<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>36</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brodie Paterson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">James Taylor</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Michael Bell</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ian McIntosh</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Christopher Stirling</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reframing human rights-based approaches to the misuse of restraint. A binary approach is needed</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN HEALTHCARE</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dignity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">06/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Viewpoint</style></work-type></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Veenu Gupta</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Catrin Eames</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alison Bryant</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beth Greenhill</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Laura Golding</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jennifer Day</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peter Fisher</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Identifying the priorities for supervision by lived experience researchers: a Q sort study</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BMC Research involvement and engagement</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lived experience researcher, supervision, Q methodology, reflexivity, identity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25/06/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40900-024-00596-w</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; Lived experience researchers draw on their lived and living experiences to either lead on or inform research. Their personal experiences are relevant to the research topic and so they must manage the interplay of their health and healthcare experiences with the research, population, and data they work with, as well as the more general challenges of being a researcher. Lived experience researchers must navigate these dilemmas in addition to queries over their competency, due to issues relating to intersectionality and epistemic injustice. This justifies a motivation to better understand the experiences of lived experience researchers and develop appropriate and personalised supervision based on their preferences and needs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Q methodology was used to identify a collection of identity-related issues that impact lived experience researchers during PhD research in the context of the UK. These issues were presented in the form of 54 statements to 18 lived experience researchers to prioritise as topics to explore in supervision.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Result:&lt;/strong&gt; It was found that lived experiences researchers could be grouped into three distinct factors following an inverted factor analysis: Factor 1: Strengthening my identity, skills, growth, and empowerment; Factor 2: Exploring the emotional and relational link I have with the research and Factor 3: Navigating my lived and professional experiences practically and emotionally. The findings suggest that there may be three types of lived experience researchers, each with different needs from supervision, suggesting the population is heterogeneous.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;The research identified a deeper understanding of the needs of lived experience researchers and highlights the importance of personalised supervision according to the individual needs of the researcher and their preferences for supervision. The findings reinforce the importance of integrating a clinical dimension into supervision to support the needs of all lived experience researchers.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>19</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geir Smeslund</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vigdis Underland</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rigmor Berg</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forskning om betydningen av universell utforming i fysisk miljø for personer med psykisk eller kognitiv funksjonsnedsettelse: systematisk litteratursøk med sortering</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Folkehelseinstituttet</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://munin.uit.no/bitstream/handle/10037/29116/article.pdf?sequence=2&amp;isAllowed=y</style></url></web-urls></urls><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-82-8406-361-4</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;div&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Segoe UI, Roboto, Helvetica Neue, Arial, sans-serif, Apple Color Emoji, Segoe UI Emoji, Segoe UI Symbol&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14px&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color:#f5f5f5&quot;&gt;Personer med psykisk funksjonsnedsettelse har rett til å få det fysiske miljøet utformet på en slik måte at det legger til rette for deres likeverdige bruk.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Segoe UI, Roboto, Helvetica Neue, Arial, sans-serif, Apple Color Emoji, Segoe UI Emoji, Segoe UI Symbol&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14px&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color:#f5f5f5&quot;&gt;Vi utførte en systematisk kunnskapsoppsummering av typen &amp;lsquo;systematisk litteratursøk med sortering&amp;rsquo;, for å identifisere litteraturoversikter om betydningen av universell utforming i det fysiske miljøet for personer med psykisk eller kognitiv funksjonsnedsettelse. Vi søkte i januar 2023 i ulike samfunnsvitenskapelige databaser etter litteraturoversikter, publisert 2012-2023. Forskere gikk gjennom identifiserte referanser og vurderte relevans i henhold til inklusjonskriteriene. De beskrev i korte trekk hver litteraturoversikt som møtte inklusjonskriteriene.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Segoe UI, Roboto, Helvetica Neue, Arial, sans-serif, Apple Color Emoji, Segoe UI Emoji, Segoe UI Symbol&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14px&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color:#f5f5f5&quot;&gt;12 litteraturoversikter møtte inklusjonskriteriene:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Segoe UI, Roboto, Helvetica Neue, Arial, sans-serif, Apple Color Emoji, Segoe UI Emoji, Segoe UI Symbol&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14px&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color:#f5f5f5&quot;&gt;Alle inkluderte studier med både menn og kvinner &amp;bull; Fire oversikter fokuserte på barn og/eller unge og tre fokuserte på voksne (fem spesifiserte el. avgrenset ikke)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Segoe UI, Roboto, Helvetica Neue, Arial, sans-serif, Apple Color Emoji, Segoe UI Emoji, Segoe UI Symbol&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14px&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color:#f5f5f5&quot;&gt;Oversiktene tok for seg ulike typer psykiske funksjonsnedsettelser, og hyppigst studert var autismespekterforstyrrelser&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Segoe UI, Roboto, Helvetica Neue, Arial, sans-serif, Apple Color Emoji, Segoe UI Emoji, Segoe UI Symbol&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14px&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color:#f5f5f5&quot;&gt;Oversiktene tok for seg ulike typer bygg, særlig skolebygninger (n=7) og arbeidsplasser (n=5)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Segoe UI, Roboto, Helvetica Neue, Arial, sans-serif, Apple Color Emoji, Segoe UI Emoji, Segoe UI Symbol&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14px&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color:#f5f5f5&quot;&gt;Oversiktene fokuserte hyppigst på lys og lyd/støy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Segoe UI, Roboto, Helvetica Neue, Arial, sans-serif, Apple Color Emoji, Segoe UI Emoji, Segoe UI Symbol&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14px&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color:#f5f5f5&quot;&gt;Ni oversikter undersøkte funksjonsnivå (inkludert helse) og fire undersøkte likeverdig tilgjengelighet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Segoe UI, Roboto, Helvetica Neue, Arial, sans-serif, Apple Color Emoji, Segoe UI Emoji, Segoe UI Symbol&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14px&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color:#f5f5f5&quot;&gt;Ingen av oversiktene fokuserte på behov og/eller ønsker mht. universell utforming&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Segoe UI, Roboto, Helvetica Neue, Arial, sans-serif, Apple Color Emoji, Segoe UI Emoji, Segoe UI Symbol&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14px&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color:#f5f5f5&quot;&gt;Denne kunnskapsoppsummeringen viser at det fins flere litteraturoversikter om universell utforming for personer med psykisk eller kognitiv funksjonsnedsettelse. Ingen fokuserer på personers behov og/eller ønsker, personer med fobier eller psykisk utviklingshemninger og kun et fåtall type bygg er studert i disse litteraturoversiktene.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forskningsrapport</style></work-type><orig-pub><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research on the significance of universal design in the physical environment for persons with mental or cognitive disability: a systematic literature search with categorization</style></orig-pub></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>27</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Esben Søndergaard Bruun Olesen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trond Bliksvær</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lea Louise Videt</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marius Storvik</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lena Augusta Ulfseth</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Willy Lichtwarck</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"> GRENSESETTING OG BRUK AV TVANG OVERFOR BARN I FOSTERHJEM</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GRENSESETTING OG BRUK AV TVANG OVERFOR BARN I FOSTERHJEM</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">barn</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fosterhjem</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">grensesetting</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvang</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">08/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://munin.uit.no/bitstream/handle/10037/30431/article.pdf?sequence=2&amp;isAllowed=y</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nordlandsforskning AS</style></publisher><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-82-7321-872-8</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Denne forskningsrapporten undersøker grensesetting og bruk av tvang overfor barn som bor i fosterhjem. Studien er utført på oppdrag fra Barne-, ungdoms- - og familiedirektoratet (Bufdir). Med utgangspunkt i oppdraget fra Bufdir undersøkes følgende problemstillinger i rapporten: i) Det analyseres hvordan relevante aktører oppfatter og opplever grensesetting og bruken av tvang i fosterhjem, og hvordan de forstår grensen mellom forsvarlig grensesetting og uønsket grensesetting eller tvang. Dette gjelder unge som bor i fosterhjem, fosterforeldre, ansatte i barneverntjenester, tilsynspersoner og ansatte hos statsforvalteren. ii) Det gjennomføres en kartlegging av omfanget og innholdet av grensesetting og tvangsbruk i norske fosterhjem, herunder en kartlegging av hvordan fosterforeldre håndterer tvangssituasjoner og hvilke strategier som benyttes for å forebygge uønsket grensesetting og tvang. iii) Tilsynssystemets funksjon i relasjon til grensesetting og tvang i fosterhjem undersøkes. iv) Det gjennomføres en kartlegging av hvilke forebyggende tiltak og støtteforanstaltninger fosterhjem mottar for å begrense bruken av tvang og uønsket grensesetting. v) Med utgangspunkt i gjeldende lover og forskrifter, samt funnene i rapporten, undersøkes det om den rettslige reguleringen av tvangsbruk i fosterhjem er tilstrekkelig. Basert på funnene i rapporten presenteres en rekke anbefalinger om bruk av grensesetting og tvang overfor barn som bor i fosterhjem. Rapporten bygger på et forskningsdesign som benytter både kvalitativ og kvantitativ metode. Det kvantitative materialet omfatter to nasjonale spørreundersøkelser til henholdsvis fosterforeldre og ledere av landets barnevernstjenester. Det kvalitative materialet omfatter intervjuer med følgende aktører: 1) barn og unge som bor, eller har bodd, i fosterhjem. 2) fosterforeldre, 3) ansatte i barnevernet, 4) tilsynspersoner og 5) ansatte hos statsforvalterne. Analytisk tas det utgangspunkt i den metodologiske og teoretiske retningen institusjonell etnografi, hvor sosiale fenomener undersøkes med et nedenfra-opp perspektiv. Dermed vektlegges perspektivet til aktørene og deres erfaringer og fortellinger forstås ut fra den institusjonelle konteksten de befinner seg i.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rapport</style></work-type></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hirsch, Sophie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baumgardt, Johanna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bechdolf, Andreas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Buhling-Schindowski, Felix</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cole, Celline</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flammer, Erich</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mahler, Lieselotte</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muche, Rainer</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sauter, Dorothea</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vandamme, Angelika</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Steinert, Tilman</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Implementation of guidelines on prevention of coercion and violence: baseline data of the randomized controlled PreVCo study</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Frontiers in Psychiatry</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coercion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">evidence based care</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">guidelines</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">implementation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mental heath</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psychiatry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Restraint</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seclusion</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The PreVCo study examines whether a structured, operationalized implementation of guidelines to prevent coercion actually leads to fewer coercive measures on psychiatric wards. It is known from the literature that rates of coercive measures differ greatly between hospitals within a country. Studies on that topic also showed large Hawthorne effects. Therefore, it is important to collect valid baseline data for the comparison of similar wards and controlling for observer effects.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hirsch, Sophie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baumgardt, Johanna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bechdolf, Andreas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Buhling-Schindowski, Felix</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cole, Celline</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flammer, Erich</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mahler, Lieselotte</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muche, Rainer</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sauter, Dorothea</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vandamme, Angelika</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Steinert, Tilman</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Implementation of guidelines on prevention of coercion and violence: baseline data of the randomized controlled PreVCo study</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Frontiers in Psychiatry</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coercion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">evidence based care</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">guidelines</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">implementation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mental heath</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psychiatry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Restraint</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seclusion</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The PreVCo study examines whether a structured, operationalized implementation of guidelines to prevent coercion actually leads to fewer coercive measures on psychiatric wards. It is known from the literature that rates of coercive measures differ greatly between hospitals within a country. Studies on that topic also showed large Hawthorne effects. Therefore, it is important to collect valid baseline data for the comparison of similar wards and controlling for observer effects.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>36</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tella Lantta</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Joy Duxbury</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alina Haines Delmot</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anna Bjørkdahl</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Models, frameworks and theories in the implementation of programs targeted to reduce formal coercion in mental health settings: a systematic review</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coercion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">coercive measures</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">implementation science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">implementation tool</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">intervention</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mental Health</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">psychiatric care</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">96/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychiatry/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1158145/full</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;troduction: Implementation models, frameworks and theories (hereafter tools) provide researchers and clinicians with an approach to understand the processes and mechanisms for the successful implementation of healthcare innovations. Previous research in mental health settings has revealed, that the implementation of coercion reduction programs presents a number of challenges. However, there is a lack of systematized knowledge of whether the advantages of implementation science have been utilized in this field of research. This systematic review aims to gain a better understanding of which tools have been used by studies when implementing programs aiming to reduce formal coercion in mental health settings, and what implementation outcomes they have reported. Methods: A systematic search was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science. A manual search was used to supplement database searches. Quality appraisal of included studies was undertaken using MMAT&amp;mdash;Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. A descriptive and narrative synthesis was formed based on extracted data. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed in this review. Results: We identified 5,295 references after duplicates were removed. Four additional references were found with a manual search. In total eight studies reported in nine papers were included in the review. Coercion reduction programs that were implemented included those that were holistic, and/or used professional judgement, staff training and sensory modulation interventions. Eight different implementation tools were identified from the included studies. None of them reported all eight implementation outcomes sought from the papers. The most frequently reported outcomes were acceptability (4/8 studies) and adaptation (3/8). With regards to implementation costs, no data were provided by any of the studies. The quality of the studies was assessed to be overall quite low. Discussion: Systematic implementation tools are seldom used when efforts are being made to embed interventions to reduce coercive measures in routine mental health care. More high-quality studies are needed in the research area that also involves perspectives of service users and carers. In addition, based on our review, it is unclear what the costs and resources are needed to implement complex interventions with the guidance of an implementation tool. Systematic review registration: [Prospero], identifier [CRD42021284959].&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Systematic Review</style></work-type></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olav Nyttingnes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jūratė Šaltytė Benth</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tore Hofstad</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jorun Rugkåsa</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The relationship between area levels of involuntary psychiatric care and patient outcomes: a longitudinal national register study from Norway</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BMC Psychiatry (Open Access)</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alvorlige psykiske lidelser</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coercion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Compulsion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Involuntary care</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mental health legislation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psykisk helse-lovgivning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Register study</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Registerstudie</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Severe mental disorders</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvang</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangstiltak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ufrivillig omsorg</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">02/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12888-023-04584-4</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;h3 data-test=&quot;abstract-sub-heading&quot;&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mental health legislation permits involuntary care of patients with severe mental disorders who meet set legal criteria. The Norwegian Mental Health Act assumes this will improve health and reduce risk of deterioration and death. Professionals have warned against potentially adverse effects of recent initiatives to heighten involuntary care thresholds, but no studies have investigated whether high thresholds have adverse effects.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=&quot;abstract-sub-heading&quot;&gt;Aim&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;To test the hypothesis that areas with lower levels of involuntary care show higher levels of morbidity and mortality in their severe mental disorder populations over time compared to areas with higher levels. Data availability precluded analyses of the effect on health and safety of others.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=&quot;abstract-sub-heading&quot;&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Using national data, we calculated standardized (by age, sex, and urbanicity) involuntary care ratios across Community Mental Health Center areas in Norway. For patients diagnosed with severe mental disorders (ICD10 F20-31), we tested whether lower area ratios in 2015 was associated with 1) case fatality over four years, 2) an increase in inpatient days, and 3) time to first episode of involuntary care over the following two years. We also assessed 4) whether area ratios in 2015 predicted an increase in the number of patients diagnosed with F20-31 in the subsequent two years and whether 5) standardized involuntary care area ratios in 2014&amp;ndash;2017 predicted an increase in the standardized suicide ratios in 2014&amp;ndash;2018. Analyses were prespecified (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04655287).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=&quot;abstract-sub-heading&quot;&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;We found no adverse effects on patients&amp;rsquo; health in areas with lower standardized involuntary care ratios. The standardization variables age, sex, and urbanicity explained 70.5% of the variance in raw rates of involuntary care.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=&quot;abstract-sub-heading&quot;&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Lower standardized involuntary care ratios are not associated with adverse effects for patients with severe mental disorders in Norway. This finding merits further research of the way involuntary care works.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Espen W Haugom</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bjørn Stensrud</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gro Beston</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Torleif Ruud</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anne S. Landheim</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Experiences of shared decision making among patients with psychotic disorders in Norway: a qualitative study</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BMC Psychiatry</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">psykose</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">samvalg</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shared decision making; mental health services; psychotic disorders; qualitative research</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">03/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8932170/</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;Shared decision making (SDM) is a process where the patient and the health professional collaborate to make decisions based on both the patient&amp;#39;s preferences and the best available evidence. Patients with psychotic disorders are less involved in making decisions than they would like. More knowledge of these patients&amp;#39; experiences of SDM may improve implementation. The study aim was to describe and explore experiences of SDM among patients with psychotic disorders in mental health care.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;Individual interviews were conducted with ten persons with a psychotic disorder. They were service users of two community mental health centres. The transcribed material was analysed using qualitative content analysis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;Four-fifths of the participants in this study found that they received insufficient information about their health situation and treatment options. All participants experienced that only one kind of treatment was often presented, which was usually medication. Although the study found that different degrees of involvement were practised, two thirds of the participants had little impact on choices to be made. This was despite the fact that they wanted to participate and felt capable of participating, even during periods of more severe illness. The participants described how important it was that SDM in psychosis was based on a trusting relationship, but stated that it took time to establish such a relationship.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;This study with ten participants indicates that patients with psychotic disorders experienced that they were not allowed to participate as much as they wanted to and believed they were capable of. Some patients were involved, but to a lesser degree than in SDM. More and better tailored information communicated within a trusting relationship is needed to provide psychotic patients with a better basis for active involvement in decisions about their health care.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Keywords:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;Shared decision making; mental health services; psychotic disorders; qualitative research.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></issue><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">erfaringsbaserte</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>27</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">David Stewart</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kim Ryan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Madeline A. Naegle</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sarah Flogen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Frances Hughes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">James Buchan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Global Mental Health nursing workforce: Time to prioritize and invest in mental health and wellbeing</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forebygging</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mental Health</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mental helse</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nursing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">psykiatrisk sykepleie</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sykepleie</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.icn.ch/sites/default/files/inline-files/ICN_Mental_Health_Workforce_report_EN_web.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">the International Council of Nurses</style></publisher><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-92-95124-04-2 </style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Rapporten&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.icn.ch/sites/default/files/inline-files/ICN_Mental_Health_Workforce_report_EN_web.pdf&quot;&gt;Mental Health Workforce report&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;ble nylig lagt frem av ICN. I følge rapporten står verden foran store utfordringer, spesielt når det kommer til mangel på sykepleierkompetanse innen psykisk helse og rus.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Annet</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Irene Wormdahl</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trond Hatling</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tonje Lossius Husum</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sloveig Kjus</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jorun Rugkåsa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dorte Brodersen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Signe Dahl Christensen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Petter Sundt Nyborg</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Torstein Borch Skolseng</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eva Irene Ødegård</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anna Margrethe Andersen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Espen Gundersen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rise, Marit B.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The ReCoN intervention: a co-created comprehensive intervention for primary mental health care aiming to prevent involuntary admissions</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BMC Health Services Research (Open Access)</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coercion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Involuntary admission</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Primary mental health care</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primærhelsetjenesten</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reducing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reduction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reduksjon</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvang</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">07/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12913-022-08302-w</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;h3 data-test=&quot;abstract-sub-heading&quot;&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Reducing involuntary psychiatric admissions is a global concern. In Norway, the rate of involuntary admissions was 199 per 100,000 people 16&amp;thinsp;years and older in 2020. Individuals&amp;rsquo; paths towards involuntary psychiatric admissions usually unfold when they live in the community and referrals to such admissions are often initiated by primary health care professionals. Interventions at the primary health care level can therefore have the potential to prevent such admissions. Interventions developed specifically for this care level are, however, lacking. To enhance the quality and development of services in a way that meets stakeholders&amp;rsquo; needs and facilitates implementation to practice, involving both persons with lived experience and service providers in developing such interventions is requested.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=&quot;abstract-sub-heading&quot;&gt;Aim&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;To develop a comprehensive intervention for primary mental health care aiming to prevent involuntary admissions of adults.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=&quot;abstract-sub-heading&quot;&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;This study had an action research approach with a participatory research design. Dialogue conferences with multiple stakeholders in five Norwegian municipalities, inductive thematic analysis of data material from the conferences, and a series of feedback meetings were conducted.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=&quot;abstract-sub-heading&quot;&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;The co-creation process resulted in the development of the ReCoN (Reducing Coercion in Norway) intervention. This is a comprehensive intervention that includes six strategy areas: [1] Management, [2] Involving Persons with Lived Experience and Family Carers, [3] Competence Development, [4] Collaboration across Primary and Specialist Care Levels, [5] Collaboration within the Primary Care Level, and [6] Tailoring Individual Services. Each strategy area has two to four action areas with specified measures that constitute the practical actions or tasks that are believed to collectively impact the need for involuntary admissions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=&quot;abstract-sub-heading&quot;&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;The ReCoN intervention has the potential for application to both national and international mental health services. The co-creation process with the full range of stakeholders ensures face validity, acceptability, and relevance. The effectiveness of the ReCoN intervention is currently being tested in a cluster randomised controlled trial. Given positive effects, the ReCoN intervention may impact individuals with a severe mental illness at risk of involuntary admissions, as more people may experience empowerment and autonomy instead of coercion in their recovery process.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>27</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jardim, PSJ</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Borge, TC</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dahm, KT</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Müller, AE</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hval, G</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effekt av antipsykotika ved behandling uten pasientens samtykke sammenlignet med frivillig behandling</style></title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The effect of involuntary treatment with antipsychotic medication: a systematic review </style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antipsychotic Agents</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antipsykotika</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effekt</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">involuntary treatment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsbehandling</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">04/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.fhi.no/globalassets/dokumenterfiler/rapporter/2021/effekt-av-antipsykotika-ved-behandling-uten-pasientens-samtykke-sammenlignet-med-frivillig-behandling-v2-rapport-2021.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Folkehelseinstituttet - FHI</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oslo</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-37</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-82-8406-184-9</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Innledning
Kunnskapsgrunnlaget for legemidler med antipsykotisk effekt er i hovedsak basert på
studier hvor pasientene mottar disse legemidlene frivillig. I praksis forekommer også
bruk av antipsykotika i behandling uten pasientens samtykke (tvangsbehandling). Det
er et mangelfullt kunnskapsgrunnlag for hvorvidt antipsykotika gitt som tvangsbehandling har den samme effekten som når legemidlene tas frivillig.
Formålet med denne systematiske oversikten er å oppsummere forskning om effekt av
antipsykotika ved behandling uten pasientens samtykke (tvangsbehandling) sammenlignet med frivillig behandling med antipsykotika hos personer over 16 år med psykoselidelser.

Metode
Vi har utarbeidet en systematisk oversikt ved hjelp av framgangsmåter som beskrevet i
Folkehelseinstituttets metodebok for oppsummert forskning og i en fagfellevurdert
prosjektplan. For å identifisere relevante studier søkte en bibliotekar i åtte internasjonale litteraturdatabaser, slik som MEDLINE, EMBASE og PsycINFO, i desember 2020. Vi
søkte også i Google, skandinaviske bibliotekkataloger og gjennomgikk referanselistene
til studier lest i fulltekst. Vi identifiserte ingen studier publisert etter 2010 som møtte
våre inklusjonskriterier, men én studie publisert før 2010 som var relevant når vi gjennomgikk referanselistene til studier lest i fulltekst. I februar 2021 gjennomførte vi derfor et nytt litteratursøk og inkluderte studier uten begrensninger på publikasjonsår.
Vi inkluderte kontrollerte studier (studier med en sammenligningsgruppe), som undersøkte effekten av tvangsbehandling med antipsykotika sammenlignet med frivillig behandling med antipsykotika hos personer over 16 år med psykoselidelser. Utfallene vi
ønsket å måle var: endringer i psykosesymptomer, bivirkninger (alvorlige hendelser),
reinnleggelse, livskvalitet, funksjonsendring i sosiale relasjoner eller arbeid.
To medarbeidere valgte uavhengig av hverandre ut relevante studier og vurderte deretter risiko for systematiske skjevheter i de inkluderte studiene (dette ble gjort ved
bruk av sjekkliste for kohortstudier). Videre hentet to medarbeidere ut relevant data og
oppsummerte resultatene i tekst og Tabeller. Vi beregnet effektestimater for relevante
utfall rapportert i de inkluderte studiene, der det lot seg gjøre. Vi vurderte tillit til resultatene ved hjelp av GRADE-tilnærmingen.

Resultat
De to litteratursøkene og søket etter grå litteratur resulterte i 7601 referanser. Vi inkluderte to observasjonsstudier; én retrospektiv kohortstudie fra USA med 102 deltakere
publisert i 1991 og én tysk prospektiv kohortstudie med 88 deltakere fra 2004. Settingen for begge studiene var døgnbehandling på institusjon, og studiene sammenlignet
pasienter som ble tvangsbehandlet med frivillige behandlede pasienter. Studiene målte
psykosesymptomer, reinnleggelse og fungering. I tillegg målte de andre utfall som ikke
var relevante for vår problemstilling.
De inkluderte studiene hadde begge høy risiko for systematiske skjevheter, da gruppene ikke var sammenlignbare når det gjaldt viktige bakgrunnsfaktorer (f.eks. sykdommens alvorlighetsgrad og generell behandlingsmotvilje). Studiene hadde heller ikke tatt
hensyn til mulige kjente forvekslingsfaktorer i analysene, og det var generelt mangelfull
rapportering av data. Den ene studien hadde et retrospektivt design og beskriver ikke
hvilke kriterier/verktøy som ble brukt for å måle psykosesymtomer. Den andre studien
omfattet svært få deltakere som mottok antipsykotika under tvang, stor forskjell i antall deltakere i de to gruppene og personene som målte utfallene var ikke blindet.
Tilliten til effektestimatene er for lav til at vi kan konkludere hvorvidt antipsykotika gitt
under tvang har en annen effekt enn antipsykotika gitt i frivillig behandling (Tabell 1).

Diskusjon
Basert på vårt uttømmende litteratursøk kan vi med sikkerhet si at det finnes svært lite
forskning på problemstillingen, og at det som finnes er eldre studier med høy risiko for
systematiske skjevheter grunnet mangelfull rapportering og mangel på justering for
viktige forvekslingsfaktorer. En betydelig forskningsinnsats er derfor nødvendig for å
kunne svare på problemstillingen vår. Ideelt sett skulle en slik forskningsinnsats bestå
av større, veldesignete randomiserte studier. Dette er ikke mulig da det finnes store
forskningsetiske, metodiske og medisinske utfordringer som er uforenelige med å
forske på denne problemstillingen i denne pasientgruppen.
En alternativ måte å besvare problemstillingen er å bruke registerdata. De fleste pasienter vil i løpet av sykdomsforløpet være eksponert for forskjellige behandlingsregimer, mange vil både eksponeres for tvangsbehandling og for frivillig behandling. En
måte å bruke registerdata er å sammenligne pasienters symptomer og funksjonsnivå i
perioder med frivillig eller ingen behandling med perioder under tvang. Slik sammenlignes pasientene både med seg selv og med hverandre.

Konklusjon
Det er usikkert hvorvidt effekten av tvangsbehandling med antipsykotika er forskjellig
fra effekten av frivillig behandling med antipsykotika for utfallene psykosesymptomer,
reinnleggelse, og psykososial fungering


ENGLISH SUMMARY:

Background
The evidence base for antipsychotic medication is mainly based on studies where patients receive these drugs voluntarily. In a real-life setting, the use of antipsychotics
also occurs in treatment without patient consent, i.e. involuntary treatment. We know
little about whether the effect of involuntary treatment with antipsychotics is different
compared to the effect of voluntary treatment with antipsychotics.
The purpose of this systematic review is to summarize research on the effect of antipsychotics in treatment without the patient's consent (involuntary treatment) compared with voluntary treatment with antipsychotics, in people over 16 years of age
with psychotic disorders.

Method
We conducted this systematic review according to the procedures put forward in the
Norwegian Institute of Public Health's handbook for evidence synthesis, and in a peerreviewed project plan. To identify relevant studies, a librarian searched eight international literature databases, such as MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsycINFO, in December
2020. We also searched for grey literature in Google and Scandinavian library catalogues and reviewed the reference lists of studies reviewed in full text. We did not identify any studies published after 2010 that met our inclusion criteria, however, we identified one study published before 2010 that was relevant when reviewing reference
lists. In February 2021, we therefore expanded our literature search and included studies without restrictions on publication year.
We included controlled studies (studies with a comparison group) which examined the
effect of involuntary treatment with antipsychotics compared with voluntary treatment
with antipsychotics in people over 16 years of age with psychotic disorders. We were
interested in the following outcomes: change in psychosis symptoms, side effects (serious adverse events), readmission, quality of life, functioning in social relationships or
employment.
Two researchers independently selected relevant studies and then assessed the risk of
bias in the included studies using a checklist for cohort studies. Two researchers extracted relevant data and summarized the results in text and tables. Where possible we
calculated effect estimates for relevant outcomes reported in the included studies. We
assessed our confidence in the results using the GRADE approach.

Results
The two literature searches and the search for grey literature resulted in 7601 references. We included two small observational studies; one American retrospective study
published in 1991 with 102 participants and one German prospective study published
in 2004 with 88 participants. Both studies were conducted in an inpatient hospital setting and compared involuntary treated patients with voluntary treated patients. The
studies measured psychosis symptoms, readmission and functioning, in addition to
other outcomes that wasn’t relevant for our aim.
The included studies had a high risk of bias, due to baseline imbalance (e.g. severity of
the disorder and general resistance against treatment). The studies did also fail to consider possible known confounding factors in their analyses. One study had a retrospective design and did not mention which criteria was used to measure the outcomes. The
other study had very few participants that received antipsychotics, imbalance in the
number of participants in the groups and had no blinding of outcome assessments.
We have too low confidence in the effect estimates to conclude whether the effects of
antipsychotics are different in involuntary treatment compared with voluntary treatment (Table 2)

Discussion
Based on our exhaustive literature search we can be certain that there is very little research investigating the effect of involuntary treatment with antipsychotics compared
with voluntary treatment with antipsychotics. The studies that do exist are
older and with a high using register risk of bias due to incomplete reporting and lack of
adjustment for key confounding factors. A significant research effort is therefore
needed to be able to answer our research question. Ideally, such research efforts
should consist of larger, well-designed randomized studies. This is not possible as there
are major ethical, methodological and clinical challenges that are incompatible with investigations of this research question involving this population group.
An alternative research approach that will enable to answer this type of research question could be using registry data. Most patients will be exposed to different treatment
regime during the disease and many will be exposed to both compulsory and voluntary
treatment. One way of using register data are by matching people according to important clinical variables, such that the only difference between them is exposure to
compulsory treatment. In this way patient are compared both with themselves and
with others.

Conclusion
It is uncertain whether the effect of involuntary treatment with antipsychotics is different compared with the effect of voluntary treatment with antipsychotics in terms of the
outcomes psychosis symptoms, readmission, and psychosocial functioning.</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Systematic review</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsbehandling</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bakke, Lars Håvard</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mer av det som ikke virker. Om målet om å redusere bruken av tvungent psykisk helsevern, med særlig vekt på vilkåret om manglende samtykkekompetanse</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reduksjon</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Samtykkekompetanse</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvungent psykisk helsevern</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">§3-3</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">07/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/86590/1/202.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UiO, Det juridiske fakultet</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oslo</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Det har lenge vært et politisk mål å redusere bruken av tvungent psykisk helsevern i Norge. I 2017 ble vilkåret om manglende samtykkekompetanse innført i psykisk helsevernloven &amp;sect; 3-3 nr. 4. Et av formålene med lovendringen var å få ned bruken av tvang. I oppgaven ser jeg nærmere på bruken av tvang, både i et historisk perspektiv, i lys av menneskerettighetene og i lys av psykisk helsevernloven &amp;sect; 3-3 og pasient- og brukerrettighetsloven &amp;sect; 4-3. Det blir analysert to relevante høyesterettsdommer, hvorav den ene benytter seg av og legger stor vekt på et rundskriv fra Helsedirektoratet. I den rettspolitiske diskusjonen tar jeg opp utfordringene med lovendringen og utfordringene med å oppnå målet med redusert bruk av tvungent psykisk helsevern ved hjelp av en lovendring. (Spoiler alert: Bruken av tvang har ikke blitt vesentlig redusert etter lovendringen). En delkonklusjon er at følgen av innføringen den nye bestemmelsen etablerer en terskel for å inneha samtykkekompetanse, som samtidig blir terskelen for å utelukke tvang. Dette kan ha uheldige konsekvenser for pasienter. Et annet funn er at avstanden mellom terskelen for å ha samtykkekompetanse og terskelen for å kunne anvende tvungent psykisk helsevern skaper et tolkningsrom som Høyesteretts bruk av et rundskriv fra Helsedirektoratet fyller, på tross av åpenbare svakheter ved rundskrivet. Konklusjonen i oppgaven er at målet om å redusere bruken av tvungent psykisk helsevern i Norge ikke oppnås gjennom en lovendring alene, men at det krever langt mer sammensatte vurderinger enn bare å endre loven.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Master thesis</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">etikk</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>27</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tora Benedicte Svare Leinan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Katie Iren Wickstrøm</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dagfinn Bjørgen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geir Småvik</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvang uten døgnopphold - &quot;Tvang som rutine?&quot;</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">erfaringer</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TUD</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvungent vern uten døgnopphold</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">08/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://kbtkompetanse.no/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Hovedrapport_Nettversjon_TUD_2021.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kompetansesenter for brukererfaring og tjenesteutvikling (KBT) </style></publisher><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Mål for prosjektet Overordnet mål for prosjektet var å få mer kunnskap om hva informantene som er, eller har vært underlagt vedtak om Tvungent psykisk helsevern uten døgnopphold (TUD) mener alternativet kan være; hvordan de opplever TUD, hva de trenger hjelp til, hva de savnet av hjelp som alternativ til tvang. Prosjektet hadde også som intensjon å inkludere pårørendeperspektivet, men av ulike årsaker lot dette seg ikke gjøre, så prosjektet omhandler derfor kun informasjon fra pasienter med erfaring fra TUD, tvang uten døgnopphold. Disse vil i det videre kalles for informanter. Målet var også å ev. finne svar på hvorfor pasienter ikke frivillig tok imot hjelpen som ble tilbudt dem, slik at tvungent psykisk helsevern uten døgnopphold ble det valgte tiltak. Hensikten var i utgangspunktet å løfte frem både pasienters og pårørendes erfaringer/anbefalinger om hva som kan bidra til reduksjon i tvangsbruk. I denne rapporten har vi som sagt kun hentet erfaringer fra pasientene. Problemstilling Hvordan kan helseforetaket gi nødvendig helsehjelp til pasienter som ikke frivillig vil ta imot den hjelpen helsetjenesten tilbyr.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rapport</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tud</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kjersti Sunniva Bjøntegård</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Torkil Berge</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Petter Ekern</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kåre Osnes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anne Helene Vedlog</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bruker spør bruker om opplevelser med tvangsvedtak i psykisk helsevern</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bruker</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Opplevd tvang</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsvedtak</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://sykepleien.no/fag/2020/12/bruker-spor-bruker-om-opplevelser-med-tvangsvedtak-i-psykisk-helsevern</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;I bruker-spør-bruker-undersøkelser er brukere av helsetjenester sentrale i utformingen av problemstillinger og innsamling og tolkning av data. Metoden gir personer i marginaliserte situasjoner en mulighet til å få formidlet sine erfaringer og synspunkter. Artikkelen gir eksempler på bruk av metoden fra en studie der de fleste av pasientene som deltok, var tvangsinnlagt på lukket akuttpost.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Erfaringsbaserte</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>36</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Belsnes, ME</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thodesen, HU</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lovendring i lov om psykisk helsevern og følgene av de sett fra tre perspektiver: bruker-, helsepersonell og samfunnsperspektiv</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">brukerperspektiv</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">helsepersonell</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lovendring 2017</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">samfunnsperspektiv</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">05/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://hvlopen.brage.unit.no/hvlopen-xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/2658238/Belsnes_Thodesen.pdf?sequence=1</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Høgskulen på Vestlandet, bachelor i vernepleie</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bergen</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Tittel:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Lovendring i lov om psykisk helsevern og følgene av de sett fra tre perspektiver: bruker-, helsepersonell- og samfunnsperspektiv.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Problemstilling:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hvilke følger har endringene i loven om psykisk helsevern fra 2017 på bruken av tvang i et bruker-, helsepersonell- og samfunnsperspektiv?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bakgrunn:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Vi ønsker å sette fokus på et tema som vi anser som særs viktig både for samfunnet, pasientgruppen og ikke minst vernepleierprofesjonen. Følgene av lovendringen er noe ene gruppemedlemmet selv har observert. Sammen har vi erfaring fra hvert vårt ståsted og har reflektert rundt både positive og negative sider rundt problemstillingen. Vi tar leserne med gjennom en rekke refleksjoner og benytter oss av relevante historier fra praksisfeltet. Bakgrunnen for å se på problemstillingen ut fra tre perspektiver er for å få et mer helhetlig bilde. Vi benytter oss særlig av to overordnede elementer; Fenomenologisk- og humanistisk perspektiv og Bronfenbrenners økologiske utviklingsmodell. Dette hjelper oss å ha et medmenneskelig fokus gjennom oppgaven og se tematikken innenfor ulike sammenhenger.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Abstract&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Title:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Law change to the Mental Health Act and its consequences from three perspectives: user, health personnel and society perspective.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Issue:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;What are the consequences of the changes in the Mental Health Act of 2017 on the use of coercion in a user-, health personnel- and society perspective?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Background:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We want to focus on a topic that we consider to be especially important for the society, the patient group and, not least, the professional nursing profession.The consequence of the changes in the law is something that one of the group members has observed. Together we have experience from each of our positions and have reflected on both positive and negative aspects of the problem. We take our readers through a series of reflections and use relevant experiences from our work. The background for looking at the problem from three perspectives is to get a more comprehensive picture. We used two main elements; Phenomenological and humanistic perspective and Bronfenbrenner&amp;#39;s ecological model.This helped us to have a compassionate focus throughout the assignment and to see the topic within different contexts.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bachelor Thesis</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">etikk</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>46</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bremnes, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Skui, H</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvang i psykisk helsevern - Status etter lovendringene i 2017</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.helsedirektoratet.no/rapporter/tvang-i-psykisk-helsevern--status-etter-lovendringene-i-2017/Tvang%20i%20psykisk%20helsevern%20-%20Status%20etter%20lovendringene%20i%202017.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Helsedirektoratet</style></publisher><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Statistikk</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Else Marie Bleikelia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Christina Hagen Haugen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nora Madelene Bjørsland Svingen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ingunn Ulvestad</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forebygging i akuttpsykiatrien</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mekaniske tvangsmidler</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2613387</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NTNU, Fakultet for medisin og helsevitenskap, Institutt for helsevitenskap Gjøvik, bachelor i sykepleie</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gjøvik</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Bakgrunn: Å redusere bruken av tvang i psykiatrien har lenge vært et helsepolitisk mål.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Det har blitt gjennomført store prosjekter med mangel på markante positive resultater. Utøving av mekanisk tvang kan være etisk utfordrende for sykepleiere og hindrer pasientens autonomi.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hensikt: Hensikten med denne studien er å undersøke hvilke tiltak som kan være forebyggende mot bruken av mekaniske tvangsmidler.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Metode: Litteraturstudie er brukt som metode. Den bygger på fag- og forskningsbasert kunnskap. Det er foretatt systematisk litteratursøk i ulike databaser, hvor kvalitativ og kvantitativ forskning er benyttet.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Resultat: Det synliggjøres ulike faktorer som kan bidra til å forebygge bruken av mekaniske tvangsmidler. Resultatene fremstilles under fem kategorier: kunnskap, brukermedvirkning, relasjon og kommunikasjon, miljøterapi og risikofaktorer. Det er likevel nødvendig med ytterligere forskning på dette temaet.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Konklusjon: Litteraturstudien konkluderer med ulike tiltak som kan bidra til å forebygge bruken av mekaniske tvangsmidler. Det omhandler økt utdanning og kunnskap, samt fremme pasientens brukermedvirkning. Andre tiltak var god relasjon og kommunikasjon, miljøterapi, kartlegging og identifisering av risikofaktorer.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bachelor Thesis</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsmidler</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marius Prytz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Karina Harkestad</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marius Veseth</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jone Bjornestad</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&quot;It's not a life of war and conflict&quot;: experienced therapists' views on negotiating a therapeutic alliance in involuntary treatment</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ann Gen Psychiatry</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Involuntary</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Therapeutic-alliance</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">06/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;h4&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11.0pt&quot;&gt;Background: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;p&gt;Working alliances are considered to be essential to treatment, and they represent a robust predictor of positive treatment outcomes. In a working alliance, a patient and therapist agree upon treatment decisions, which can raise a series of challenges when patients are in involuntary treatment. The aim of this study was to research how therapists experience negotiating a working alliance with patients with serious mental illnesses who are subjected to coercive treatment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h4&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11.0pt&quot;&gt;Methods: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;p&gt;Using a qualitative approach, we conducted 10 semi-structured interviews with experienced therapists in a Norwegian mental health care setting. Transcripts were analysed using a team-based thematic analysis method.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h4&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11.0pt&quot;&gt;Results: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;p&gt;Two interrelated major themes and five sub-themes were identified: (1) between coercion and care; (a) the ease of coercion, (b) the paradox of autonomy, and (c) the coercion as care; and (2) imperative treatment and interpersonal dilemmas; (a) this is happening between us and (b) when we do not meet in the middle.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h4&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11.0pt&quot;&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;p&gt;We conclude that the therapists exhibited a will to consider their patients&amp;#39; goals and methods, but only when they were in agreement, and they ultimately made treatment decisions themselves. Further, patient autonomy seems to come second in therapist assessments of needs for care; consequently, we question to what degree the working alliance as a defined concept of mutual agreement is present in the involuntary treatment we investigated.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18:9</style></issue><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsbehandling, Tvangsinnleggelse, Tvangsmidler</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>46</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kalseth, B</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bremnes, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mjøs, M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kontroll av tvangsbruk i psykisk helsevern 2017</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Statistikk</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsbehandling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelser</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsmidler</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.helsedirektoratet.no/rapporter/kontroll-av-tvangsbruk-i-psykisk-helsevern/Kontroll%20av%20tvangsbruk%20i%20psykisk%20helsevern%202017.pdf?download=false</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Helsedirektoratet</style></publisher><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Statistikk</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>46</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kalseth, B</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bremnes, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mjøs, M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kontroll av tvangsbruk i psykisk helsevern 2018</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Statistikk</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsbehandling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelser</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsmidler</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.helsedirektoratet.no/rapporter/kontroll-av-tvangsbruk-i-psykisk-helsevern/Kontroll%20av%20tvangsbruk%20i%20psykisk%20helsevern%202018.pdf?download=false</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Helsedirektoratet</style></publisher><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Statistikk</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tonje Galta Bru</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvang i psykisk helsevern</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pasientopplevelse</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sykepleier-pasient-relasjon</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvang</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://hvlopen.brage.unit.no/hvlopen-xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/2599151/Bru56.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Høgskulen på Vestlandet, bachelor i sykepleie</style></publisher><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Bakgrunn: Et menneskes integritet skal være ukrenkelig (Psykisk helsevernloven, 1999). Utøvelse av tvang er et alvorlig inngrep på et menneske, og det kommer mer og mer frem i media hvor stor tvangsbruk vi har i Norge. Temaet har nådd inn i politikken, og helseminister Bent Høie trekker frem at det nylig har blitt mer åpenhet rundt temaet psykisk helse (Høie, 2019). Det er en politisk målsetning at tvangsbruken i Norge skal reduseres (Helsebiblioteket, 2012).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Problemstilling: Hvordan kan sykepleiere ved psykiatrisk avdeling bidra til å redusere bruk av tvang? Hensikt: Hensikten med oppgaven er å finne ut mer om pasienters og sykepleieres opplevelse av tvangsbruk samt bidra til å utvikle mer kunnskap rundt temaet.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Metode: Det anvendes litteraturstudium som metodisk tilnærming. Oppgaven er bygget på kvalitativ forskning samt systematiske oversikter, i tillegg til annen relevant litteratur. Funnene i valgt forskning drøftes i lys av teoretisk perspektiv før oppgaven avsluttes med en konklusjon.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Resultat: Forskning trekker frem at det trengs mer bevissthet rundt bruk av tvang i psykiatrien, da resultatene viser at ansatte ofte ser på tvangsbruk som omsorg og ikke alltid kritisk vurderer egen tvangsbruk mot pasienter. Flere av studiene kom frem til at pasientene følte seg mindre verdige, krenket og maktesløse etter å ha blitt utsatt for tvang. De ønsket selv at kommunikasjonen mellom pasientene og sykepleierne skulle forbedres, samtidig som de ønsket at sykepleierne tok seg bedre tid til dem.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Konklusjon: God kommunikasjon er nødvendig for å anerkjenne og ivareta pasientene. For å bygge relasjoner er det viktig å se hele pasienten, samt aktivt lytte. Uønskede situasjoner kan tidlig avverges dersom det blir brukt mer tid på pasientene og at de blir bedre sett av personalet. For å skape trygge rammer rundt pasientene er et terapeutisk miljø essensielt.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bacheloroppgave</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">annet</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>46</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bremnes, R</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvang i psykisk helsevern - Utvikling i perioden 2013-2017</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Statistikk</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsbehandling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelser</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsmidler</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.helsedirektoratet.no/rapporter/tvang-i-psykisk-helsevern--utvikling-i-perioden-20132017/Tvang%20i%20psykisk%20helsevern%20%E2%80%93%20Utvikling%20i%20perioden%202013%E2%80%932017.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Helsedirektoratet</style></publisher><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Statistikk</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Torkil Berge</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kjersti Sunniva Bjøntegård</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Petter Ekern</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martin Furan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nils Inge Landrø</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grete J. Sølvberg Larsen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kåre Osnes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inger Selvaag</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anne Helene Vedlog</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coercive mental health care – dilemmas in the decision-making process</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelser</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvungent psykisk helsevern</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">08/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://tidsskriftet.no/en/2018/08/originalartikkel/coercive-mental-health-care-dilemmas-decision-making-process</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;The use of coercive mental health care contravenes the principle of voluntary examination and treatment. However, it should be possible for persons at acute risk to receive imperative health assistance.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIAL AND METHOD&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;After evaluating 37 emergency interviews in psychiatric outpatient clinics where the use of coercive mental health care was considered, interviews were conducted with psychiatric triage clinicians.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;The study includes interviews that resulted in involuntary hospitalisation (n = 15), coerced observation (n = 2), voluntary hospitalisation (n = 14) and follow-up by the outpatient clinic (n = 6). Important factors in assessing the use of coercion were the severity of psychotic symptoms, suicide risk and risk for others, and difficult social circumstances. Three-quarters of psychiatric triage clinicians were in some degree of doubt, and 16 out of 37 experienced uneasiness during the assessment. With a view to enhancing the patient&amp;rsquo;s perception of having been met with respect, the triage clinicians emphasised the need for the patient&amp;rsquo;s opinion to be heard. Where the triage clinicians were in doubt, a number of professional and ethical issues were highlighted in the process of reaching a decision.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;DISCUSSION&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Latitude should be given for ethical and professional reflection in relation to assessing the use of coercion in daily clinical practice, as well as training in measures to reinforce patients&amp;rsquo; experience of participation during the interview.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvangsinnleggelse</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brastad, Emilie Kirkeby</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Status for det nye vilkåret om samtykkekompetanse etter psykisk helsevernloven § 3-3</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psykisk helsevernloven</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Samtykkekompetanse</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://munin.uit.no/bitstream/handle/10037/15144/thesis.pdf?sequence=2&amp;isAllowed=y</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UiT, juridisk fakultet</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tromsø</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Avhandlingen er en rettsdogmatisk oppgave der praksis fra lagmannsretten og Høyesterett blir undersøkt og vurdert for å finne gjeldende rett etter den nye vilkåret om samtykkekompetanse. Hovedtyngden i oppgaven er i avhandlingens del 5. Denne delen består av en analyse av 14 lagmannsrettsdommer og én Høyesterettsdom som alle har blitt avsagt etter innføringen av det nye vilkåret. For å analysere innholdet i samtykkekompetansevurderingen er analysen delt inn i flere vurderingsmomenter, og lagmannsrettspraksisen blir vurdert i lys av den nylige avsagte dommen i HR-2018-2204-A.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Master thesis</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">etikk, tvangsinnleggelse</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beck, Nora Berit</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Strafferettslig og helserettslig tvungent psykisk helsevern</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">strafferettslig</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvungent psykisk helsevern</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Utilregnelighet</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">03/2919</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/67006/1/514.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UiO, Det juridiske fakultet</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oslo</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Sammendrag finnes ikke&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Master thesis</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">etikk</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jorun Rugkåsa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olav Nyttingnes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tone Breines Simonsen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jūratė Šaltytė Benth</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bjørn Lau</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Henriette Riley</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maria Løvsletteng</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tore Buer Christensen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ann-Torunn Andersen Austegard</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Georg Høyer</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The use of outpatient commitment in Norway: Who are the patients and what does it involve?</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coercion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Community psychiatry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Community Treatment Order</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Outpatient commitment</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160252718301900</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;div&gt;Purpose&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Despite one of the longest histories of using Outpatient Commitment (OC), little is known about the use in the Norwegian context. Reporting from the Norwegian Outpatient Commitment Study, this article aims to: establish the profile of the OC population in Norway; ascertain the legal justification for the use of OC and what OC involves for patients; investigate possible associations between selected patient and service characteristics and duration of OC, and; explore potential differences based on gender or rurality.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Methods&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;A retrospective multi-site study, extracting data from the medical records of all patients on OC in six large regional hospitals in 2008&amp;ndash;12, with detailed investigation over 36 months of the subsample of patients on first ever OC-order in 2008&amp;ndash;09. We use descriptive statistics to establish the profile of the OC population and the legal justification for and the content of OC, and logistic regression to examine factors associated with duration of OC over 36 months.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Results&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;1414 patients were on OC over the 5 years, and 274 had their first OC in 2008&amp;ndash;09. The sample included more men than woman, and three-quarters were diagnosed with schizophrenia. They had long service histories, including involuntary admissions. The legal justification for all OC-orders was the need for treatment, and 18% were additionally justified by dangerousness. The option to initiate OC directly from the community was not used in any of the 274 first ever OC-orders. While 98% of patients were prescribed psychotropic medication, under half had an Involuntary Treatment Order, which under the Norwegian OC regime is required in addition to the OC-order to oblige patients to accept treatment (usually medication). 60% of patients had &amp;ge;2 clinical contacts monthly. There were some gender differences in descriptive analyses with men generally being worse off, but no clear pattern in terms of rurality. Patients in the sample had been on OC between one week and 20 years. The median duration of OC over 36 months was 365 days. Three factors contributed to longer duration: the use of the dangerousness criterion; a diagnosis of schizophrenia disorder, and; considerable problems with substance abuse.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Conclusion&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The characteristics of the OC population in Norway are very similar to that reported in other jurisdictions. Medication seems to be the central focus of OC, yet additional Involuntary Treatment Orders are imposed for less than half of patients. While all OC-orders were justified by the need to ensure treatment, risk seems to be a concern for a subgroup of patients who are kept on for longer. How the 2017 amendment to the mental health act, which precludes compulsion for competent patients unless danger is present, will affect OC use, remains to be seen. Further studies should specifically focus on variation in the use of OC, including at the level of individual clinicians.&lt;/div&gt;</style></abstract><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TUD</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bendik Nestvold Bendiksen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hvordan kan sykepleier bidra til å forebygge bruk av mekaniske tvangsmidler i en akuttpsykiatrisk avdeling?</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Akutt</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">akuttpsykiatrisk</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">forebygge</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forebygging</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mekaniske tvangsmidler</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://ldh.brage.unit.no/ldh-xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/2453956/131.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lovisenberg Diakonale Høgskole</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oslo</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Problemstilling: Hvordan kan sykepleier bidra til å forebygge bruk av mekaniske tvangsmidler i en akuttpsykiatrisk avdeling?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Teoretisk perspektiv: Oppgaven anvender Kari Martinsens omsorgsfilosofi som sykepleieteori. Martinsens syn på omsorg, som et rasjonelt, moralsk og praktisk begrep, er vektlagt. I tillegg presenteres teori om aggresjon, pasientopplevelser av tvangsbruk og konsekvenser av tvang, samt etiske og juridiske perspektiver. Pasientgruppen som er valgt er beskrevet.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Metode: Litteraturstudie benyttes som metode. Fag- og forskningslitteratur, forskningsartikler, rapporter, fagartikler og lovverk er anvendt som kunnskapskilder. Innsamlet litteratur er fra databasen CINAHL og artikler fra arkivet til Helsebiblioteket og Sykepleien Forskning.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Drøfting: Ulike forebyggende tiltak som brukermedvirkning, risikovurdering, sykepleierens holdning og kunnskap, miljøterapi, ledelse og rammefaktorer er drøftet på bakgrunn av teoridelen og forskningsartiklene. Etikk blir diskutert på grunnlag av Kari Martinsens omsorgsfilosofi og på basis av lovverket.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Konklusjon: Forskningsmaterialet viser til forskjellige virkemidler som sykepleiere kan gjennomføre og nyttiggjøre seg av. Tiltak som brukermedvirkning, kartlegging av risiko for vold, sykepleierens holdning og kunnskap, miljøterapi, ledelse og rammefaktorer kan bidra til å redusere og forebygge bruk av mekaniske tvangsmidler.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bacheloroppgave</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvangsmidler</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inge Joa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kjetil Hustoft</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liss Gøril Anda</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kolbjørn Brønnick</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olav Nielssen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan Olav Johannessen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Johannes H. Langeveld</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public attitudes towards involuntary admission and treatment by mental health services in Norway</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Journal of Law and Psychiatry</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">November-December 2017</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12.10.2017</style></edition><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">55</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-7</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">November-December 2017</style></issue><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Briskodden, Anders Lafton</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Straffri, men fengslet: Overføring fra tvungent psykisk helsevern til anstalt under kriminalomsorgen, jf. psykisk helsevernloven § 5-6</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EMK artikkel 5</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">overføring til anstalt under kriminalomsorgen</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">prøveløslatelse</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">psykisk helsevernloven § 5-6</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">straff</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">straffrihet</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tilregnelighet</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvungent psykisk helsevern</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">08/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/56549/1/545.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UiO, Det juridiske fakultet</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oslo</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Denne oppgaven tar for seg den spesielle problemstilling at en person som er straffri fordi han eller hun på handlingstiden var utilregnelig, og som etter strl. &amp;sect; 62 er idømt tvungent psykisk helsevern, senere overføres til anstalt under kriminalomsorgen i medhold av psykisk helsevernloven &amp;sect; 5-6. I praksis vil dette si at en straffri person på ubestemt tid plasseres innenfor et fengsels murer. Oppgaven foretar en analyse av vilkårene for at en slik overføring kan skje, hvor bestemmelsens forhold til Den europeiske menneskerettskonvensjon (EMK) artikkel 5 nr. 1 er sentralt. Noen prosessuelle problemstillinger blir berørt, og da særlig adgangen til å prøveløslate den overførte på samme måte som en forvaringsfange. Dessuten blir det innledningsvis fortatt en gjennomgang av de viktigste vilkårene for å idømme straff i Norge, samt for å avsi dom på tvungent psykisk helsevern.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Master thesis</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">etikk</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marthe Kirkesæther Brun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tonje Lossius Husum</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reidar Pedersen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsmedisinering i psykisk helsevern – en systematisk litteraturgjennomgang</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psykologtidsskriftet</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsmedisinering</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.psykologtidsskriftet.no/index.php?seks_id=480571&amp;a=3</style></url></web-urls></urls><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">54</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">side 186-195</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsmedisinering</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kjetil Hustoft</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tor Ketil Larsen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kolbjørn Brønnick</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inge Joa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan Olav Johannessen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Torleif Ruud</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Voluntary or involuntary acute psychiatric hospitalization in Norway: A 24 h follow up study</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Journal of Law and Psychiatry</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160252716303016</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">56</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">27-34</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">January-February 2018</style></issue><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stensrud, B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hoyer, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beston, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Granerud, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landheim, A. S.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&quot;Care or control?&quot;: a qualitative study of staff experiences with outpatient commitment orders</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26873613</style></url></web-urls></urls><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0933-7954</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TUD, Erfaringsbaserte</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Karin Drivenes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stein Bergan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oddvar Sæther</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drug therapy among patients subject to outpatient compulsory mental health care</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">European Journal for Person centered healthcare</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">(tilgjengelig ved karin.drivenes@sshf.no)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://ubplj.org/index.php/ejpch/article/view/1052/1052</style></url></web-urls></urls><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">38</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TUD</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hanne Clausen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Torleif Ruud</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sigrun Odden</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JūratėŠaltytė Benth</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kristin Sverdvik Heiervang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hanne Kilen Stuen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Helen Killaspy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Robert E. Drake</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anne Landheim</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hospitalisation of severely mentally ill patients with and without problematic substance use before and during Assertive Community Treatment: an observational cohort study</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BMC Psychiatry</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dagfinn Bjørgen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reidun Norvoll</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tonje Lossius Husum</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hvordan forebygge tvang?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PsykologtidsskriftetPsykologtidsskriftet</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.psykologtidsskriftet.no/index.php?seks_id=455311&amp;a=3</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Erfaringsbaserte</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Guro Martine Bjerkan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pasient- og brukerrettighetsloven kapittel 4A - En fremstilling og vurdering av vilkårene for tvungen helsehjelp.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Det juridiske fakultet</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-54261</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Universitet i Oslo</style></publisher><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Master Thesis</style></work-type></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beate Bø</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Øyvind H. Ottesen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rolf Gjestad</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hugo A. Jørgensen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rune A. Kroken</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Else-Marie Løberg</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Erik Johnsen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Patient satisfaction after acute admission for psychosis</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nordic Journal of Psychiatry</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></number><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Taylor &amp; Francis</style></publisher><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Line Børresen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kristin Eskerud Nielsen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Relasjonsbygging</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">relasjoner</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">schizofreni</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sykepleie</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://ntnuopen.ntnu.no/ntnu-xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/2403293/LBoerresen_KENielsen_2016.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NTNU, Fakultet for medisin og helsevitenskap, Institutt for helsevitenskap Gjøvik, bachelor i sykepleie</style></publisher><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Bakgrunn:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Personer som lider av schizofreni kan ha liten forståelse for sin lidelse. Dette kan føre til at personen blir innlagt på tvang fordi en kan være til fare for seg selv eller andre. Det kan være utfordrende for sykepleier å fremme relasjon med personer som er innlagt mot sin vilje og som lider av schizofreni. En god relasjon mellom sykepleier og person som er innlagt er en forutsetning for behandlingen. Hensikt: Hensikten med studien er å opparbeide kunnskap om hvordan sykepleiere kan på best mulig måte fremme relasjon med personer som er innlagt på tvang og lider av schizofreni. Metode: I denne studien er det er benyttet litteraturstudie som metode. Det er utført et systematisk litteratursøk etter vitenskapelige forskningsartikler som kan bidra til å belyse studiens tema. Seks artikler er inkludert i denne studien. Resultat: Basert på funnene i de seks vitenskapelige artiklene som ble valgt i denne studien, ble det identifisert seks hovedtemaer som er av stor betydning for å fremme en god relasjon. Disse seks temaene er; å skape tillit, samarbeid, tvang, lidelsen, å bli sett og respekt, empati, nærhet og avstand. Konklusjon: Det er viktig at sykepleiere har kunnskap om hvilke faktorer som kan fremme relasjon med personer som er innlagt på tvang og som samtidig lider av schizofreni. Å skape tillit, fokusere på et samarbeid med personen, vite hvordan bruk av tvang og lidelsen påvirker relasjonen, å se personen bak lidelsen og vise respekt, empati, nærhet og avstand. Sykepleiere bør rette oppmerksomhet mot disse seks identifiserte temaene i denne studien for å kunne fremme relasjon med personer som er innlagt på tvang og samtidig lider av schizofreni.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Background:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Persons suffering from schizophrenia may have lack of understanding on their disorder. Because they can be a danger to themselves or others, can this cause the person to be admitted to involuntary commitment. It can be challenging for nurses to promote good relations with persons who are admitted to involuntary commitment and who suffers from schizophrenia. A good relation between nurses and the person who is admittet to involuntary commitment, is a condition to treatment. Aim: The aim of the study was to acquire knowledge about how of the nurses can in the best possible way promote relation with persons who is admitted to involuntary commitment and suffers from schizophrenia. Method: In this study it was conducted literature study methodology. It is performed a systematic search for scientific research articles that can shed light on the theme of the study. six articles are included in this study. Results: Based on the findings of the six scientific articles that were selected in this study, we identified six major themes that are of major importance to promote the relation. These six themes are; to create trust, cooperation, coercion, the disorder, being seen and respect, empathy, proximity and distance. Conclusion: It is important that nurses have knowledge about factors that can promote relations with persons who are admitted involuntarily and at same time suffer from schizophrenia. To build trust, focus on a partnership with the person, knowing how the use of coercion and the disorder affects the relation, to see the person behind the disease and show respect, empathy, proximity and distance. Nurses should draw attention to these six identified themes in this study to promote relationship with persons admitted to involuntary treatment who at the same time suffers of schizophrenia.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bacheloroppgave</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">annet</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elise Høeg Bjerke</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rettsgrunnlag for behandling av demente med psykofarmaka</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">demens</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eldre</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pasient- og brukerrettighetsloven</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Samtykkekompetanse</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Skjult tvang</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsbehandling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsmedisinering</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">§4-4</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://bora.uib.no/bora-xmlui/bitstream/handle/1956/15424/152861664.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UiB, juridisk fakultet</style></publisher><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;I dag bor omtrent 40 000 av Norges befolkning på sykehjem.1 Forholdene på norske sykehjem er stadig gjenstand for offentlig debatt, og i media har det ved flere anledninger blitt avdekket at beboere utsettes for inngrep som ikke har hjemmel i lov.2 Avsløringene viser at omsorg på norske sykehjem ikke alltid ytes i tråd med det grunnleggende rettsstatlige prinsippet der all utøvelse av offentlig myndighet må bygge på rettslige kompetansenormer.3 Når helsehjelp ytes uten tilstrekkelig rettslig forankring vil pasientens rettssikkerhet kunne stå i fare, som følge av et svekket rettslig vern mot overgrep og vilkårlighet.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;For å redusere omfanget av uhjemlet tvangsbruk og sikre at pasienter får nødvendig helsehjelp og et bedre rettsvern, ble kapittel 4A innført i pasient- og brukerrettighetsloven i 2009.4 Helsetilsynets oppfølging av praktiseringen av dette nye lovverket på norske sykehjem avdekket likevel omfattende lovbrudd i landets kommuner, der tvang blant annet ble benyttet uten hjemmel i kapittel 4A.5 Det ble påpekt at lovverket var vanskelig å forstå, at de ansatte hadde liten opplæring i lovverket og at lovverket stilte krav som opplevdes som urealistiske å gjennomføre i en travel arbeidshverdag.6 Undersøkelser har også vist at tvangstiltak blant annet blir brukt på grunn av mangel på ressurser, eksempelvis ved bruk av beroligende medisiner i stedet for aktiviteter og sosial kontakt.7&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Beboere på sykehjem kan ha ulike helseutfordringer som aktualiserer forskjellige medisinske og rettslige spørsmål. I denne oppgaven skal det rettslige grunnlaget for medisinering av demente sykehjemsbeboere med psykofarmaka problematiseres. Aktuelle rettsgrunnlag kan være pasientens eget samtykke, samtykke ved representasjon eller lovhjemler for tvangsbehandling.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mastergradsoppgave</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">etikk</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Camilla Bjerkli</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Setter Grunnloven skranker for bruk og anvendelse av belteseng i norsk psykiatri?</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">belter</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">grunnloven</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lovgrunnlag</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mekaniske tvangsmidler</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rettssikkerhet</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/52005/210.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UiO, Det juridiske fakultet</style></publisher><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Tema for denne avhandlingen er bruk av belteseng som tvangsmiddel i norsk psykiatri. Oppgavens problemstilling er å gjøre rede for hvilke skranker som følger av Grunnloven i forbindelse med norsk praksis rundt bruk av belteseng som tvangsmiddel. Det vil gjøres rede for utvalgte situasjoner som forekommer i norsk praksis ved bruk av belteseng. Disse situasjonene vil bli vurdert opp mot menneskerettighetene i Grunnloven.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The theme of this thesis is use of mechanical restraint as a coercive measure in Norwegian psychiatry. The thesis will try to answer which limits the Norwegian Constitution sets for use of mechanical restraint in Norway. Selected situations that occur in Norwegian practice around mechanical restraint, will be discussed. These situations will be evaluated againt human rights in the Norwegian Constitution.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mastergradsoppgave</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvangsmidler, etikk</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thomas Bull</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">André Birkelund</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Skjerming av psykotiske pasienter</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">akuttpost</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">akuttpsykiatri</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">psykose</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">psykotisk</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Skjerming</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sykepleie</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://brage.inn.no/inn-xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/2394807/Bull%20og%20Birkelund.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Høgskolen i Innlandet</style></publisher><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Denne oppgaven tar for seg hvordan sykepleiere håndterer skjerming som en metode på en akuttpsykiatrisk avdeling. Vi har valgt å bruke litteraturstudie som metode og har derfor brukt anerkjente forfattere som Cullberg, Strand, Hummelvoll, Skårderud, Haugsgjerd, &amp;amp; Stänicke. Oppgaven vår er avgrenset til å handle om hvordan sykepleiere bruker skjerming som en metode på en skuttpsykiatrisk avdeling. Teoridelen består av psykose, symptomer og behandling av psykose, egostyrkende sykepleie, vold og utagering, lovverk. Som sykepleieteoretisk referanse så bruker vi Jan Kåre Hummelvoll og Liv Strand. Drøftingsdelen består av tre kapitler som tar for seg skjerming og bruken av skjerming på en akuttpsykiatrisk avdeling, egostyrkende sykepleie, hvordan man kan forebygge vold og utagering. Helt til slutt blir lovverket rundt bruken av skjerming og aktuelt lovverk drøftet. Vi avslutter med en oppsummering av de funn vi har gjort i løpet av oppgaveperioden, og noen tanker rundt problemstillingen.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bacheloroppgave</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvangsmidler</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Emma Børrud</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Johanna Johansson</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvang i psykisk helsevern</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Autonomi</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">kommunikasjon</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Redusere tvang</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sykepleier-pasient-relasjon</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://brage.inn.no/inn-xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/2394699/Boerrud%20og%20Johansson.pdf?sequence=4&amp;isAllowed=y</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Høgskolen i Innlandet, Bachelor i sykepleie</style></publisher><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Tvang er et omstridt tema og det medfører ofte etiske dilemmaer for sykepleiere. Det er mulig å redusere bruk av tvang ved at sykepleiere innehar gode kommunikasjonsferdigheter, til enhver tid setter pasienten og pleien i sentrum, er klar over hva lovverket tilsier rundt bruk av tvang, ikke overkjøre pasienten eller bruk av sterk paternalisme, men at pasienten får et tilbud som preges av fagkompetansen til sykepleiere. Sykepleiere må være klar over Empowerment og autonomibegrepet i deres yrkesutøvelse og ha gode holdninger i møte med utagerende pasienter. Tvang kan være nødvendig i visse tilfeller, men det handler om hvordan man utøver det overfor pasienten. Tvang skal ikke utøves som makt overfor pasienter, men for å hindre skade på pasienten selv eller andre når pasienten ikke er i stand til å se det beste for selv seg.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Denne bacheloroppgaven tar utgangspunkt i følgende problemstilling: &amp;laquo;Hvordan kan vi som sykepleiere bidra til å forsøke å unngå bruk av tvang overfor pasienter med psykiske lidelser som har tvangsvedtak?&amp;raquo;. I denne oppgaven anvendes litteraturstudie som metodisk tilnærming. Det vil si at vi innheter pensum- og forskningslitteratur rundt temaet som allerede eksisterer. Denne metodiske tilnærmingen er på forhånd bestemt av Høgskolen i Hedmark og deres retningslinjer for oppgaveskriving preger denne oppgaven. Denne oppgaven er et sekundærstudie.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;I teoridelen presenteres sykepleieteoretiker, lovverk og retningslinjer samt annen teori vi mener er av betydning for problemstillingen. Videre kommer drøfting der vi anvender teori og forskning for å forsøke å besvare den definerte problemstillingen. Deretter kommer konklusjon og alternativ tilnærming.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bacheloroppgave</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">annet</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Valenti, Emanuele</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Banks, Ciara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Calcedo-Barba, Alfredo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bensimon, Cécile</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hoffmann, Karin-Maria</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pelto-Piri, Veikko</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jurin, Tanja</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mendoza, Octavio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mundt, Adrian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rugkåsa, Jorun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tubini, Jacopo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Priebe, Stefan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Informal coercion in psychiatry: a focus group study of attitudes and experiences of mental health professionals in ten countries</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The International Journal for Research in Social and Genetic Epidemiology and Mental Health Services</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">50</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse, Tvangsmidler, Etikk</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>36</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dagfinn Bjørgen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aina Storvold</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reidun Norvoll</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tonje Lossius Husum</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alternativer til tvang 1. Sett fra et bruker- og fagperspektiv</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://issuu.com/erfaringskompetanse/docs/alternativer_til_tvang_-_ressurshef/1?e=10136997/6682733</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nasjonalt senter for erfaringskompetanse innen psykisk helse, Senter for medisinsk etikk, Universitetet i oslo</style></publisher><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsmidler, tvangsinnleggelse, Tvangsbehandling, Erfaringsbaserte</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stokmo, Hege</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ottar Ness</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marit Bor</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mona Sommer</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Helsearbeidernes erfaringer med hvordan krav om modelltrofasthet virker inn på brukermedvirkning i ACT-team</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Idunn</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.idunn.no/ts/tph/2014/01/helsearbeidernes_erfaringer_med_hvordan_krav_ommodelltrofa</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">01</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13-23</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal article</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsbehandling</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>19</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anne-Grete Beinset</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hvordan kan vi som psykisk helsearbeidere møte og tilnærme oss deprimerte pasienter med ”medisinvegring”, som er innlagt på tvang og underlagt tvungen medikamentell behandling i psykiatrisk akuttavdeling</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://brage.bibsys.no/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/222864/1/fordypning_beinset.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsbehandling</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tøgersen, K</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bjerke, E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gjelstad, K</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ruud, T.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psykiatriske tvangsinnleggelser i Østfold i 2000 og 2010</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://tidsskriftet.no/article/3275174</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brun, Marthe Kirkesæther</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsmedisinering av psykisk syke pasienter</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsbehandling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsmedisinering</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">04/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/45941/1/Prosjektoppgave-tvangsmedisinering.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UiO</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oslo</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Abstract Objective: The aim of this project was to examine the consequences and effects of forced medication on patients with mental disorders. Methods: A systematic search for relevant studies published between 1994 and august 2014, was conducted in Medline. No studies were excluded based on quality. On the subfield of outpatient commitment, only systematic reviews were included. Experts in this field of science have been contacted and some additional papers were included. Results: Researchers in this field use different methods and outcome measures, and there are few randomized, controlled trials. The effects are small, and often not consistent among the studies. Patients have both positive and negative perceptions of forced medication, and it seems that insight into own illness and retrospective treatment adherence, are important factors for how the measure is accepted. Caretakers tend to overrate the patients acceptance of forced medication. Patients mention alternatives to forced medication when asked. Conclusions: At this time we can not decide whether forced medication helps the patients or not, and there is no evidence based foundation for this practice in psychiatric care. This was true for both inpatient and outpatient commitment. Additional randomized controlled trials should be conducted in this field to determine if forced medication is good practice or not.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Abstract Objective: The aim of this project was to examine the consequences and effects of forced medication on patients with mental disorders. Methods: A systematic search for relevant studies published between 1994 and august 2014, was conducted in Medline. No studies were excluded based on quality. On the subfield of outpatient commitment, only systematic reviews were included. Experts in this field of science have been contacted and some additional papers were included. Results: Researchers in this field use different methods and outcome measures, and there are few randomized, controlled trials. The effects are small, and often not consistent among the studies. Patients have both positive and negative perceptions of forced medication, and it seems that insight into own illness and retrospective treatment adherence, are important factors for how the measure is accepted. Caretakers tend to overrate the patients acceptance of forced medication. Patients mention alternatives to forced medication when asked. Conclusions: At this time we can not decide whether forced medication helps the patients or not, and there is no evidence based foundation for this practice in psychiatric care. This was true for both inpatient and outpatient commitment. Additional randomized controlled trials should be conducted in this field to determine if forced medication is good practice or not.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Master thesis</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsbehandling</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roaldset, J. O.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hartvig, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bjørkly, S.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Can lipid analysis help identify repeatedly violent patients after discharge from acute psychiatry?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psychiatry Research</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this study of 196 patients discharged from an acute psychiatric ward, 11 patients (6%) were identified as exhibiting repeated violence and having frequent readmissions. Compared with non-violent patients and those with only one violent post-discharge episode, repeatedly violent patients were significantly characterised by male gender, higher rates of previous threats of violence, lack of empathy, more severe violence during follow-up, and lower high-density lipoprotein levels. © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.</style></notes><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Annet</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maria Knutzen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stål Bjørkly</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gunnar Eidhammer</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Steinar Lorentzen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nina Helen Mjøsund</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stein Opjordsmoen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leiv Sandvik</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Svein Friis</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Characteristics of patients frequently subjected to pharmacological and mechanical restraint—A register study in three Norwegian acute psychiatric wards</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psychiatry Research</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165178113006756</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsbehandling Tvangsmidler</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blaasvær, Nina Aakre</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Etablering av tvungent psykisk helsevern. En fremstilling og redegjørelse av de motstridende hensyn som gjelder ved etablering av tvungent psykisk helsevern etter phlsvl. § 3-3</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Etablering</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hensyn</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">motstridende</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvungent psykisk helsevern</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">03/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/38636/1/Kand_532.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UiO, Det juridiske fakultet</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oslo</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Oppgaven tar for seg de ulike hensyn som må vurderes i interessekonflikten som oppstår når det skal avgjøres hvorvidt tvungent psykisk helsevern er den beste løsning. Fremstillingen gir en redegjørelse over de materielle vilkår som må oppfylles i medhold av phlsvl. &amp;sect; 3-3. Sentrale tema er selvbestemmelsesretten, den personlige integritet samt samfunnsvernet og farekriteriet.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Master thesis</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">etikk</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knut W. Sørgaard</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grigory Rezvy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anatoly Bugdanov</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tore Sørlie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trond Bratlid</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Treatment needs, diagnoses and use of services for acutely admitted psychiatric patients in northwest Russia and northern Norway</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Journal of Mental Health Systems</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International journal of mental health systems</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan Norum</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fred Emil Bjerke</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inger Nybrodahl</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aina Olsen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Admission and stay in psychiatric hospitals in northern Norway among Sami and a control group. A registry-based study</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nordic Journal of Psychiatry</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.3109/08039488.2012.668936</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>36</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kristin Thuve Dahm</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kari Ann Leiknes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tonje Lossius Husum</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ingvild Kirkehei</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bjørn Hoffmann</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hilde Tinderholt Myrhaug</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kjetil Gundro Brurberg</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Therese Kristine Dalsbø</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liv Merete Reinar</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effekt av tiltak for å redusere tvangsbruk i psykisk helsevern for voksne</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.kunnskapssenteret.no/publikasjoner/effekt-av-tiltak-for-a-redusere-tvangsbruk-i-psykisk-helsevern-for-voksne</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nasjonalt kunnskapssenter for helsetjenesten</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oslo</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nr 09-2012</style></volume><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-82-8121-484-2</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gratis</style></notes><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse, Tvangsmidler</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maria Knutzen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stål Bjørkly</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gunnar Eidhammer</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Steinar Lorentzen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nina Helen Mjøsund</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stein Opjordsmoen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leiv Sandvik</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Svein Friis</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mechanical and pharmacological restraints in acute psychiatric wards — Why and how are they used?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psychiatry Research</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165178112007676</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsmidler</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>46</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ann-Torunn Andersen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Margaretha Dramsdahl</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Egil Anders Haugen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jarle Johannessen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Urd Loftesnes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geir Olsen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ingvild Bua</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monica Borge Fosse</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kunnskapssenteret</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mekaniske tvangsmidler – bruk i psykisk helsevern</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.helsebiblioteket.no/microsite/fagprosedyrer/fagprosedyrer/mekaniske-tvangsmidler-bruk-i-psykisk-helsevern</style></url></web-urls></urls><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Helsebibliokteket </style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsmidler</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mattson, Åse L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Binder, Per-Einar</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A qualitative exploration of how health care workers in an inpatient setting in Norway experience working with patients who self-injure</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nordic Psychology</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rigmor Randi Diseth</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kjell-Petter Bøgwald</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Per A. Høglend</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Attitudes among stakeholders towards compulsory mental health care in Norway</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Journal of Law and Psychiatry</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160252710001147</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Valentina Cabral Iversen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">John E. Berg</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">R. Småvik</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arne Einar Vaaler</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Clinical differences between immigrants voluntarily and involuntarily admitted to acute psychiatric units: a 3‐year prospective study</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health NursingJournal of psychiatric and mental health nursing</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>36</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stål Bjørkly</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maria Knutzen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Astrid Furre</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leiv Sandvik</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Innsamling og analyse av data om bruk av tvangsmidler og vedtak om skjerming i det psykiske helsevernet for voksne i 2009</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://sifer.no/files/2011_1_rapport.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SIFER - Kompetansesenter for sikkerhets-, fengsels- og rettspsykiatri Helseregion Sør-Øst</style></publisher><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsmidler</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Håvard Bäckström</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Omsorgens tvetydighet ved bruk av skjerming</style></title><tertiary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Avdeling for helsefag</style></tertiary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://brage.bibsys.no/xmlui/handle/11250/146646</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Høyskolen i Nord-Trøndelag</style></publisher><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsmidler</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tonje Lossius Husum</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Johan H. Bjørngaard</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arnstein Finset</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Torleif Ruud</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A cross-sectional prospective study of seclusion, restraint and involuntary medication in acute psychiatric wards: Patient, staff and ward characteristics.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BMC Health Services Research (Open Access)</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6963/10/89</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsmidler</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brudal, Lene Kristin</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fremstilling og vurdering av vilkårene for tvungent psykisk helsevern i Psykisk helsevernloven § 3-3(1) - særlig om forholdet til menneskerettighetene</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">kriterier</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Menneskerettigheter</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvungent psykisk helsevern</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vilkår</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11/2010</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/19004/1/108155.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UiO, Det juridiske fakultet</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oslo</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Sammendrag finnes ikke&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Master thesis</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">etikk</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">John Olav Roaldset</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stål Bjørkly</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Patients' own statements of their future risk for violent and self-harm behaviour: A prospective inpatient and post-discharge follow-up study in an acute psychiatric unit</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psychiatry Research</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse, Erfaringsbaserte</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tonje Lossius Husum</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Johan Håkon Bjørngaard</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arnstein Finset</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Torleif Ruud</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Staff attitudes and thoughts about the use of coercion in psychiatric  acute wards</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00127-010-0259-2</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsmidler</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maria Knutzen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">m.fl.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liv Nilsen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Karen L. Kautzman Bjøro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ellen Wego</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsmiddelbruk er ikke behandling</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hertervig Forlag</style></pub-location><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9788282161275</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsmidler</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>36</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ragnild Bremnes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heidi Jensberg</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kontroll av rapporterte institusjons- og pasientdata om tvangsmiddelbruk, vedtak om skjerming og tvangsbehandling</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sintef.no/project/Samdata/rapporter/Rapport%20A11381%20Kontroll%20av%20rapporterte%20inst%20og%20pasdata%20om%20tvangsmiddelbruk.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SINTEF Helsetjenesteforskning</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsmidler, Tvangsbehandling</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>46</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan Fridthjof Bernt</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vurdering av behandlingsvilkåret i psykisk helsevernloven</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.tvangsforskning.no/filarkiv/File/Vurd09_behandlsvilkaar_psyk_helsevern.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Helsedirektoratet</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">[Oslo]</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Etikk</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>36</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ragnild Bremnes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trond Hatling</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Johan Håkon Bjørngaard</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bruk av tvangsmidler i psykisk helsevern i 2001, 2003, 2005 og 2007: hva kan forklare institusjons- og avdelingsforskjeller i bruk av tvangsmidler?</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">årsak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">faktorer</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">omfang</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsmidler</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.sintef.no/globalassets/upload/helse/psykisk-helse/pdf-filer/rapport-a686-tvangsmidler-2005.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SINTEF Helse</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trondheim</style></pub-location><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-82-14-04515-4</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rapport</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsmidler</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>36</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ragnild Bremnes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trond Hatling</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Johan H. Bjørngaard</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvungent psykisk helsevern med døgnopphold i perioden 2001-2006. Sluttrapport</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sintef.no/upload/Helse/Psykisk%20helse/Pdf-filer/Rapport_SINTEF_A4319_Tvungent_psykiskhelsevern_med_d%C3%B8gnopphold_2001_2006_Sluttrapport.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SINTEF Helse</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse, Statistikk</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wynn, Rolf</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Myklebust, Lars-Henrik</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bratlid, Trond</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Attitudes to coercion among health-care workers and the general public in Norway</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Psychiatric Intensive Care</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">01/19</style></edition><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cambridge University Press</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></volume><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1742-6464</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><remote-database-name><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cambridge Core</style></remote-database-name><remote-database-provider><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cambridge University Press</style></remote-database-provider><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Johan Håkon Bjørngaard</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Torleif Ruud</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garratt, Andrew</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trond Hatling</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Patients' experiences and clinicians' ratings of the quality of outpatient teams in psychiatric care units in Norway.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psychiatric Services</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17664522</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal article</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsbehandling</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rolf Wynn</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lars-Henrik Myklebust</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trond Bratlid</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psychologists and coercion: Decisions regarding involuntary psychiatric admission and treatment in a group of Norwegian psychologists</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nordic Journal of Psychiatry</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08039480701773139</style></url></web-urls></urls><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">61</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leif Johnsen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haldis Øysæd</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Katrine Børnes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tor Jocob Moe</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan Haavik</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A systematic intervention to improve patient information routines and satisfaction in a psychiatric emergency unit</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nordic Journal of Psychiatry</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08039480701352579</style></url></web-urls></urls><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">61</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse, Tvangsbehandling</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Siri Blesvik</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rigmor Diseth</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tonje Lossius Husum</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ragnfrid Kogstad</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hege Jeanette Orefellen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gro H. Thune</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Menneskerettigheter også for psykiatriske pasienter i Norge?</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://tidsskriftet.no/article/1390460</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Etikk</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>12</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">John E. Berg</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Einar 'Johnsen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Innlegges innvandrere oftere enn etniske nordmenn i akuttpsykiatriske avdelinger?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tidsskriftet for Den norske legeforening</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://tidsskriftet.no/2004/03/aktuelt/innlegges-innvandrere-oftere-enn-etniske-nordmenn-i-akuttpsykiatriske-avdelinger</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>36</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trond Hatling</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Johan Håkon Bjørngaard</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Per Bernhard Pedersen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvungent psykisk helsevern uten døgnopphold i 2002</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sintef.no/upload/Helse/Psykisk%20helse/Pdf-filer/STF78_A045003%20-%20Tvungent%20psykisk%20helsevern%20uten%20d%C3%B8gnopphold%20i%202002.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SINTEF Helse</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trondheim</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TUD</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jon Bremer</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Johan Bremer - ein uvanleg forskar i norsk psykiatri</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tidsskrift for den norske legeforening</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://tidsskriftet.no/article/789871/</style></url></web-urls></urls><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">123</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">960-3</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsmiddelbruk</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brekke, Camilla</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Straffelovens nye særreaksjoner : En fremstilling og vurdering av reglene om straffelovens særreaksjoner forvaring og dom på overføring til tvungent psykisk helsevern</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dom</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">overføring</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Straffeloven</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">særreaksjon</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvungent psykisk helsevern</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">03/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/18956/1/thesis.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UiO, Det juridiske fakultet</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oslo</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Sammendrag finnes ikke&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Master thesis</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">etikk</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>36</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Johan Håkon Bjørngaard</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trond Hatling</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelser i psykisk helsevern i 2001-2002</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sintef.no/upload/Helse/Psykisk%20helse/Pdf-filer/STF78_A035004%20-%20Tvangsinnleggelser%20i%20psykisk%20helsevern%202001-2002.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SINTEF Unimed Helsetjenesteforskning</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trondheim</style></pub-location><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">82-14-02944-9</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse, Statistikk</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Johan Håkon Bjørngaard</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Torhild Heggestad</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kan ulik pasientsammensetning forklare forskjeller i tvangsinnleggelser?</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://tidsskriftet.no/article/451913</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jørgen Brabrand</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Svein Friis</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelser i akuttpsykiatriske institusjoner (En sammelikning mellom Hedmark fylke og Ullevål sektor i Oslo)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tidsskrift for den norske lægeforening</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">117</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1737-9</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trykt</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anette Hunstad Brendeford</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diskrimineringsvernet for samtykkekompetente personer ved tvunget psykisk helsevern</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diskrimineringsvernet for samtykkekompetente personer ved tvunget psykisk helsevern</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">diskrimineringsvern</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">grunnloven § 98</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvunget psykisk helsevern</style></keyword></keywords><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Tema for avhandlingen er diskrimineringsvernet for samtykkekompetente personer ved tvunget psykisk helsevern. Avhandlingen tar utgangspunkt i HR-2020-1167-A, og ser på om Høyesterett tok tilstrekkelig hensyn til det diskrimineringsrettslige rammeverket. Fokuset ligger på en rettsdogmatisk analyse av Grl. &amp;sect; 98 og psykisk helsevernloven for å finne ut hvordan diskrimineringsvernet er i dag, og hvordan Høyesterett kunne tatt stilling til spørsmålet. Andre del av oppgaven tar for seg hvorfor Høyesterett ikke tok tak i diskrimineringsproblematikken, og hvilke konsekvenser det har for dommen.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record></records></xml>