination and security under the law were the intention of the law amendment. It is uncertain whether the change in law has led to less coercion, but the patient&amp;#39;s security under the law is believed to have increased. Assessments of decision-making capacity can be complex and labor-intensive. Ethical dilemmas arise with the lack of decision-making capacity as a condition for compulsory mental health care. This is experiential knowledge from clinical work, and the material shows that knowledge about legislation and ethical awareness is important for all practitioners in mental health work. Whatever the law says about the use of coercion, it will always be necessary for health professionals to reflect ethically on this.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Master Thesis</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">etikk</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Løvsletten, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Husum, T. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Granerud, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haug, E.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Outpatient commitment in mental health services from a municipal view</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Int. Journal of Law and Psychiatry</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Community Treatment Order</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CTO</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">kommune</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Outpatient commitment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primærhelsetjeneste</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TUD</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvungent psykisk helsevern uten døgnopphold</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">03/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0160252720300108?dgcid=author</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">69</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;h3 id=&quot;st0010&quot;&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p id=&quot;sp0025&quot;&gt;Outpatient commitment (OC) is a legal decision for compulsory mental health care when the patient stays in his or her own home. Municipal health-care workers have a key role for patients with OC decision, but little is known about how the legislation system with OC works from the municipality&amp;#39;s point of view.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 id=&quot;st0015&quot;&gt;Method&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p id=&quot;sp0030&quot;&gt;The present study has a quantitative descriptive design using an electronic questionnaire sent to health-care workers in the municipalities that participated. The study included health-care workers from the mental health services in two counties in Norway who have experience with psychosis and OC decisions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 id=&quot;st0020&quot;&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p id=&quot;sp0035&quot;&gt;There were 230 people who received the questionnaire. The sample consisted of various health professionals from both small and large municipalities.The results show which tasks they have in follow-up of patients in the municipalities.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 id=&quot;st0025&quot;&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p id=&quot;sp0040&quot;&gt;From the municipality&amp;#39;s point of view, there are no significant differences in follow-up for patients with or without an OC decision, apart from conversations about medication. An individual plan is rarely used to facilitate follow-up, although this is the statutory right of patients with OC decisions. The health-care workers lack knowledge and education about the OC scheme. The cooperation between municipalities and the specialist health-care services is not clearly defined.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TUD</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Førde, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hovland, IS</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Syse, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dunlop, O</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paradokser og ulikheter i norsk helsevesen</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tidsskrift for Den Norske Laegeforening</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">juridisk</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lov</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lovverk</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvang</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ulikhet</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://tidsskriftet.no/2020/09/kronikk/paradokser-og-ulikheter-i-norsk-helsevesen</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Ulike pasientgrupper, alle med livstruende lidelser og selvskadende adferd, blir behandlet ulikt, selv om de har lik alder og nokså lik prognose.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Denne artikkelen springer ut fra drøftinger i klinisk etikk-komitéer (KEK) rundt pasienter som blir intensivbehandlet med omfattende ressursbruk, inkludert bruk av tvang. Etter et slikt drøftingsmøte har involverte klinikere uttrykt undring over hvordan ulike pasientgrupper blir behandlet ulikt. I det følgende vil vi bruke konstruerte sykehistorier sammensatt av mange ulike pasienter for å illustrere noen paradokser.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></issue><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvangsinnleggelse, tvangsmidler, etikk</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hammervold, U.E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Norvoll, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vevatne, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Saagvaag, H.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Post-incident reviews-a gift to the Ward or just another procedure? Care providers' experiences and considerations regarding post-incident reviews after restraint in mental health services. A qualitative study</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BMC Health Services Research (Open Access)</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ettersamtaler</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsbehandling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsmidler</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">06/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12913-020-05370-8</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Public guidelines in many western countries recommend post-incident reviews (PIRs) with patients after restraint use in mental health care. PIRs are one of several elements of seclusion and restraint reduction in internationally used programmes. PIRs may improve restraint prevention, patients&amp;#39; recovery processes and care providers&amp;#39; ethical mindfulness. The knowledge base on PIRs is, however, vague. This qualitative study explores professional care providers&amp;#39; experiences and considerations regarding PIRs that included patients after restraint use in a Norwegian context.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h4&gt;METHODS:&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;p&gt;Within a phenomenological hermeneutical framework, 19 multidisciplinary care providers were interviewed about their experiences and views regarding PIRs that included patients after restraint events. The interviews were performed over the period 2015-2016. Data analysis followed a data-driven stepwise approach in line with thematic content analysis. A group of two patient consultants in mental health services, and one patient&amp;#39;s next of kin, contributed with input regarding the interview guide and analysis process.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h4&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;p&gt;Care providers experienced PIRs as having the potential to improve the quality of care through a) knowledge of other perspectives and solutions; b) increased ethical and professional awareness; and c) emotional and relational processing. However, the care providers considered that PIRs&amp;#39; potential could be further exploited as they struggled to get hold on the patients&amp;#39; voices in the encounter. The care providers considered that issue to be attributable to the patients&amp;#39; conditions, the care providers&amp;#39; safety and skills and the characteristics of institutional and cultural conditions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h4&gt;CONCLUSION:&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;p&gt;Human care philosophies and a framework of care ethics seem to be preconditions for promoting patients&amp;#39; active participation in PIRs after restraints. Patients&amp;#39; voices strengthen PIRs&amp;#39; potential to improve care and may also contribute to restraint prevention. To minimise the power imbalance in PIRs, patients&amp;#39; vulnerability, dependency and perceived dignity must be recognised. Patients&amp;#39; individual needs and preferences should be assessed and mapped when planning PIRs, particularly regarding location, time and preferred participants. Care providers must receive training to strengthen their confidence in conducting PIRs in the best possible way. Patients&amp;#39; experiences with PIRs should be explored, especially if participation by trusted family members, peers or advocates may support the patients in PIRs.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">499</style></issue><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsbehandling, Tvangsinnleggelse, Tvangsmidler</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wormdahl, Irene</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Husum, Tonje Lossius</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rugkåsa, Jorun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rise, Marit B.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Professionals' perspectives on factors within primary mental health services that can affect pathways to involuntary psychiatric admissions</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Int J Ment Health Syst.</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Involuntary admission</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kommunehelsetjeneste</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mental Health</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mental health recovery</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mental health services</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Primary mental health care</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primærhelsetjeneste</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psychiatry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7678112/</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;Reducing involuntary psychiatric admissions has been on the international human rights and health policy agenda for years. Despite the last decades&amp;#39; shift towards more services for adults with severe mental illness being provided in the community, most research on how to reduce involuntary admissions has been conducted at secondary health care level. Research from the primary health care level is largely lacking. The aim of this study was to explore mental health professionals&amp;#39; experiences with factors within primary mental health services that might increase the risk of involuntary psychiatric admissions of adults, and their views on how such admissions might be avoided.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;Qualitative semi-structured interviews with thirty-two mental health professionals from five Norwegian municipalities. Data were analysed according to the Systematic Text Condensation method.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;Within primary mental health care professionals experienced that a number of factors could increase the risk of involuntary psychiatric admissions. Insufficient time and flexibility in long-term follow-up, limited resources, none or arbitrary use of crisis plans, lack of tailored housing, few employment opportunities, little diversity in activities offered, limited opportunities for voluntary admissions, inadequate collaboration between services and lack of competence were some of the factors mentioned to increase the risk of involuntary psychiatric admissions. Several suggestions on how involuntary psychiatric admissions might be avoided were put forward.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;Mental health professionals within primary mental health care experienced that their services might play an active part in preventing the use of involuntary psychiatric admissions, suggesting potential to facilitate a reduction by intervening at this service level. Health authorities&amp;#39; incentives to reduce involuntary psychiatric admissions should to a greater extent incorporate the primary health care level. Further research is needed on effective interventions and comprehensive models adapted for this care level.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>32</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holst, Ø</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Samfunnsvernets begrensninger: En kritisk analyse av lovverket for gjennomføring av dom på tvungent psykisk helsevern</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dom</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Samfunnsvern</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvungent psykisk helsevern</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://hdl.handle.net/1956/24154</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;This thesis is a critical analysis of court-ordered compulsory psychiatric care, with the main emphasis on the regulations related to the implementation of this type of legal response. Court-ordered compulsory psychiatric care is not regarded as punishment, but as a special penal sanction with a specific purpose: to protect society against serious crimes. Nevertheless, it can be argued that criminal law sanctions against criminally insane offenders constitute a violation of the principle that such sanctions should be reserved for those who are responsible and can be blamed for their actions. The treatment of persons with severe mental illness is first and foremost a task for the health services, regardless of whether or not they have committed a crime. In light of this, special penal sanctions have been criticised. For the Norwegian legislator, however, the need to protect society against serious crime has been sufficient to prompt the adoption of court-ordered compulsory psychiatric care. The thesis will critically examine the premise that the special penal sanction is a necessary supplement to civil law in order to safeguard the protection of society. The question is whether the special penal sanction reform (which regulates court-ordered compulsory psychiatric care) has resulted in strengthened crime prevention&amp;mdash;which was both the purpose of the legislation and the justification for court-ordered compulsory psychiatric care. The answer is that there are problems with several aspects of the regulations, which together create strong doubts as to whether the sanction can be justified by the premise of strengthened crime prevention. The thesis will show that already at the legislative stage the sanction was characterised by compromises and an unresolved legislative will, which resulted in internal contradictions and a lack of clarity in the legislation. This in turn appears to increase uncertainty among those who will apply the legislation&amp;mdash;the responsible physician or psychologist in the healthcare system. This thesis is, therefore, a contribution to the discussion on the use of criminal law as a tool outside the criminal law&amp;#39;s core prerogative related to accountability and punishment.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Doctor Thesis</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">etikk</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>36</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hauge, I</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sykepleier-pasient-relasjonens betydning for bruk av tvang hos rettspsykiatriske pasienter</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brukermedvirkning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rettspsykiatri</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sykepleier-pasient-relasjon</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvang</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">05/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Høgskulen på Vestlandet, bachelor i sykepleie</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stord</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Tittel: Sykepleier-pasient-relasjonens betydning for bruk av tvang hos rettspsykiatriske pasienter&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bakgrunn for valg av tema: I det siste tiåret har politikere og helse- og omsorgstjenestene for alvor satt søkelyset på å få redusert bruken av tvang innen psykiatrien. Evidensen for negative aspekter ved tvang er økende, samtidig er det bred enighet nasjonalt og internasjonalt totalforbud ikke er realistisk. Det er derfor hensiktsmessig å undersøke faktorer som kan være behjelpelig i målet om reduksjon av tvang.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Problemstilling: I hvilken grad har relasjonen mellom sykepleier og pasient betydning for om bruk av tvang blir nødvendig hos rettspsykiatriske pasienter?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hensikt: Å undersøke om relasjonen kan være en faktor som avgjør om tvang blir nødvendig, samt relasjonens betydning for utøvelse av forsvarlig, integritetsbevarende og ivaretakende sykepleie under tvang. Metode: En litteraturstudie der relevant og pålitelig forskning og annen faglitteratur benyttes for å svare på problemstillingen.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Resultater/Funn: Sykepleiers holdninger og forvaltning av makt har betydning for om tvang blir nødvendig, samt for hvordan pasienter opplever tvangen når det er nødvendig. Økt brukermedvirkning og fokus på relasjonsarbeid har positiv betydning innen voldsforebygging, bedring av pasientens psykiske helse og reduksjon av tvangsbruk. Etisk refleksjon med pasienten, samt innad i avdelingen har betydning for forebygging av uetisk praksis, samt for pasientens recovery. En god sykepleier-pasient-relasjon og etisk refleksjon med pasienten gir en større innsikt i situasjonene, og bidrar til ansvarliggjøring og selvstendiggjøring.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Konklusjon: Relasjonen mellom sykepleier og pasient viser seg å ha vesentlig betydning for om tvang blir nødvendig, og for pasientenes opplevelse tilknyttet tvangen. Videre bør økt brukermedvirkning og relasjonsarbeid få større plass innen rettspsykiatrien.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Summary&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Title: The nurse-patient-relationship&amp;rsquo;s importance for the use of coercion in forensic psychiatric patients&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Background: In the past decade, politicians and healthcare services have seriously put the spotlight on reducing the use of coercion in psychiatry. Evidence of negative aspects of coercion is increasing, but at the same time there is a broad consensus national and international that a total ban is not realistic. It is therefore appropriate to investigate factors that may be helpful in in the goal of reducing coercion. Research question: To what extent does the relationship between nurse and patient influence whether use of coercion becomes necessary in forensic psychiatric patients?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Aim: To investigate whether the relationship can be a factor that determines whether coercion is necessary, as well as the relationship&amp;rsquo;s importance for providing proper, integritypreserving and caring nursing during coercion.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Method: A literature study where relevant reliable and valid studies and other literature is used to answer the research question.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Results/findings: Nurses&amp;rsquo; attitudes and management of power have an impact on whether coercion becomes necessary, as well as how patients experience coercion when needed. Increased user participation and focus on relationships have a positive impact in violence prevention, improving the patient&amp;rsquo;s mental health and reducing the use of coercion. Ethical reflection with the patient, as well as within the department, is important for the prevention of unethical practices, as well as for the patient&amp;rsquo;s recovery. A good nurse-patient relationship and ethical reflection with the patient gives a greater insight into the situations and contributes to accountability and independence.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Conclusion: The relationship between nurse and patient proves to be of significant importance for whether coercion becomes necessary and for the patients&amp;rsquo; experience associated with coercion. Furthermore, increased user participation and working with the relationship should be given more attention in forensic psychiatry.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Keywords: Nurse-Patient relation, Forensic psychiatry, coercion, user participation&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bachelor Thesis</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvangsmidler</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Patricia S. Mann-Poll</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eric O. Noorthoorn</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Annet Smit</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Giel J. M. Hutschemaekers</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Three Pathways of Seclusion Reduction Programs to Sustainability: Ten Years Follow Up in Psychiatry</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inpatient psychiatry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Program evaluation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">seclusion and restraint</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sustainability</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11126-020-09738-1#article-info</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;From 2004 onwards, above 50 seclusion reduction programs (SRP) were developed, implemented and evaluated in the Netherlands. However, little is known about their sustainability, as to which extent obtained reduction could be maintained. This study monitored three programs over ten years seeking to identify important factors contributing to this. We reviewed documents of three SRPs that received governmental funding to reduce seclusion. Next, we interviewed key figures from each institute, to investigate the SRP documents and their implementation in practice. We monitored the number of seclusion events and the number of seclusion days with the Argus rating scale over ten years in three separate phases: 2008&amp;ndash;2010, 2011&amp;ndash;2014 and 2015&amp;ndash;2017. As we were interested in sustainability after the governmental funding ended in 2012, our focus was on the last phase. Although in different rate, all mental health institutes showed some decline in seclusion events during and immediately after the SRP. After end of funding one institute showed numbers going up and down. The second showed an increase in number of seclusion days. The third institute displayed a sustained and continuous reduction in use of seclusion, even several years after the received funding. This institute was the only one with an ongoing institutional SRP after the governmental funding. To sustain accomplished seclusion reduction, a continuous effort is needed for institutional awareness of the use of seclusion, even after successful implementation of SRPs. If not, successful SRPs implemented in psychiatry will easily relapse in traditional use of seclusion.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hassan, Ayan Ahmed</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Empati for den tvangsinnlagte pasienten</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forebygging</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psykiatri</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sykepleie</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvang</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">06/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2607570</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Høgskulen på Vestlandet, Fakultet for helse- og sosialvitenskap, Institutt for helse – og omsorgsvitenskap</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Førde</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Bakgrunn: I praksis på ei akutt psykiatrisk avdeling i fjor haust opplevde eg at tvangsmidlar ofte vart tatt i bruk. Pasientane uttrykte at dei såg på dette som integritetskrenkande og uverdig. Gjennom tre år på sjukepleiestudie lærte eg derimot at pasienten har rett på få ei autonom avgjerd respektert. Tvang strir med dette. Vi har dessutan lært at grunnlaget for all sjukepleie skal vere respekten for det enkelte menneske sitt liv og verdigheit, samt baserast på respekten for grunnleggande menneskerettar. Problemstilling :Korleis kan sjukepleiarar bidra til å førebygge bruk av tvangsmidlar i ei akutt psykiatrisk avdeling? Metode: Dette er ei litteraturstudie, der eg har gått gjennom relevant forsking og litteratur for å belyse problemstillinga. Oppsummering: Litteraturstudia trekker fram korleis haldningar blant sjukepleiarar kan påverke bruken av tvangsmidlar, Safewards-modellen som ein konflikt &amp;ndash;og tvangsførebyggande metode, samt korleis New public Management utfordrar sentrale sjukepleieverdiar som er avgjerande for å førebygge bruken av tvang. Både forsking og litteratur visar at sjukepleiarar spelar ei stor rolle i avgjerdsla om å bruke tvangsmidlar. Difor spelar haldningane deira til bruken av tvang ei stor rolle. Ved å påverke desse kan ein redusere bruken av tvangsmidlar. Vidare viser forsking at intervensjonane i Safewardsmodellen er viktige for å redusere tvangsbruken. Innføring av desse kan dermed også vere viktige i tvangsførebygginga. På den andre sida gjer styringsformer som New Public Mangagement at viktige sjukepleieverdiar får trongare kår. Dette kan vere ei utfordring i førebygginga av bruken av tvangsmidlar.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bachelor Thesis</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Else Marie Bleikelia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Christina Hagen Haugen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nora Madelene Bjørsland Svingen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ingunn Ulvestad</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forebygging i akuttpsykiatrien</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mekaniske tvangsmidler</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2613387</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NTNU, Fakultet for medisin og helsevitenskap, Institutt for helsevitenskap Gjøvik, bachelor i sykepleie</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gjøvik</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Bakgrunn: Å redusere bruken av tvang i psykiatrien har lenge vært et helsepolitisk mål.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Det har blitt gjennomført store prosjekter med mangel på markante positive resultater. Utøving av mekanisk tvang kan være etisk utfordrende for sykepleiere og hindrer pasientens autonomi.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hensikt: Hensikten med denne studien er å undersøke hvilke tiltak som kan være forebyggende mot bruken av mekaniske tvangsmidler.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Metode: Litteraturstudie er brukt som metode. Den bygger på fag- og forskningsbasert kunnskap. Det er foretatt systematisk litteratursøk i ulike databaser, hvor kvalitativ og kvantitativ forskning er benyttet.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Resultat: Det synliggjøres ulike faktorer som kan bidra til å forebygge bruken av mekaniske tvangsmidler. Resultatene fremstilles under fem kategorier: kunnskap, brukermedvirkning, relasjon og kommunikasjon, miljøterapi og risikofaktorer. Det er likevel nødvendig med ytterligere forskning på dette temaet.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Konklusjon: Litteraturstudien konkluderer med ulike tiltak som kan bidra til å forebygge bruken av mekaniske tvangsmidler. Det omhandler økt utdanning og kunnskap, samt fremme pasientens brukermedvirkning. Andre tiltak var god relasjon og kommunikasjon, miljøterapi, kartlegging og identifisering av risikofaktorer.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bachelor Thesis</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsmidler</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>27</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Torleif Ruud</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maren Rognaldsen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Espen Woldsengen Haugom</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Torfinn Hynnekleiv</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hva er skjerming? Utvikling av kunnskapsbasert og pålitelig måling av skjerming i døgnavdelinger i psykisk helsevern</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Innhold</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Måling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Skjerming</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.akuttnettverket.no/file/rapportmaaleskjemaomskjerming2019medvedlegg.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Akuttnettverket.no</style></publisher><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Resultatene fra &amp;laquo;skjermingsprosjektet&amp;raquo; presenteres herved for både dem som har deltatt i prosjektet, for andre i Akuttnettverket, og for andre som er interessert i hva som skjer under skjerming og i hvordan skjerming kan brukes optimalt. Arbeidet med prosjektet har vært omfattende og ble mer tidkrevende og langvarig enn vi hadde forutsett under planleggingen. Dette skyldes delvis at utprøvingen av måleverktøyet ble krevende med flere runder for å få samlet inn nok data og analysert disse. Det skyldes også delvis endring i arbeidssituasjon for medlemmene i prosjektgruppa og at andre oppgaver måtte prioriteres. Dette gjelder særlig prosjektleder. Det er mange personer som har bidratt i ulike faser. Vi takker dere som i første fase skrev de fyldige beskrivelsene av skjermingsforløp som la grunnlaget for identifisering av elementer i skjerming. Vi takker dere som i to Delphi-runder gjorde vurderinger av operasjonaliserte elementer for å oppnå konsensus om elementene i skjerming. Vi takker dere som i en eller flere runder av utprøvingen av skjema brukte tid på å skåre skjerminger der dere arbeidet. Vi takker dere i referansegruppa som deltok i drøftinger i faser der det var viktig med flere perspektiver i de beslutninger som skulle tas, og dere i FOU-avdeling psykisk helsevern ved Ahus som bidro med mye merkantil og annen praktisk hjelp i ulike faser av prosjektet. Denne dugnaden har vært viktig både for å komme fram til resultatet som vi hadde som mål: Et kunnskapsbasert og pålitelig måleskjema for skjerming. Men dugnaden har også vært viktig fordi resultatet bygger på praksis, erfaringer og vurderinger gjort av et bredt sammensatt utvalg av døgnavdelinger innen psykisk helsevern for voksne.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Konsensus Report</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsmidler, Skjerming</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marius Prytz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Karina Harkestad</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marius Veseth</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jone Bjornestad</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&quot;It's not a life of war and conflict&quot;: experienced therapists' views on negotiating a therapeutic alliance in involuntary treatment</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ann Gen Psychiatry</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Involuntary</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Therapeutic-alliance</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">06/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;h4&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11.0pt&quot;&gt;Background: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;p&gt;Working alliances are considered to be essential to treatment, and they represent a robust predictor of positive treatment outcomes. In a working alliance, a patient and therapist agree upon treatment decisions, which can raise a series of challenges when patients are in involuntary treatment. The aim of this study was to research how therapists experience negotiating a working alliance with patients with serious mental illnesses who are subjected to coercive treatment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h4&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11.0pt&quot;&gt;Methods: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;p&gt;Using a qualitative approach, we conducted 10 semi-structured interviews with experienced therapists in a Norwegian mental health care setting. Transcripts were analysed using a team-based thematic analysis method.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h4&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11.0pt&quot;&gt;Results: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;p&gt;Two interrelated major themes and five sub-themes were identified: (1) between coercion and care; (a) the ease of coercion, (b) the paradox of autonomy, and (c) the coercion as care; and (2) imperative treatment and interpersonal dilemmas; (a) this is happening between us and (b) when we do not meet in the middle.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h4&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11.0pt&quot;&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;p&gt;We conclude that the therapists exhibited a will to consider their patients&amp;#39; goals and methods, but only when they were in agreement, and they ultimately made treatment decisions themselves. Further, patient autonomy seems to come second in therapist assessments of needs for care; consequently, we question to what degree the working alliance as a defined concept of mutual agreement is present in the involuntary treatment we investigated.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18:9</style></issue><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsbehandling, Tvangsinnleggelse, Tvangsmidler</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Henriette Riley</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ekaterina Sharashova</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jorun Rugkåsa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olav Nyttingnes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tore Buer Christensen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ann-Torunn Andersen Austegard</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maria Løvsletten</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bjørn Lau</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Georg Høyer</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Out-patient commitment order use in Norway: incidence and prevalence rates, duration and use of mental health services from the Norwegian Outpatient Commitment Study</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BJPsych Open</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Community Treatment Order</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">OCT</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Outpatient commitment</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">09/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0160252718301900</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;h3 id=&quot;sec_a1title&quot;&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p id=&quot;__p1&quot;&gt;Norway authorised out-patient commitment in 1961, but there is a lack of representative and complete data on the use of out-patient commitment orders.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 id=&quot;sec_a2title&quot;&gt;Aims&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p id=&quot;__p2&quot;&gt;To establish the incidence and prevalence rates on the use of out-patient commitment in Norway, and how these vary across service areas. Further, to study variations in out-patient commitment across service areas, and use of in-patient services before and after implementation of out-patient commitment orders. Finally, to identify determinants for the duration of out-patient commitment orders and time to readmission.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 id=&quot;sec_a3title&quot;&gt;Method&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p id=&quot;__p3&quot;&gt;Retrospective case register study based on medical files of all patients with an out-patient commitment order in 2008&amp;ndash;2012 in six catchment areas in Norway, covering one-third of the Norwegian population aged 18 years or more. For a subsample of patients, we recorded use of in-patient care 3 years before and after their first-ever out-patient commitment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 id=&quot;sec_a4title&quot;&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p id=&quot;__p4&quot;&gt;Annual incidence varied between 20.7 and 28.4, and prevalence between 36.5 and 48.9, per 100 000 population aged 18 years or above. Rates differed significantly between catchment areas. Mean out-patient commitment duration was 727 days (s.d. = 889). Use of in-patient care decreased significantly in the 3 years after out-patient commitment compared with the 3 years before. Use of antipsychotic medication through the whole out-patient commitment period and fewer in-patient episodes in the 3 years before out-patient commitment predicted longer time to readmission.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 id=&quot;sec_a5title&quot;&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p id=&quot;__p5&quot;&gt;Mechanisms behind the pronounced variations in use of out-patient commitment between sites call for further studies. Use of in-patient care was significantly reduced in the 3 years after a first-ever out-patient commitment order was made.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 id=&quot;sec_a6title&quot;&gt;Declaration of interest&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p id=&quot;__p6&quot;&gt;None.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sep; 5(5): e75</style></issue><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TUD</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Unn E. Hammervold</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reidun Norvoll</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Randi W. Aas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hildegunn Sagvaag</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Post-incident review after restraint in mental health care -a potential for knowledge development, recovery promotion and restraint prevention. A scoping review.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BMC Health Services Research (Open Access)</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Debriefing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mental</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Post-incident review</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Recovery-oriented care</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reflection</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Restraint reduction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Restraints</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">04/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6480590/</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;h3 id=&quot;__sec1title&quot;&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p id=&quot;Par1&quot;&gt;Use of physical restraint is a common practice in mental healthcare, but is controversial due to risk of physical and psychological harm to patients and creating ethical dilemmas for care providers. Post-incident review (PIR), that involve patient and care providers after restraints, have been deployed to prevent harm and to reduce restraint use. However, this intervention has an unclear scientific knowledge base. Thus, the aim of this scoping review was to explore the current knowledge of PIR and to assess to what extent PIR can minimize restraint-related use and harm, support care providers in handling professional and ethical dilemmas, and improve the quality of care in mental healthcare.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 id=&quot;__sec2title&quot;&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p id=&quot;Par2&quot;&gt;Systematic searches in the MEDLINE, PsychInfo, Cinahl, Sociological Abstracts and Web of Science databases were carried out. The search terms were derived from the population, intervention and settings.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 id=&quot;__sec3title&quot;&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p id=&quot;Par3&quot;&gt;Twelve studies were included, six quantitative, four qualitative and two mixed methods. The studies were from Sweden, United Kingdom, Canada and United States. The studies&amp;rsquo; design and quality varied, and PIR s&amp;rsquo; were conducted differently. Five studies explored PIR s&amp;rsquo; as a separate intervention after restraint use, in the other studies, PIR s&amp;rsquo; were described as one of several components in restraint reduction programs. Outcomes seemed promising, but no significant outcome were related to using PIR alone. Patients and care providers reported PIR to: 1) be an opportunity to review restraint events, they would not have had otherwise, and 2) promote patients&amp;rsquo; personal recovery processes, and 3) stimulate professional reflection on organizational development and care.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 id=&quot;__sec4title&quot;&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p id=&quot;Par4&quot;&gt;Scientific literature directly addressing PIR s&amp;rsquo; after restraint use is lacking. However, results indicate that PIR may contribute to more professional and ethical practice regarding restraint promotion and the way restraint is executed. The practice of PIR varied, so a specific manual cannot be recommended. More research on PIR use and consequences is needed, especially PIR&amp;rsquo;s potential to contribute to restraint prevention in mental healthcare.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">235</style></issue><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsmidler</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>36</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Johansen, TE</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Helliesen, KH</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psykiatriambulanse Oslo 2020-en prosjektbeskrivelse</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psykiatriambulanse</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reduksjon</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvang</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">05/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://fagarkivet-hioa.archive.knowledgearc.net/bitstream/handle/20.500.12199/3037/PARA3900%20knr%2028%2058.pdf?sequence=4&amp;isAllowed=y</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oslo Met, Bachelor paramedic</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oslo</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Mål.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Denne prosjektbeskrivelsen beskriver en fremgangsmåte for å kartlegge bruken av psykiatriambulanse og om dette vil reduserer tvangsbruk overfor akuttpsykiatriske pasienter prehospitalt i Oslo.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Forskningsdesign og metode.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;I dette prosjektet skal en psykiatriambulanse med utgangspunkt i PAM modellen fra Stockholm settes i drift i Oslo i 6 måneder. Det skal gjennomføres en kvalitativ studie hvor en skal ha semistrukturerte dybdeintervjuer av 15 ansatte på psykiatriambulansen. Det skal kartlegges om denne psykiatriambulansemodellen kan redusere tvangsbruk.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Forankring.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dette prosjektet kan være med på å utvikle prehospital psykiatribehandling både nasjonalt og internasjonalt. Prosjektet har til hensikt å øke pasientmedvirkningen og redusere bruken av tvang i møte med akuttpsykiatriske pasienter.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bachelor Thesis</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvangsinnleggelse, tvangsmidler</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hanssen, O</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rammene for helsepersonelloven § 7. Rammene for behandling av pasienter som ikke samtykker, og/eller motsetter seg helsehjelp med hjemmel i helsepersonelloven §7</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Helsepersonelloven §7</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nødrett</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">plikt</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">øyeblikkelig-hjelp</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">05/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://hdl.handle.net/10037/18200</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UiT, juridisk fakultet</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tromsø</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Oppgaven gir en analyse av rammene for behandling av pasienter som ikke samtykker, og/eller motsetter seg helsehjelp med hjemmel i helsepersonelloven &amp;sect; 7. Det redegjøres for forholdet til tilstøtende regelverk, hvilke skranker som følger av Grunnloven, EMK og Biomedisinkonvensjonen.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Master Thesis</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">etikk</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ida Cecilie Holten Sem</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oda Vestby Hansen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvungent psykisk helsevern - med hovedvekt på psykisk helsevernloven § 3-3</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">juss</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psykisk helsevernloven</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Samtykkekompetanse</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">04/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-72082</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Universitet i Oslo, Det juridiske fakultet</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oslo</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Antall vedtak om tvungent psykisk helsevern har vært stabilt de siste 12 årene. Det har blitt fattet omlag 8000 vedtak hvert år fordelt på omtrent 5 600 personer. I Norge er det en tverrpolitisk målsetting å oppnå økt frivillighet i psykisk helsevern. På bakgrunn av dette ble Lov om etablering og gjennomføring av psykisk helsevern av 2. juli 1999 (psykisk helsevernloven, phvl.) endret i 2017, hvor endringene innebar en innskjerping i adgangen til bruk av tvang i psykisk helsevern. Tall fra Norsk pasientregister viser en viss reduksjon i antall tvangsvedtak mot utgangen av 2017, noe som antas å ha en sammenheng med innføringen av vilkåret om manglende samtykkekompetanse. Tall fra Norsk pasientregister i 2018 indikerer imidlertid allerede nå at denne utviklingen ikke vil vedvare. I denne oppgaven har vi fastlagt innholdet i vilkårene som må være oppfylt for at tvungent psykisk helsevern skal kunne etableres eller opprettholdes etter phvl. &amp;sect; 3-3. Vi har identifisert hvilke formål, hensyn og internasjonale regler som ligger bak utformingen av lovens tvangsbestemmelse fordi vi mener det er en forutsetting å kjenne til grunnleggende hensyn og internasjonale rettskilder for å tolke og anvende lovens bestemmelse. I 2017 ble det i psykisk helsevernloven &amp;sect; 3-3 for etablering og opprettholdelse av tvungent psykisk helsevern innført et nytt selvstendig vilkår om at pasienten må mangle samtykkekompetanse. Vi har undersøkt eventuelle virkninger endringen har fått for vurderingen av om tvungent psykisk helsevern kan etableres eller opprettholdes, samt hvilken betydning endringen har for vurderingen av de øvrige vilkårene i &amp;sect; 3-3. Psykisk helsevernloven &amp;sect; 3-3 oppstiller syv kumulative vilkår, av materiell og prosessuell karakter, som må være oppfylt for at tvungent psykisk helsevern skal kunne etableres eller opprettholdes. Bestemmelsen er omfattende og vilkårene er strenge. Dette innebærer at den faglige ansvarlige står overfor vanskelige vurderinger i praksis. I realiteten treffes gjerne avgjørelsene i et hektisk arbeidsmiljø og i akutte situasjoner som krever raske avgjørelser. Samtidig er det tale om svært inngripende avgjørelser som kan få store konsekvenser for pasienten. Det kan være nødvendig å fatte tvangsvedtak om tvangsinnleggelse av hensyn til pasienten selv og samfunnsvernet. Bestemmelsen er utformet på en måte som skal ivareta pasientens grunnleggende rettsikkerhet og beslutningen skal alltid være den &amp;laquo;klart beste løsning&amp;raquo; for pasienten. Pasientens selvbestemmelsesrett og rettssikkerhet er ment styrket ved innføringen av det nye vilkåret om manglende samtykkekompetanse. Lovgiver oppstiller en generell målsetting i formålsbestemmelsen, jf. phvl. &amp;sect; 1-1, om å redusere bruken av tvang i psykisk helsevern. Styrking av pasientens selvbestemmelsesrett og rettssikkerhet er viktige tiltak for å sikre dette. En utfordring ved tolkningen og anvendelsen av vilkåret om manglende samtykkekompetanse er at begrepet kan oppfattes som vagt og upresist. Riktig anvendelse forutsetter dermed at helsepersonell har tilstrekkelig kunnskap om hvordan vilkåret skal forstås. Innføringen av vilkåret innebærer en omvelting av vurderingen av om tvungent psykisk helsevern skal kunne etableres eller opprettholdes. Ytterligere har vilkåret ført til endringer for vurderingen av de øvrige vilkårene i bestemmelsen. Blant annet har vi vist at behandlingsvilkåret ikke vil kunne komme til anvendelse overfor en samtykkekompetent person. Dette innebærer at pasienter som innehar sin samtykkekompetanse og som er til fare for egen helse ikke lenger vil kunne tvangsinnlegges etter &amp;sect; 3-3.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019-08-01T23:47:42Z</style></accession-num><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse, TUD, Juss</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hanna Christine Julie Mantila</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Therese Johnson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olav Nyttingnes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan Hammer</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Utforsket pasienters opplevelse av tvang</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Akutt psykisk helsevern</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Erfaringskunnskap</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Experience Coercion Scale</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Opplevd tvang</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://static.sykepleien.no/sites/default/files/pdf-export/pdf-export-78900.pdf?c=1570608629</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;I 2018 gjennomførte vi et prosjekt ved Blakstad sykehus hvor vi intervjuet pasienter om deres opplevelser av tvang i akutt psykisk helsevern. I samtalene kom det frem informasjon som er klinisk nyttig og kan brukes i forbedringsarbeid. Deltakerne ga i tillegg uttrykk for at samtalene gjorde at de følte seg sett og tatt på alvor.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsbehandling, Tvangsinnleggelse, Tvangsmidler, Erfaringsbaserte</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hamre, Hanne Sofie Bonnevie</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adgangen til å benytte tvang overfor mennesker med anoreksi i helsetjenesten</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">anorexia nervosa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsbehandling</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">08/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/62507/1/585.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UiO, Det juridiske fakultet</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oslo</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Sammendrag finnes ikke&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Master thesis</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsbehandling</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tonje Lossius Husum</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marit Helene Hem</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reidar Pedersen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">En studie av synet på etiske utfordringer relatert til arbeid med bruk av tvang hos ansatte i psykiske helsetjenester</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Etikk</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">helsepersonell</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">psykiske helsetjenester</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvang</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Senter for medisinsk etikk ved universitetet i Oslo har gjennomført en nettbasert spørreundersøkelse av helsepersonells erfaringer med etiske utfordringer, tvang og krenkelser innen psykiske helsetjenester. Denne artikkelen presenterer en analyse av svarene som ble gitt på et åpent spørsmål om hva helsepersonell erfarte som etisk utfordrende i arbeidet relatert til bruk av tvang. Totalt 439 ansatte med ulik yrkesbakgrunn beskrev en eller flere etiske utfordringer. Svarene ble analysert med manifest innholdsanalyse og rangert etter hvor ofte de ble nevnt. Følgende etiske utfordringene ble nevnt oftest: 1. Tvil og usikkerhet angående bruk av formell tvang, 2. Andre former for restriksjoner, 3. Tvangsmedisinering, 4. Uenighet mellom berørte parter, 5. Utfordringer relatert til utføring av tvangstiltak, 6. Organisatoriske faktorer og mangelfulle ressurser, 7. Overdreven bruk av makt, maktmisbruk og uegnet personell. Studien bidrar med ny kunnskap om hva helsepersonell innen psykiske helsetjenester opplever som etisk utfordrende i sammenheng med bruk av tvang.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Etikk</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kristian Kise Haugland</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thea Røstbakken</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">God fagutøvelse hindrer ikke overgrep</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tidsskrift for Den Norske Laegeforening</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fagutøvelse</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Overgrep</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvang</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://tidsskriftet.no/2018/05/kommentar/god-fagutovelse-hindrer-ikke-overgrep</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">138</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kommentar</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Etikk</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tonje Lossius Husum</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elisa Legernes</style></author></secondary-authors><tertiary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reidar Pedersen</style></author></tertiary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&quot;A plea for recognition&quot; Users' experience of humiliation during mental health care</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Journal of Law and Psychiatry</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humiliation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mental Health</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Qualitative research</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">User experience</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30616849</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;div&gt;Background&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Studies reveal that users of mental health care services sometimes experience humiliation during care. These experiences may influence the users&amp;#39; recovery process and treatment satisfaction.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Method&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Thirteen informants with experience in mental health services were recruited for semi-structured interviews. Informants were recruited through collaboration with users&amp;#39; organisations. Modified text condensation was used for analysis of the qualitative data.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Results&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Users&amp;#39; experiences with humiliation in mental health care were sorted into three main themes. These are themes related to different perspectives between staff and users; themes related to violence of user autonomy; and experiences related to staff attitudes.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Discussion&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The service users in this study spoke about many different kinds of experiences with humiliation during care. It was a main finding that the feeling of not being recognized for one&amp;#39;s own perception of the situation was experienced as a humiliation. This study is a contribution to a better understanding of the humiliation process between staff and users in mental health care services. The findings may be used to improve interaction between staff and users, improve quality of care and to prevent such experiences.&lt;/div&gt;</style></abstract><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Erfaringsbaserte</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olaf Gjerløw Aasland</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tonje Lossius Husum</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reidun Førde</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reidar Pedersen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Store forskjeller i holdninger til tvang blant fagfolk i psykiatrien</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tidsskrift for Den Norske Laegeforening</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holdninger</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psykiater</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psykolog</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvang</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">04/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://tidsskriftet.no/2018/05/debatt/store-forskjeller-i-holdninger-til-tvang-blant-fagfolk-i-psykiatrien</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">138</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Som et ledd i myndighetenes forsøk på å redusere bruk av tvang i psykisk helsevern fikk Senter for medisinsk etikk ved Universitetet i Oslo i 2011&amp;nbsp;midler til et bredt anlagt prosjekt. Formålet var å bidra til mer kunnskap om etiske utfordringer ved bruk av tvang og hvordan slike best kan håndteres. Et sentralt delprosjekt for å redusere tvangsbruk var å prøve ut og evaluere etiske refleksjonsgrupper på avdelingsnivå (&lt;a href=&quot;https://tidsskriftet.no/2018/05/debatt/store-forskjeller-i-holdninger-til-tvang-blant-fagfolk-i-psykiatrien#ref1&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;I samarbeid med Legeforskningsinstituttet (LEFO) var et annet delprosjekt å gjennomføre en nasjonal spørreundersøkelse blant de fem vanligste yrkesgruppene i psykisk helsevern og rusvern; psykiatere, psykologer, sykepleiere, andre fagutdannede og hjelpeyrker, bl.a. for å kartlegge yrkesmessige forskjeller. Et av målene var å undersøke holdninger til tvang. Den første artikkelen fra dette delprosjektet er nylig publisert (&lt;a href=&quot;https://tidsskriftet.no/2018/05/debatt/store-forskjeller-i-holdninger-til-tvang-blant-fagfolk-i-psykiatrien#ref2&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;), og vi ønsker her å dele resultatene med en bredere offentlighet.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Via aktuelle fagorganisasjoner ble det sendt elektroniske spørreskjemaer til alle medlemmer som arbeidet med psykisk helse eller rus, til sammen 15 576 i hele landet. Med denne indirekte utsendelsen var det ikke mulig å purre, og svarprosenten var 7,5 (1 160/15 576). I spørreskjemaet var det seks kliniske situasjoner hvor bruk av tvang kunne være aktuelt (&lt;a href=&quot;https://tidsskriftet.no/2018/05/debatt/store-forskjeller-i-holdninger-til-tvang-blant-fagfolk-i-psykiatrien#box1&quot;&gt;ramme 1&lt;/a&gt;). I hver vignett var det foreslått 3&amp;ndash;5 handlingsalternativer, der minst ett innebar bruk av tvang. På to av vignettene (D og E) var noen av alternativene ulovlige, men dette var ikke nevnt i spørreskjemaet.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></issue><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Etikk</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jorun Rugkåsa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olav Nyttingnes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tone Breines Simonsen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jūratė Šaltytė Benth</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bjørn Lau</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Henriette Riley</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maria Løvsletteng</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tore Buer Christensen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ann-Torunn Andersen Austegard</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Georg Høyer</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The use of outpatient commitment in Norway: Who are the patients and what does it involve?</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coercion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Community psychiatry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Community Treatment Order</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Outpatient commitment</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160252718301900</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;div&gt;Purpose&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Despite one of the longest histories of using Outpatient Commitment (OC), little is known about the use in the Norwegian context. Reporting from the Norwegian Outpatient Commitment Study, this article aims to: establish the profile of the OC population in Norway; ascertain the legal justification for the use of OC and what OC involves for patients; investigate possible associations between selected patient and service characteristics and duration of OC, and; explore potential differences based on gender or rurality.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Methods&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;A retrospective multi-site study, extracting data from the medical records of all patients on OC in six large regional hospitals in 2008&amp;ndash;12, with detailed investigation over 36 months of the subsample of patients on first ever OC-order in 2008&amp;ndash;09. We use descriptive statistics to establish the profile of the OC population and the legal justification for and the content of OC, and logistic regression to examine factors associated with duration of OC over 36 months.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Results&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;1414 patients were on OC over the 5 years, and 274 had their first OC in 2008&amp;ndash;09. The sample included more men than woman, and three-quarters were diagnosed with schizophrenia. They had long service histories, including involuntary admissions. The legal justification for all OC-orders was the need for treatment, and 18% were additionally justified by dangerousness. The option to initiate OC directly from the community was not used in any of the 274 first ever OC-orders. While 98% of patients were prescribed psychotropic medication, under half had an Involuntary Treatment Order, which under the Norwegian OC regime is required in addition to the OC-order to oblige patients to accept treatment (usually medication). 60% of patients had &amp;ge;2 clinical contacts monthly. There were some gender differences in descriptive analyses with men generally being worse off, but no clear pattern in terms of rurality. Patients in the sample had been on OC between one week and 20 years. The median duration of OC over 36 months was 365 days. Three factors contributed to longer duration: the use of the dangerousness criterion; a diagnosis of schizophrenia disorder, and; considerable problems with substance abuse.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Conclusion&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The characteristics of the OC population in Norway are very similar to that reported in other jurisdictions. Medication seems to be the central focus of OC, yet additional Involuntary Treatment Orders are imposed for less than half of patients. While all OC-orders were justified by the need to ensure treatment, risk seems to be a concern for a subgroup of patients who are kept on for longer. How the 2017 amendment to the mental health act, which precludes compulsion for competent patients unless danger is present, will affect OC use, remains to be seen. Further studies should specifically focus on variation in the use of OC, including at the level of individual clinicians.&lt;/div&gt;</style></abstract><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TUD</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Husum, Tonje Lossius</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pedersen, Reidar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hem, Marit Helene</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">En brytningstid i synet på psykiske vansker og behandling - Etiske utfordringer ved bruk av tvang</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Michael</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Etikk</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://hdl.handle.net/10852/64191</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Det norske medicinske Selskab</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">55-67</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Helsetjenestene innehar mulighet til å bruke makt for å hjelpe mennesker i sårbare livssituasjoner. Dette gir også mulighet til maktmisbruk. Det er mange eksempler fra historien som viser at det har fart galt av sted, og understreker hvor viktig det er å kontinuerlig ha etiske vurderinger og kritisk refleksjon i all utføring av helse- og omsorgsarbeid. De siste 20 årene har vi sett et økt fokus på demokratiske prosesser innenfor helsetjenesten, og enkeltindividet har fått sterkere rettigheter og rettsvern. Dette har ført til krav om økt brukermedvirkning, pasientrettigheter og likeverdighet mellom pasient og helsepersonell. De psykiske helsetjenestene har gått inn i en ny tid med økt oppmerksomhet på pasienters egne opplevelser, menneskerettigheter og med mer samarbeidsbaserte arbeidsformer. Hvordan skal ulike legitime interesser avveies hvis de står mot hverandre &amp;ndash; for eksempel hjelpeplikten versus pasientens selvbestemmelse, og pasientens ønsker versus andres sikkerhet (for eksempel pårørende eller samfunnet)? Hva kjennetegner gode beslutningsprosesser der pasienten er alvorlig syk? Hvordan bør helsepersonell håndtere usikkerheten knyttet til effekt av bruk av tvang? Hvordan kan man definere tvang på en god måte? Disse spørsmålene representerer sentrale etiske utfordringer ved bruk av tvang.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">etikk</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inge Joa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kjetil Hustoft</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liss Gøril Anda</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kolbjørn Brønnick</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olav Nielssen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan Olav Johannessen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Johannes H. Langeveld</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public attitudes towards involuntary admission and treatment by mental health services in Norway</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Journal of Law and Psychiatry</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">November-December 2017</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12.10.2017</style></edition><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">55</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-7</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">November-December 2017</style></issue><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reidun Norvoll</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marit Helene Hem</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reidar Pedersen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Role of Ethics in Reducing and Improving the Quality of Coercion in Mental Health Care</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HEC Forum</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March 01</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">29</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">59-74</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1572-8498</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Coercion in mental health care gives rise to many ethical challenges. Many countries have recently implemented state policy programs or development projects aiming to reduce coercive practices and improve their quality. Few studies have explored the possible role of ethics (i.e., ethical theory, moral deliberation and clinical ethics support) in such initiatives. This study adds to this subject by exploring health professionals&amp;rsquo; descriptions of their ethical challenges and strategies in everyday life to ensure morally justified coercion and best practices. Seven semi-structured telephone interviews were carried out in 2012 with key informants in charge of central development projects and quality-assurance work in mental health services in Norway. No facilities used formal clinical ethics support. However, the informants described five areas in which ethics was of importance: moral concerns as implicit parts of local quality improvement initiatives; moral uneasiness and idealism as a motivational source of change; creating a normative basis for development work; value-based leadership; and increased staff reflexivity on coercive practices. The study shows that coercion entails both individual and institutional ethical aspects. Thus, various kinds of moral deliberation and ethics support could contribute to addressing coercion challenges by offering more systematic ways of dealing with moral concerns. However, more strategic use of implicit and institutional ethics is also needed.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Etikk</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bert Molewijk</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Almar Kok</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tonje Husum</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reidar Pedersen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olaf Aasland</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Staff’s normative attitudes towards coercion: the role of moral doubt and professional context—a cross-sectional survey study</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BMC Medical Ethics</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">37</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Etikk, Tvangsinnleggelse</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marthe Kirkesæther Brun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tonje Lossius Husum</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reidar Pedersen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsmedisinering i psykisk helsevern – en systematisk litteraturgjennomgang</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psykologtidsskriftet</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsmedisinering</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.psykologtidsskriftet.no/index.php?seks_id=480571&amp;a=3</style></url></web-urls></urls><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">54</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">side 186-195</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsmedisinering</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reitan, Solveig Klæbo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Helvik, Anne-Sofie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Iversen, Valentina</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Use of mechanical and pharmacological restraint over an eight-year period and its relation to clinical factors</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coercion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mechanical</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pharmacological</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Restraint</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">variation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">09/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08039488.2017.1373854</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">72</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24-30</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p xmlns:mml=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot; xmlns:oasis=&quot;http://docs.oasis-open.org/ns/oasis-exchange/table&quot; xmlns:xsi=&quot;http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Background:&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Use of restraint and finding the balance between security and ethics is a continuous dilemma in clinical psychiatry. In daily clinic and in planning health-care service, knowledge on the characteristics of restraint situations is necessary to optimize its use and avoid abuse.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p xmlns:mml=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot; xmlns:oasis=&quot;http://docs.oasis-open.org/ns/oasis-exchange/table&quot; xmlns:xsi=&quot;http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;We describe characteristics in the use of pharmacological and mechanical restraint in psychiatric acute wards in a hospital in Middle Norway over an eight-year period. Data on all cases of mechanical and pharmacological restraint from 2004 to 2011 were retrospectively collected from hand-written protocols. Complementary information on the patients was obtained from the hospital patient administrative system.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p xmlns:mml=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot; xmlns:oasis=&quot;http://docs.oasis-open.org/ns/oasis-exchange/table&quot; xmlns:xsi=&quot;http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Restraint in acute wards was used on 13 persons per 100,000 inhabitants annually. The percentage of admitted patients exposed to restraint was 1.7%, with a mean of 4.5 cases per exposed patient. Frequency per 100 admitted patients varied from 3.7 (in 2007) to 10 (in 2009). The majority of restraint cases concerned male patients under 50 years and with substance-abuse, psychotic, or affective disorders. Significantly more coercive means were used during daytime compared to night and morning. There was a significant increase in pharmacological coercion during spring and mechanical coercion during summer.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p xmlns:mml=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot; xmlns:oasis=&quot;http://docs.oasis-open.org/ns/oasis-exchange/table&quot; xmlns:xsi=&quot;http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Restraint was used on 1.7% of admitted patients, representing 13 per 100,000 inhabitants per year. Use of restraint was higher during certain periods of the day and was associated with the patient&amp;rsquo;s diagnosis, age, gender, and legal status of hospitalization. There was a marked variation over the years.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></section><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsmidler</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kjetil Hustoft</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tor Ketil Larsen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kolbjørn Brønnick</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inge Joa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan Olav Johannessen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Torleif Ruud</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Voluntary or involuntary acute psychiatric hospitalization in Norway: A 24 h follow up study</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Journal of Law and Psychiatry</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160252716303016</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">56</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">27-34</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">January-February 2018</style></issue><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>46</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Helsedirektoratet</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bruk av tvang i psykisk helsevern for voksne i 2014</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://bit.ly/1nI7Pdm</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Statistikk</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stensrud, B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hoyer, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beston, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Granerud, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landheim, A. S.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&quot;Care or control?&quot;: a qualitative study of staff experiences with outpatient commitment orders</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26873613</style></url></web-urls></urls><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0933-7954</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TUD, Erfaringsbaserte</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan Hammer</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roar Fosse</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Åse Lyngstad</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paul Møller</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Didrik Heggdal</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effekten av komplementær ytre regulering (KYR) på tvangstiltak</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psykologtidsskriftet</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">autonomy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">basal exposure therapy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">coercion reduction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">complementary external regulation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">complex mental disorders</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">psychotic disorders</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">07/2916</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://psykologtidsskriftet.no/vitenskapelig-artikkel/2016/07/effekten-av-komplementaer-ytre-regulering-kyr-pa-tvangstiltak</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">53</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Norsk studie om reduksjon av tvangsmidler og skjerming. Studien viser en&lt;br /&gt;markant reduksjon av tvangsvedtak fra 2006&amp;ndash;2008 (før KYR var implementert)&lt;br /&gt;til henholdsvis 2009&amp;ndash;2011 og 2012&amp;ndash;2014. Gjennomsnittlig antall&lt;br /&gt;tvangsvedtak per pasient ble redusert fra 23,5 til 0,3 (99 %). Andelen&lt;br /&gt;pasienter med minst ett tvangsvedtak gikk ned fra 60,5 % til 15,4 % (74 %),&lt;br /&gt;mens andelen pasienter med minst seks vedtak gikk ned fra 40 % til 0 % (100&lt;br /&gt;%). Nedgangen i tvangsvedtak var tydeligst for korttidsvirkende legemidler,&lt;br /&gt;fulgt av mekaniske tvangsmidler.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fagfellevurdert artikkel</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">518</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marit Helene Hem</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elisabeth Gjerberg</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tonje Lossius Husum</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reidar Pedersen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ethical challenges when using coercion in mental healthcare: A systematic literature review</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nursing Ethics</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://nej.sagepub.com/content/early/2016/02/29/0969733016629770</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Etikk</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nikolai L. D. Fuglseth</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rolf Gjestad</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liv Solrunn Mellesdal</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Steinar Hunskaar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ketil Joachim Ødegaard</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ingrid Hjulstad Johansen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Factors associated with disallowance of compulsory mental healthcare referrals</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavia</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/acps.12545/epdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-9</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Georg Høyer</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Herman Wedel Major – personen, legen og reformatoren</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://tidsskriftet.no/pdf/pdf2016/1106-8.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnelggelse</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hanne Clausen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Torleif Ruud</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sigrun Odden</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JūratėŠaltytė Benth</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kristin Sverdvik Heiervang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hanne Kilen Stuen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Helen Killaspy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Robert E. Drake</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anne Landheim</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hospitalisation of severely mentally ill patients with and without problematic substance use before and during Assertive Community Treatment: an observational cohort study</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BMC Psychiatry</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dagfinn Bjørgen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reidun Norvoll</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tonje Lossius Husum</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hvordan forebygge tvang?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PsykologtidsskriftetPsykologtidsskriftet</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.psykologtidsskriftet.no/index.php?seks_id=455311&amp;a=3</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Erfaringsbaserte</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Georg Høyer</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kontrollkommisjonene i psykisk helsevern – Herman Wedel Majors nyskapning</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://tidsskriftet.no/pdf/pdf2016/1109-12.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reidun Førde</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reidun Norvoll</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marit Helene Hem</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reidar Pedersen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Next of kin’s experiences of involvement during involuntary hospitalization and coercion</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BMC Medical EthicsBMC Medical Ethics</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24.11.2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">76</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Erfaringsbaserte</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Løvsletten, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haug, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Granerud, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nordby, K.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prevalence and management of patients with outpatient commitment in the mental health services</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nordic Journal of Psychiatry</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TUD</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">02/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">70</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">401-406</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Background People with mental health problems are mostly treated within the community. The law allows for the use of compulsory mental health care both in hospital and in the community. Various forms of&amp;nbsp;outpatient commitment&amp;nbsp;(OC) have been adopted in much European legislation. To be subjected to OC is a serious intervention in a person&amp;#39;s life. Aim The purpose of this study is to gain knowledge about patients who undergo OC. The study explores the incidence and prevalence of OC in a geographical area, the central characteristics of the sample, and how the framework for follow-up treatment for patients to resolve OC works. Methods The data were collected from a review of electronic patient records. The statistical methods used in this study were descriptive analysis, with frequency analysis and cross-tabulation analysis. Results The main finding in the present study is that the use of OC has increased. An important finding is that most of the patients have a decision made for OC that is justified by the treatment criterion. The present study shows that there is insufficient documentation on statutory responsibilities for follow-up treatment of patients with an OC. Conclusions This study shows that the use of OC has increased. It should be considered whether implemented measures to reduce the use of coercion have the desired effect.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">401</style></section><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TUD</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hult, Veslemøy Thoresen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tilbakeførende endringer. 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face="normal" font="default" size="100%">selvbestemmelsesrett</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvungent psykisk helsevern</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vilkår</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">03/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/42734/1/590.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UiO, Det juridiske fakultet</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oslo</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Sammendrag finnes ikke&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Master thesis</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">etikk</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marit Helene Hem</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molewijk, Bert</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reidar Pedersen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ethical challenges in connection with the use of coercion: a focus group study of health care personnel in mental health care</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BMC Medical Ethics</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">82</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">82</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geir F Lorem</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hem, Marit H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molewijk, Bert</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Good coercion: Patients' moral evaluation of coercion in mental health care.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Journal of Mental Health Nursing</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25394674#</style></url></web-urls></urls><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-10</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal article</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TvangsinnleggelseTvangsbehandling</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brit Karin Velle Hegge</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hvordan kan sykepleier med utgangspunkt i et selvpsykologisk perspektiv ivareta pasient med rusutløst psykose på skjerming?</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rusutløst psykose</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Skjerming</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sykepleie</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://himolde.brage.unit.no/himolde-xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/222805/fordypning_hegge.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Høgskolen i Molde</style></publisher><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bacheloroppgave</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvangsmidler</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ragnfrid Kogstad</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ekeland, Tor-Johan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hummelvoll, Jan Kaare</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Knowledge Concealed in Users' Narratives, Valuing Clients' Experiences as Coherent Knowledge in Their Own Right</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Advances in Psychiatry</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/786138</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Henriette Holden</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">«Kvifor stoppa de meg ikkje?»</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">innskrenket kontakt med omverdenen</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mani</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">omsorg</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">respekt</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Skjerming</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sosiale medier</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ukritisk autonomi</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://hvlopen.brage.unit.no/hvlopen-xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/197305/Bach2014_Holden.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Høgskulen på Vestlandet</style></publisher><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Bruk av sosiale media aukar i popularitet, og mange delar informasjon eller bilete offentleg. Dette kan medføre vanskar for den det gjeld, då det er uvisst kor mykje som kan fjernast att. Særleg kan dette bli eit problem hos ukritiske pasientar. Av den grunn ser eg på det som eit viktig tema og noko som ein bør ta tak i før det gjev for stor skade. På bakgrunn av dette utarbeidde eg problemstillinga &amp;laquo;Korleis kan sjukepleiar skjerme pasient i manisk fase, og hindre eksponering på sosiale media?&amp;raquo;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ein manisk, og derav ukritisk pasient treng skjerming. Skjerminga bør også omfatte bruken av sosiale media. Samarbeid er ein viktig nøkkel. Vil det vere mogleg å samtale med pasienten, dermed komme til einighet om bruk av sosiale medium? Autonomi, respekt og omsorg er sentrale begrep i psykisk helsearbeid.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bacheloroppgave</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvangsmidler</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pål Hartvig</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carl Fredrik Haaland</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Luftegårder i psykiatrien – et gufs fra fortiden eller et humant pasienttilbud?</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://tidsskriftet.no/article/3233173</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforeningen</style></publisher><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Henriette Riley</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Georg Høyer</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geir F Lorem</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">‘When coercion moves into your home’ – a qualitative study of patient experiences with outpatient commitment in Norway</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health &amp; Social Care in the Community</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/hsc.12107/full</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TUD</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Veronica Dahl Haugen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adgangen til bruk av tvang under tvungent psykisk helsevern - rettssikkerheten til pasienter med psykiske lidelser</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Det juridiske fakultet</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-41916</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Universitet i Oslo</style></publisher><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Master Thesis</style></work-type></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>46</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Helsedirektoratet</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bruk av tvang i psykisk helsevern for voksne i 2012</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://helsedirektoratet.no/publikasjoner/bruk-av-tvang-i-psykisk-helsevern-for-voksne</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse, Tvangsmidler, Tvangsbehandling, Statistikk</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trond Hatling</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bruk av tvang i psykiske helsetjenester</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gyldendal Akademisk</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reidun Norvoll (red.), Samfunn og psykisk helse. Samfunnsvitenskapelige perspektiver. </style></pub-location><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-82-05-40913-2</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsbehandling, Tvangsmidler, Etikk</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roaldset, J. O.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hartvig, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bjørkly, S.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Can lipid analysis help identify repeatedly violent patients after discharge from acute psychiatry?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psychiatry Research</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this study of 196 patients discharged from an acute psychiatric ward, 11 patients (6%) were identified as exhibiting repeated violence and having frequent readmissions. Compared with non-violent patients and those with only one violent post-discharge episode, repeatedly violent patients were significantly characterised by male gender, higher rates of previous threats of violence, lack of empathy, more severe violence during follow-up, and lower high-density lipoprotein levels. © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.</style></notes><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Annet</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kim-Andre Nestaker Hauklien</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Henning Nilsen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Det urolige sinn</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Akutt</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">akuttpsykiatrisk</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bipolar</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mani</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Skjerming</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sykepleie</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sykepleier</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://brage.inn.no/inn-xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/133286/Hauklien_Nilsen.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Høgskolen i Innlandet</style></publisher><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Introduksjon: Oppgaven tar utgangspunkt i sykepleie til mennesker i en alvorlig manisk fase, på en skjermet enhet ved en akuttpsykiatrisk avdeling. Videre omhandler oppgaven hvordan sykepleieren kan unngå å krenke pasientens verdighet under tvangsinnleggelse.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hensikt: Hensikten med oppgaven å lære mer om hvordan vi kan møte en tvangsinnlagt manisk pasient med verdighet og integritet, samtidig med en faglig forståelse.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Metode: Dette er en litteraturstudie. Det er brukt en utforskende teoretisk tilnærming i henhold til pensumlitteratur, relevant egenvalgt litteratur og forskning.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Resultater: Oppgaven viser at bipolar lidelse og mani kan ha flere omfattende problemområder. Det belyses flere temaer som sykepleieren må ta med seg i møte med den maniske pasienten. Videre viser oppgaven hvordan sykepleieren kan gjøre oppholdet på skjerming best mulig for pasienten, gjennom god kommunikasjon og miljøterapi for å skape en god relasjon. Hvordan sykepleieren løser etiske konflikter er også noe som er en stor del av hele behandlingen, ettersom det kommer frem at dette ofte er et problem i psykisk helsevern, særegent i møte med tvang.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Konklusjon: Det viser seg å være vanskelig for sykepleieren å unngå krenkelse av pasientens verdighet i den akutte fasen. Men sykepleieren må heller fokusere på og hjelpe pasienten til å unngå å krenke seg selv, som følge av handlingene manien kan føre med seg.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bacheloroppgave</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Espen Woldsengen Haugom</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">En kvalitativ studie av hvordan skjerming beskrives og vurderes av miljøpersonal ved psykiatriske sykehus</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">beskrives</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">miljøpersonal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">miljøterapi</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Skjerming</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sykepleie</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vurdering</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://brage.inn.no/inn-xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/132608/Haugom.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Høgskolen i Innlandet</style></publisher><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Bakgrunn - En litteraturgjennomgang av begrepet skjerming viser at det blir forstått som både behandling og kontroll. Det er geografiske forskjeller når det gjelder bruk av tvang, deriblant skjerming.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hensikt - Hensikten med denne studien er å undersøke hvordan miljøpersonalet ved psykiatriske sykehus beskriver og vurderer skjerming.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Metode - Dette er en kvalitativ studie med en induktiv tilnærming. Data materialet er deler av Akuttnettverkets landsomfattende skjermingsprosjekt. Datainnsamling har foregått ved at miljøpersonalet har beskrevet et skjermingsforløp på et semistrukturert skjema hvor de har redegjort for indikasjoner, målsettinger, tiltak, avslutning og etiske aspekter under skjerming. Studien er deskriptiv med et eksplorativt design. Analysen er basert på Graneheim og Lundmans kvalitative innholdsanalyse&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Funn - Skjerming ble beskrevet som en tvetydig praksis, dvs. at skjerming kan forstås på flere måter. Det ses en tydelig spenning mellom skjerming som kontroll og som behandling, hvor kontroll ble beskrevet å være viktigst. Viktige behandlingsmessige elementer ved skjerming ble nevnt. Skjerming innebærer isolering i forskjellige grader og etisk refleksjon ble beskrevet å være vesentlig.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Konklusjon - Den tydelige spenningen mellom kontroll og behandling innebærer at makt og tvang blir benyttet, og dette påvirker behandlingsrelasjonen. Dilemma blir å skape et miljø som sikrer vekst og behandling samtidig som behovet for struktur og sikkerhet blir ivaretatt. Dette må gjøres ved å myndiggjøre pasienten og ha fokus på de behandlingsmessige elementene. Pasienten må møtes som et medmenneske som selv vet hva som skal til for å få et bedre liv.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mastergradsoppgave</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvangsmidler</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trygve Nissen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Per Rørvik</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Laila Haugslett</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rolf Wynn</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physical Restraint and Near Death of a Psychiatric Patient</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Forensic Sciences</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1556-4029.2012.02290.x/full</style></url></web-urls></urls><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></number><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsmidler</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kjetil Hustoft</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tor Ketil Larsen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bjørn Auestad</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inge Joa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan Olav Johanessen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Torleif Ruud</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Predictors of involuntary hospitalizations to acute psychiatry</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Journal of Law and Psychiatry</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160252713000071</style></url></web-urls></urls><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">36</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse, Etikk</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ingrid Hjulstad Johansen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liv Solrunn Mellesdal</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hugo A Jørgensen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Steinar Hunskaar</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Admissions to a Norwegian emergency psychiatric ward: patient characteristics and referring agents. 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font="default" size="100%">Kristin Thuve Dahm</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kari Ann Leiknes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tonje Lossius Husum</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ingvild Kirkehei</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bjørn Hoffmann</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hilde Tinderholt Myrhaug</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kjetil Gundro Brurberg</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Therese Kristine Dalsbø</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liv Merete Reinar</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effekt av tiltak for å redusere tvangsbruk i psykisk helsevern for voksne</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.kunnskapssenteret.no/publikasjoner/effekt-av-tiltak-for-a-redusere-tvangsbruk-i-psykisk-helsevern-for-voksne</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nasjonalt kunnskapssenter for helsetjenesten</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oslo</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nr 09-2012</style></volume><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-82-8121-484-2</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gratis</style></notes><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse, Tvangsmidler</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>19</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haugom, Espen Woldsengen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">En drøftning av sammenhengen mellom behandlingsrelasjonen og opplevd tvang i psykisk helsevern</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://brage.bibsys.no/xmlui/handle/11250/132183</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Høgskolen i Hedmark, studentoppgave</style></publisher><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Studentoppgave</style></work-type><label><style 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size="100%">Egil Anders Haugen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jarle Johannessen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Urd Loftesnes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geir Olsen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ingvild Bua</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monica Borge Fosse</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kunnskapssenteret</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mekaniske tvangsmidler – bruk i psykisk helsevern</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.helsebiblioteket.no/microsite/fagprosedyrer/fagprosedyrer/mekaniske-tvangsmidler-bruk-i-psykisk-helsevern</style></url></web-urls></urls><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Helsebibliokteket </style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsmidler</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reidar Ove Høyholm</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reduksjon og forebygging av tvang og skjerming til psykotiske pasienter i psykiatrisk akuttavdeling</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">akuttavdeling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">akuttpost</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">akuttpsykiatri</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forebygging</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">psykose</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">psykotisk</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reduksjon</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Skjerming</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://nordopen.nord.no/nord-xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/146637/Fordypningsoppgave%20Reidar%20Ove%20H%c3%b8yholm%20.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HiNT (Høgskolen i Nord-Trøndelag), avd. for helsefag</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Namsos</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Bakgrunn: Tvang og skjerming er kontroversielt i dagens helsevesen. Reduksjon og forebygging av disse intervensjonene har de seneste årene blitt sett på med økende interesse, internasjonalt som nasjonalt. Denne studien ser på hva som reduserer eller forebygger tvang og skjerming.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Metode: Oppgaven tar utgangspunkt i en systematisk litteraturstudie hvor data fra 8 primærkilder benyttes. Primærkildene i denne oppgaven er publiserte forskningsartikler. Analysen i denne studien er en empirisk basert analyse.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Resultat: Resultatet av denne litteraturstudien omfatter 8 vitenskapelige artikler der 7 er utført med en kvantitativ metode, og en er utført med en kvalitativ metode. Studiene er utført i følgende land: Australia, USA, Canada, Finland og Norge. Hovedfunnene i denne studien utgjør til sammen 6 kategorier. Tre av disse kategoriene kan sies å være av en viss størrelse. Disse er: Organisasjon, holdninger og kontroll. De tre andre kategoriene er nevnt i en eller to artikler og blir i studien lite omtalt. Disse kategoriene er kunnskapsøkning, bemanningsøkning og jobbtilfredshet.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Konklusjon: Studien viser at det er mange faktorer som påvirker målet om å redusere eller forebygge tvang og skjerming. Hovedfunnene i denne studien indikerer at det er i hovedsak tre kategorier som kan påvirke disse faktorene. Disse er organisasjon, holdninger og kontroll. Videre forskning bør ha fokus på alternativene til tvang og skjerming. 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