<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oyine Aluh, Deborah</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cortes, Jesus David</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The planetary health case for addressing coercion in mental healthcare</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Front. Public Health</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">09/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1673741/full</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Planetary health is an interdisciplinary field that explores the consequences of human-induced disruptions to the environment and the subsequent repercussions on human health. From this perspective, the authors&amp;nbsp;propose that coercion may undermine ecological and social resilience, disproportionately affect marginalized populations (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1673741/full#B2&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;), and contribute to the healthcare sector&amp;#39;s environmental footprint. This commentary presents an exploratory Eco-social framework drawing on Eco-social theory (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1673741/full#B3&quot;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;), intersectionality (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1673741/full#B4&quot;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;), and epistemic injustice (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1673741/full#B5&quot;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;) to examine how environmental stressors, racialized systems, and culturally narrow psychiatric paradigms might converge to contribute to coercion in mental healthcare.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Commentary/editorial</style></work-type></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stylianidis, Stelios</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geogarca, Eugenie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peppou, Evangelia Lily</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arvaniti, Aikaterini</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Samakouri, Maria</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MANE group</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Involuntary psychiatric hospitalizations in Greece: Contemporary research and policy implications</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psychiatriki Quarterly Journal of the Hellenic Psychiatric Association </style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">human rights.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Involuntary psychiatric hospitalization</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">law implementation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mental health care practices</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.psychiatriki-journal.gr/documents/psychiatry/34.3-EN-2023-204.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">34</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Involuntary psychiatric hospitalization is a contested issue in mental health care provision. Despite indications of very high rates of involuntary hospitalizations in Greece, no valid national statistical data has been collected. After reviewing current research on involuntary hospitalizations in Greece, the paper introduces the Study of Involuntary Hospitalizations in Greece (MANE), a multi-center national study of the rates, process, determinants and outcome of involuntary hospitalizations, conducted in the regions of Attica, Thessaloniki, and Alexandroupolis, from 2017 to 2020, and presents some preliminary comparative findings regarding the rates and process of involuntary hospitalizations. There is a major difference in the rates of involuntary hospitalizations between Alexandroupolis (around 25%) and Athens and Thessaloniki (over 50%), which is possibly related to the sectorized organization of mental health services in Alexandroupolis and to the benefits of not covering a metropolitan urban area. There is a significantly larger percentage of involuntary admissions that end in involuntary hospitalization in Attica and Thessaloniki compared to Alexandroupolis. Reversely, of those accessing the emergency departments voluntarily, almost everyone is admitted in Athens, while large percentages are not admitted in Thessaloniki and in Alexandroupolis. A significantly higher percentage of patients were formally referred upon discharge in Alexandroupolis compared to Athens and Thessaloniki. This may be due to increased continuity of care in Alexandroupolis and that might explain the low rates of involuntary hospitalization there. Finally, re-hospitalization rates were very high in all the study centers, demonstrating the revolving-door phenomenon, especially for voluntary hospitalizations. The MANE project came to address the gap in the national recording of involuntary hospitalizations, by implementing, for the first time, a coordinated monitoring of involuntary hospitalizations in three regions of the country with different characteristics, so that a picture of involuntary hospitalizations can be drawn at national level. The project contributes to raising awareness of this issue at the level of national health policy and to formulating strat&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>36</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Patricia Sofia Jacobsen Jardim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heather Melanie R Ames</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Christine Hillestad Hestevik</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ingvild Kirkehei</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvang i psykisk helsevern og vold: systematisk litteratursøk med sortering</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvang i psykisk helsevern og vold: systematisk litteratursøk med sortering</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coercion in mental health care and violence: systematic literature search with sorting</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">involuntary treatment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">schizofreni</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvang</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsmidler</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">violence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vold</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">01/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.fhi.no/publ/2023/tvang-i-psykisk-helsevern-og-vold/</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Folkehelseinstituttet - FHI</style></publisher><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-82-8406-354-6</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Målet med denne rapporten er å kartlegge hva som finnes av forskning om voldsutøvelse begått av personer med alvorlige psykiske lidelser i tilknytning til tvungent psykisk helsevern.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvang</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Irene Wormdahl</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trond Hatling</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tonje Lossius Husum</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sloveig Kjus</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jorun Rugkåsa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dorte Brodersen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Signe Dahl Christensen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Petter Sundt Nyborg</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Torstein Borch Skolseng</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eva Irene Ødegård</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anna Margrethe Andersen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Espen Gundersen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rise, Marit B.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The ReCoN intervention: a co-created comprehensive intervention for primary mental health care aiming to prevent involuntary admissions</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BMC Health Services Research (Open Access)</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coercion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Involuntary admission</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Primary mental health care</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">primærhelsetjenesten</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reducing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reduction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reduksjon</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvang</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">07/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12913-022-08302-w</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;h3 data-test=&quot;abstract-sub-heading&quot;&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Reducing involuntary psychiatric admissions is a global concern. In Norway, the rate of involuntary admissions was 199 per 100,000 people 16&amp;thinsp;years and older in 2020. Individuals&amp;rsquo; paths towards involuntary psychiatric admissions usually unfold when they live in the community and referrals to such admissions are often initiated by primary health care professionals. Interventions at the primary health care level can therefore have the potential to prevent such admissions. Interventions developed specifically for this care level are, however, lacking. To enhance the quality and development of services in a way that meets stakeholders&amp;rsquo; needs and facilitates implementation to practice, involving both persons with lived experience and service providers in developing such interventions is requested.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=&quot;abstract-sub-heading&quot;&gt;Aim&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;To develop a comprehensive intervention for primary mental health care aiming to prevent involuntary admissions of adults.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=&quot;abstract-sub-heading&quot;&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;This study had an action research approach with a participatory research design. Dialogue conferences with multiple stakeholders in five Norwegian municipalities, inductive thematic analysis of data material from the conferences, and a series of feedback meetings were conducted.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=&quot;abstract-sub-heading&quot;&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;The co-creation process resulted in the development of the ReCoN (Reducing Coercion in Norway) intervention. This is a comprehensive intervention that includes six strategy areas: [1] Management, [2] Involving Persons with Lived Experience and Family Carers, [3] Competence Development, [4] Collaboration across Primary and Specialist Care Levels, [5] Collaboration within the Primary Care Level, and [6] Tailoring Individual Services. Each strategy area has two to four action areas with specified measures that constitute the practical actions or tasks that are believed to collectively impact the need for involuntary admissions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=&quot;abstract-sub-heading&quot;&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;The ReCoN intervention has the potential for application to both national and international mental health services. The co-creation process with the full range of stakeholders ensures face validity, acceptability, and relevance. The effectiveness of the ReCoN intervention is currently being tested in a cluster randomised controlled trial. Given positive effects, the ReCoN intervention may impact individuals with a severe mental illness at risk of involuntary admissions, as more people may experience empowerment and autonomy instead of coercion in their recovery process.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diane E. Allen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Susan J. Fetzer</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kathleen S. Cummings</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Decreasing Duration of Mechanical Restraint Episodes by Increasing Registered Nurse Assessment and Surveillance in an Acute Psychiatric Hospital</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">aggression</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">emergency psychiatric nursing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">engagement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">seclusion and restraint</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">standards of practice</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">violence</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1078390319878776</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">26</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;INTRODUCTION:&amp;nbsp;The application of mechanical restraints is a high-risk emergency measure that requires psychiatric intensive care to assure patient safety and expedite release at the earliest opportunity. While current Centers for Medicare &amp;amp; Medicaid Services regulations require trained staff to continuously observe restrained individuals, assessment by a registered nurse is required only once an hour. The experience of an acute psychiatric hospital demonstrates that more frequent registered nurse assessments can decrease duration of mechanical restraint episodes.&amp;nbsp;AIMS:&amp;nbsp;The aim of this three-part quality improvement project was to decrease duration of mechanical restraint episodes by increasing the frequency of registered nurse assessment and surveillance.&amp;nbsp;METHODS:&amp;nbsp;First, the requirement for frequency of face-to-face registered nurse assessment during episodes of mechanical restraint was increased from once every hour to once every 30 minutes. Second, the frequency of assessment was increased on half the hospital&amp;rsquo;s units, from every 30 minutes to continuous registered nurse presence during restraint. Finally, the remaining units adopted 1:1 registered nurses during restraint. Mean hours of restraint per episode were measured and compared before and after each practice change.&amp;nbsp;RESULTS:&amp;nbsp;Mean duration of restraint episodes decreased 23% in the first change cycle, 12% in the second, and 44% in the third. Overall, there was a statistically significant 30% decrease in mean duration of restraint episodes.&amp;nbsp;CONCLUSIONS:&amp;nbsp;Increased frequency of registered nurse assessment and surveillance can significantly decrease duration of mechanical restraint episodes. Nurses are encouraged to adopt mechanical restraint practice standards that provide continuous psychiatric intensive care by a registered nurse.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">245-249</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Steinert T, Baumgardt J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bechdolf A, Bühling-Schndowski F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cole C, Flammer E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jaeger S, Junghanss J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kampmann, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mahler, L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muche, R</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Implementation of guidelines on prevention of coercion and violence (PreVCo) in psychiatry: a multicentre randomised controlled trial</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Frontiers in Psychiatry</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">clinical guidelines</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">coercive measures</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">evidence based treatment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psychiatry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quality management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Restraint</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seclusion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">violence</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">09.15.2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">file:///C:/Users/jha041/Downloads/fpsyt-11-579176.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Coercive measures are among the most controversial interventions in psychiatry. There is a large discrepancy between the sheer number of high-quality guidelines and the small number of scientifically accompanied initiatives to promote and evaluate their implementation into clinical routine. In Germany, an expert group developed guidelines to provide evidence- and consensus-based recommendations on how to deal with violence and coercion in psychiatry.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liv Gunhild Aase</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ledelse, verdisyn og makt i psykisk helsevern. En studie av lederrollens betydning for økt pasientmedvirkning og mindre maktbruk i psykisk helsevern</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brukermedvirkning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ledelse</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">maktbruk</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pasientmedvirkning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://uis.brage.unit.no/uis-xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/2728590/Aase%2c%20Liv%20Gunhild.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UiS</style></publisher><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;I tråd med krav i fra pasienter og brukerorganisasjoner, ønsker norske myndigheter å redusere bruken av makt og tvang i psykisk helsevern. Det er ønskelig med økt grad av brukermedvirkning og større fokus på forebygging av tvang i behandlingen (NOU 2019: 14).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Studien undersøker lederrollens betydning for økt pasientmedvirkning og for mindre maktbruk i psykisk helsevern. Det pågår endringsarbeid med dette, både på systemnivå og på individnivå. Det er derfor viktig å få mer kunnskap om hvordan lederrollen kan tilrettelegge for de ønskede endringene. Studien er et bidrag til forskning på lederskap i psykisk helsevern.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Studien undersøker hvilket forhold det er mellom pasientsyn og verdisyn i profesjoner, i kultur og i rammer i psykisk helsevern, og ser på hvilke maktstrukturer i fagfeltet som kan påvirke bruken av tvang. Problemstillingen besvares ved hjelp av kvalitative, semistrukturerte intervjuer. Dataene er basert på fire ledere og tre behandleres erfaringer og opplevelser. Funnene i datamaterialet drøftes i lys av tidligere forskning og i lys av relevant teori, i tråd med studiens tematiske inndeling; lederskap, verdisyn og makt.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Studien viser at ledere og behandlere ønsker at pasienter skal få mer innflytelse over tjenestene og over egen recoveryprosess. Når tjenestene utformes slik at pasientene ønsker å ta imot og når det brukes tid på å opparbeide tillit og trygghet, kan bruken av tvang reduseres. Pasientene må inkluderes i dette arbeidet. For å få det til, viser studien at ledere må arbeide kontinuerlig med holdninger, samarbeid, veiledning og kulturen forøvrig. Ledere må sørge for en åpen læringsdiskurs i fagfellesskapet, der en sammen utvikler beste praksis. Lederskap som inspirerer, er transformasjonsorientert og demokratisk, kan bidra til holdningsendringer hos ansatte, og dermed reduksjon i tvangsbruk.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Studien peker på at Tvangsbegrensningsloven ikke nødvendigvis vil være positiv for alle pasientene. Funn indikerer at for noen få pasienter vil lovforslaget kunne føre til dårligere pasientbehandling, mer tvang, flere selvmord og syke pasienter som unndrar seg behandling. Dette utfordrer helsepersonells faglige og personlige integritet. Funn tyder på økt individsentrering med NOU 2019:14, motsatt av omsorgstenkningen og menneskesynet i helsefagene. Funn peker på at tvang noen ganger kan redde liv, og at det dermed kan være etisk og moralsk riktig når alt annet er forsøkt. NOU 2019:14 medfører sannsynligvis ikke et paradigmeskifte, men kan heller forstås som et tydelig insentiv fra lovgiver om å fortsette arbeidet for økt pasientmedvirkning og mindre bruk av tvang i behandlingen. Lederrollen er sentral i dette arbeidet.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mastergradsoppgave</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">annet</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Guddal, Benjamin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gustad, Kristine Espegren</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sikveland, Helene</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stabursvik, Julie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Årvik, Magnus Dahl</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Frivillige innleggelser i psykisk helsevern og manglende samtykkekompetanse. Et kvalitetsforbedringsprosjekt ved akuttpsykiatrisk mottak, Oslo Universitetssykehus, Ullevål</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">frivillig innleggelse</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">konvertering</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Samtykkekompetanse</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-74046</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UiO, Institutt for helse og samfunn</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oslo</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Problemstilling:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mange pasienter med manglende samtykkekompetanse for psykisk helsehjelp blir i dag innlagt frivillig i akuttpsykiatrien, selv om samtykkekompetanse er en forutsetning for frivillighet. Dette er problematisk da lovverket forbyr konvertering fra frivillig til tvungent psykisk helsevern. I praksis fører dette til at pasienter må utskrives og reinnlegges med ny vurdering av en uavhengig instans, noe som er belastende for pasient og helsevesen. Vår problemstilling er: Hvordan forhindre at pasienter som ikke er samtykkekompetente for psykisk helsehjelp legges inn under frivillig psykisk helsevern?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Kunnskapsgrunnlag:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Psykisk Helsevernloven kapittel 3 slår fast at pasienter med manglende samtykkekompetanse ikke kan legges inn til frivillig behandling. Det finnes lite evidens som støtter lovteksten, og det eksisterer også lite kunnskap om effekten av tvang. Det er imidlertid god evidens for spørsmål rettet mot forståelse, anerkjennelse, resonnering og valg (FARV) som kartleggingsverktøy for vurdering av samtykkekompetanse.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tiltak og kvalitetsindikatorer:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Målet er å redusere antallet konverteringer fra frivillig til tvungent psykisk helsevern ved Akuttpsykiatrisk mottak på Ullevål sykehus med 50% på 6 måneder. Dette skal gjøres ved å innføre standardisert telefonveiledning for vurdering av samtykkekompetanse mellom vakthavende lege ved akuttpsykiatrisk avdeling ved OUS og innleggende lege. Et flytskjema som fremstiller denne telefonveiledningen skjematisk henges opp på vaktrommet i akuttpsykiatrisk mottak. I tillegg legges det en strofe inn i det eksisterende &amp;ldquo;ny pasient&amp;rdquo;-skjemaet som sjekker om flytskjemaet er benyttet. Til sist skal IKT-ansvarlig utarbeide et e-læringskurs som demonstrerer hvordan samtalen foretas i praksis. Indikatorene er antall konverteringer (resultatindikator) og hvorvidt tiltakene gjennomføres (prosessindikator).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ledelse og organisering:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ledelsen og ansvaret skal ligge hos akuttpsykiatrisk avd., OUS Ullevål. Prosjektgruppen vil bestå av LIS i psykiatri, studentrepresentanter (oss), IKT-ansvarlig og representant fra legevakten i Storgata. Prosjektet skal struktureres ved hjelp av PUKK-modellen (Planlegge, Utføre, Korrigere og Kontrollere) med 2-ukers innføring, deretter ukentlig gjennomgang av valgte indikatorer. Prosjektgruppen møtes for vurdering etter én og seks måneder.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Konklusjon:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Telefonveiledet vurdering av samtykkekompetanse er et lite ressurskrevende tiltak som enkelt kan gjennomføres. Prosjektet vil forhåpentligvis føre til økt pasientsikkerhet, mer korrekt bruk av tvangsinnleggelser og mindre ressursbruk i helsevesenet.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Master Thesis</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvangsinnleggelse</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Henriette Riley</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ekaterina Sharashova</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jorun Rugkåsa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olav Nyttingnes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tore Buer Christensen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ann-Torunn Andersen Austegard</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maria Løvsletten</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bjørn Lau</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Georg Høyer</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Out-patient commitment order use in Norway: incidence and prevalence rates, duration and use of mental health services from the Norwegian Outpatient Commitment Study</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BJPsych Open</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Community Treatment Order</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">OCT</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Outpatient commitment</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">09/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0160252718301900</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;h3 id=&quot;sec_a1title&quot;&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p id=&quot;__p1&quot;&gt;Norway authorised out-patient commitment in 1961, but there is a lack of representative and complete data on the use of out-patient commitment orders.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 id=&quot;sec_a2title&quot;&gt;Aims&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p id=&quot;__p2&quot;&gt;To establish the incidence and prevalence rates on the use of out-patient commitment in Norway, and how these vary across service areas. Further, to study variations in out-patient commitment across service areas, and use of in-patient services before and after implementation of out-patient commitment orders. Finally, to identify determinants for the duration of out-patient commitment orders and time to readmission.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 id=&quot;sec_a3title&quot;&gt;Method&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p id=&quot;__p3&quot;&gt;Retrospective case register study based on medical files of all patients with an out-patient commitment order in 2008&amp;ndash;2012 in six catchment areas in Norway, covering one-third of the Norwegian population aged 18 years or more. For a subsample of patients, we recorded use of in-patient care 3 years before and after their first-ever out-patient commitment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 id=&quot;sec_a4title&quot;&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p id=&quot;__p4&quot;&gt;Annual incidence varied between 20.7 and 28.4, and prevalence between 36.5 and 48.9, per 100 000 population aged 18 years or above. Rates differed significantly between catchment areas. Mean out-patient commitment duration was 727 days (s.d. = 889). Use of in-patient care decreased significantly in the 3 years after out-patient commitment compared with the 3 years before. Use of antipsychotic medication through the whole out-patient commitment period and fewer in-patient episodes in the 3 years before out-patient commitment predicted longer time to readmission.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 id=&quot;sec_a5title&quot;&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p id=&quot;__p5&quot;&gt;Mechanisms behind the pronounced variations in use of out-patient commitment between sites call for further studies. Use of in-patient care was significantly reduced in the 3 years after a first-ever out-patient commitment order was made.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 id=&quot;sec_a6title&quot;&gt;Declaration of interest&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p id=&quot;__p6&quot;&gt;None.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sep; 5(5): e75</style></issue><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TUD</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Unn E. Hammervold</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reidun Norvoll</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Randi W. Aas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hildegunn Sagvaag</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Post-incident review after restraint in mental health care -a potential for knowledge development, recovery promotion and restraint prevention. A scoping review.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BMC Health Services Research (Open Access)</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Debriefing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mental</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Post-incident review</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Recovery-oriented care</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reflection</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Restraint reduction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Restraints</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">04/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6480590/</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;h3 id=&quot;__sec1title&quot;&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p id=&quot;Par1&quot;&gt;Use of physical restraint is a common practice in mental healthcare, but is controversial due to risk of physical and psychological harm to patients and creating ethical dilemmas for care providers. Post-incident review (PIR), that involve patient and care providers after restraints, have been deployed to prevent harm and to reduce restraint use. However, this intervention has an unclear scientific knowledge base. Thus, the aim of this scoping review was to explore the current knowledge of PIR and to assess to what extent PIR can minimize restraint-related use and harm, support care providers in handling professional and ethical dilemmas, and improve the quality of care in mental healthcare.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 id=&quot;__sec2title&quot;&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p id=&quot;Par2&quot;&gt;Systematic searches in the MEDLINE, PsychInfo, Cinahl, Sociological Abstracts and Web of Science databases were carried out. The search terms were derived from the population, intervention and settings.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 id=&quot;__sec3title&quot;&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p id=&quot;Par3&quot;&gt;Twelve studies were included, six quantitative, four qualitative and two mixed methods. The studies were from Sweden, United Kingdom, Canada and United States. The studies&amp;rsquo; design and quality varied, and PIR s&amp;rsquo; were conducted differently. Five studies explored PIR s&amp;rsquo; as a separate intervention after restraint use, in the other studies, PIR s&amp;rsquo; were described as one of several components in restraint reduction programs. Outcomes seemed promising, but no significant outcome were related to using PIR alone. Patients and care providers reported PIR to: 1) be an opportunity to review restraint events, they would not have had otherwise, and 2) promote patients&amp;rsquo; personal recovery processes, and 3) stimulate professional reflection on organizational development and care.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 id=&quot;__sec4title&quot;&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p id=&quot;Par4&quot;&gt;Scientific literature directly addressing PIR s&amp;rsquo; after restraint use is lacking. However, results indicate that PIR may contribute to more professional and ethical practice regarding restraint promotion and the way restraint is executed. The practice of PIR varied, so a specific manual cannot be recommended. More research on PIR use and consequences is needed, especially PIR&amp;rsquo;s potential to contribute to restraint prevention in mental healthcare.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">235</style></issue><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsmidler</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bjørn Henning Østenstad</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Caroline Adolphsen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eva Naur</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Henriette Sinding Aasen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Selvbestemmelse og tvang i helse- og omsorgstjenesten</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Helsehjelp</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Motstand</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Samtykke</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Selvbestemmelse</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvang</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://bibsys-almaprimo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=BIBSYS_ILS71556463300002201&amp;context=U&amp;vid=UBTO&amp;lang=no_NO&amp;search_scope=default_scope</style></url></web-urls></urls><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></edition><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fagbokforlaget</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bergen</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">302</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-82-450-1982-7</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Retten til å bestemme over egen kropp er et grunnleggende utgangspunkt både i nasjonal lovgivning og etter menneskerettighetene. Det gjelder også i møte med helsepersonell som tilbyr helsehjelp av god kvalitet og ut fra de beste formål. Men hvor langt rekker dette synspunktet? Når må det likevel kunne gripes inn og gis hjelp uten samtykke, eventuelt under motstand? I ni artikler drøftes ulike sider ved denne problematikken, som er særlig aktuell overfor enkeltpersoner med psykisk funksjonssvikt. Blant temaene som drøftes, er forholdet til internasjonale menneskerettigheter, forståelsen av ulike tvangsbegreper, forsvarlighet, involvering av pårørende, tvangsmedisinering i psykisk helsevern og rettssikkerhet for barn. Boken er et samarbeid mellom norske og danske rettsforskere, og inneholder både prinsipielle drøftinger og avklaring av mer konkrete problemstillinger.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Etikk</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olaf Gjerløw Aasland</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tonje Lossius Husum</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reidun Førde</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reidar Pedersen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Store forskjeller i holdninger til tvang blant fagfolk i psykiatrien</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tidsskrift for Den Norske Laegeforening</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holdninger</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psykiater</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psykolog</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvang</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">04/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://tidsskriftet.no/2018/05/debatt/store-forskjeller-i-holdninger-til-tvang-blant-fagfolk-i-psykiatrien</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">138</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Som et ledd i myndighetenes forsøk på å redusere bruk av tvang i psykisk helsevern fikk Senter for medisinsk etikk ved Universitetet i Oslo i 2011&amp;nbsp;midler til et bredt anlagt prosjekt. Formålet var å bidra til mer kunnskap om etiske utfordringer ved bruk av tvang og hvordan slike best kan håndteres. Et sentralt delprosjekt for å redusere tvangsbruk var å prøve ut og evaluere etiske refleksjonsgrupper på avdelingsnivå (&lt;a href=&quot;https://tidsskriftet.no/2018/05/debatt/store-forskjeller-i-holdninger-til-tvang-blant-fagfolk-i-psykiatrien#ref1&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;I samarbeid med Legeforskningsinstituttet (LEFO) var et annet delprosjekt å gjennomføre en nasjonal spørreundersøkelse blant de fem vanligste yrkesgruppene i psykisk helsevern og rusvern; psykiatere, psykologer, sykepleiere, andre fagutdannede og hjelpeyrker, bl.a. for å kartlegge yrkesmessige forskjeller. Et av målene var å undersøke holdninger til tvang. Den første artikkelen fra dette delprosjektet er nylig publisert (&lt;a href=&quot;https://tidsskriftet.no/2018/05/debatt/store-forskjeller-i-holdninger-til-tvang-blant-fagfolk-i-psykiatrien#ref2&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;), og vi ønsker her å dele resultatene med en bredere offentlighet.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Via aktuelle fagorganisasjoner ble det sendt elektroniske spørreskjemaer til alle medlemmer som arbeidet med psykisk helse eller rus, til sammen 15 576 i hele landet. Med denne indirekte utsendelsen var det ikke mulig å purre, og svarprosenten var 7,5 (1 160/15 576). I spørreskjemaet var det seks kliniske situasjoner hvor bruk av tvang kunne være aktuelt (&lt;a href=&quot;https://tidsskriftet.no/2018/05/debatt/store-forskjeller-i-holdninger-til-tvang-blant-fagfolk-i-psykiatrien#box1&quot;&gt;ramme 1&lt;/a&gt;). I hver vignett var det foreslått 3&amp;ndash;5 handlingsalternativer, der minst ett innebar bruk av tvang. På to av vignettene (D og E) var noen av alternativene ulovlige, men dette var ikke nevnt i spørreskjemaet.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></issue><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Etikk</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jorun Rugkåsa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olav Nyttingnes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tone Breines Simonsen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jūratė Šaltytė Benth</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bjørn Lau</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Henriette Riley</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maria Løvsletteng</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tore Buer Christensen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ann-Torunn Andersen Austegard</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Georg Høyer</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The use of outpatient commitment in Norway: Who are the patients and what does it involve?</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coercion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Community psychiatry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Community Treatment Order</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Outpatient commitment</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160252718301900</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;div&gt;Purpose&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Despite one of the longest histories of using Outpatient Commitment (OC), little is known about the use in the Norwegian context. Reporting from the Norwegian Outpatient Commitment Study, this article aims to: establish the profile of the OC population in Norway; ascertain the legal justification for the use of OC and what OC involves for patients; investigate possible associations between selected patient and service characteristics and duration of OC, and; explore potential differences based on gender or rurality.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Methods&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;A retrospective multi-site study, extracting data from the medical records of all patients on OC in six large regional hospitals in 2008&amp;ndash;12, with detailed investigation over 36 months of the subsample of patients on first ever OC-order in 2008&amp;ndash;09. We use descriptive statistics to establish the profile of the OC population and the legal justification for and the content of OC, and logistic regression to examine factors associated with duration of OC over 36 months.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Results&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;1414 patients were on OC over the 5 years, and 274 had their first OC in 2008&amp;ndash;09. The sample included more men than woman, and three-quarters were diagnosed with schizophrenia. They had long service histories, including involuntary admissions. The legal justification for all OC-orders was the need for treatment, and 18% were additionally justified by dangerousness. The option to initiate OC directly from the community was not used in any of the 274 first ever OC-orders. While 98% of patients were prescribed psychotropic medication, under half had an Involuntary Treatment Order, which under the Norwegian OC regime is required in addition to the OC-order to oblige patients to accept treatment (usually medication). 60% of patients had &amp;ge;2 clinical contacts monthly. There were some gender differences in descriptive analyses with men generally being worse off, but no clear pattern in terms of rurality. Patients in the sample had been on OC between one week and 20 years. The median duration of OC over 36 months was 365 days. Three factors contributed to longer duration: the use of the dangerousness criterion; a diagnosis of schizophrenia disorder, and; considerable problems with substance abuse.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Conclusion&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The characteristics of the OC population in Norway are very similar to that reported in other jurisdictions. Medication seems to be the central focus of OC, yet additional Involuntary Treatment Orders are imposed for less than half of patients. While all OC-orders were justified by the need to ensure treatment, risk seems to be a concern for a subgroup of patients who are kept on for longer. How the 2017 amendment to the mental health act, which precludes compulsion for competent patients unless danger is present, will affect OC use, remains to be seen. Further studies should specifically focus on variation in the use of OC, including at the level of individual clinicians.&lt;/div&gt;</style></abstract><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TUD</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ahmed, Tazmeen Aqida Mushtaq</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Frihetsberøvet - imot din vilje, for ditt beste? De rettslige vilkårene for å etablere tvungent psykisk helsevern etter psykisk helsevernloven §3-3 og forholdet til CRPD artikkel 14</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">kriterier</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvungent psykisk helsevern</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vilkår</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">§3-3</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">08/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/56748/1/Kand-507.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UiO, Det juridiske fakultet</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oslo</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Sammendrag finnes ikke&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Master thesis</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">etikk</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aslaksen, Maya</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Idealer om brukermedvirkning i tvungent psykisk helsevern</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brukermedvirkning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">diskursanalyse</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">miljøterapi</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvungent psykisk helsevern</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/60077/1/Masteroppgave-med-kappe-og-forskningsartikkel--Maya-Aslaksen.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UiO, Det juridiske fakultet</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oslo</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Masteroppgaven består av en forkningsartikkel og en kappe basert på en kvalitativ studie av forståelser av brukermedvirkning, innenfor tvunget psykisk helsevern. Brukermedvirkning er en lovfestet rett og et grunnprinsipp i faglige retningslinjer for behandling, av personer med psykisk helseproblemer. Tidligere studier viser at brukermedvirkning er et flertydig begrep. Hensikten med studien er å tydeliggjøre hva miljøterapeuter legger i begrepet brukermedvirkning i tvungent psykisk helsevern, samt hvilke diskurser som viser seg når de snakker om dette. Diskursteori inspirert av Laclau og Mouffe er utgangspunkt for analysene. Teori om makt ved Michel Foucault ble benyttet til å belyse maktaspekter ved hjelperelasjonen. Annemarie Mols teorier om valglogikk og omsorgslogikk ble benyttet for å belyse funnenes implikasjoner. Studien er basert på kvalitativ og eksplorativ forskningsmetode. Det ble benyttet fokusgruppeintervju for å innhente data, og deretter ble det gjort en diskursanalyse av de transkriberte tekstene. Funnene viser at informantene snakker innenfor en &amp;laquo;diskurs om borgerrettigheter&amp;raquo; og en &amp;laquo;diskurs om terapi&amp;raquo;. Innenfor borgerrettighetsdiskursen ble brukermedvirkning beskrevet som pasientens rett til å kunne ta egne valg i behandlingen. Begrepet knyttes da til et ideal om autonomi, med et premiss om rasjonalitet. Informantene ilegger et slikt begrep liten relevans innenfor tvungent psykisk helsevern. Innenfor terapidiskursen beskrives medvirkning som pasientens deltakelse i egen behandling. Medvirkningen knyttes til et ideal om god behandling, der den terapeutiske betydningen av å medvirke vektlegges. Studien viser at det innenfor rammen av tvungent psykisk helsevern eksisterer svært ulike forståelsesrammer for et begrep, som både i helsepolitiske dokumenter og faglige retningslinjer, fremholdes som en grunnpilar i behandling av psykiske helseproblemer.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Master&amp;#39;s thesis consists of a papers article and a cloak based on a qualitative study of understanding of user involvement, within involuntary mental health care. User involvement is a statutory right, and a basic principle in professional guidelines for treatment. However, earlier studies show that user involvement is an ambiguous term. The purpose of the study is to examine how milieu therapist&amp;rsquo;s talk about the concept of user involvement, in involuntary mental health care, and which discourses that emerge when they talk about the concept. For the analyses, I used Laclau and Mouffe&amp;rsquo;s discourse theory. Michel Foucault&amp;rsquo;s theories on power were used to illuminate power issues. I also used Annemarie Mol&amp;rsquo;s theories of the &amp;laquo;Logic of Care&amp;rdquo; and the &amp;laquo;Logic of Choice&amp;raquo; to discuss the implications of my findings.The study had a qualitative design, with focus group interviews. Two different focus groups were set up in two hospitals within the Regional Health Authority of &amp;ldquo;Helse Sør -Øst&amp;rdquo;. Each group participated in two interviews. The interviews were transcribed, and analyzed using a discourse analytical approach. The analysis of the material shows that the way in which the informants talk about user participation is framed by a &amp;ldquo;Discourse on Citizen Rights&amp;rdquo; and a &amp;ldquo;Discourse on Therapy&amp;rdquo;. When speaking within a Discourse on Citizen Rights, user participation is described as the patient&amp;#39;s right to make his or her own choices regarding the treatment. The concept is linked to autonomy and a premise of rationality. The informants describe such a notion as having limited relevance for involuntary mental health care. Within a Discourse on Therapy, user participation is described as the patient participating in the treatment. It is linked to the value of good treatment, and the therapeutic importance of participation is emphasized. This study reveals that there are contradictory understandings of a term that appears in health policy documents as a pillar in treatment of mental health problems.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Master thesis</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">etikk</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inge Joa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kjetil Hustoft</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liss Gøril Anda</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kolbjørn Brønnick</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olav Nielssen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan Olav Johannessen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Johannes H. Langeveld</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public attitudes towards involuntary admission and treatment by mental health services in Norway</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Journal of Law and Psychiatry</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">November-December 2017</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12.10.2017</style></edition><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">55</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-7</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">November-December 2017</style></issue><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bert Molewijk</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Almar Kok</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tonje Husum</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reidar Pedersen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olaf Aasland</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Staff’s normative attitudes towards coercion: the role of moral doubt and professional context—a cross-sectional survey study</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BMC Medical Ethics</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">37</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Etikk, Tvangsinnleggelse</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ahmad, Mabroor</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elektrokonvulsiv behandling (ECT) med samtykke og på tvang</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ECT</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nødrett</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Samtykke</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsbehandling</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">03/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/55056/ECT--samtykke-og-tvang.pdf?sequence=5&amp;isAllowed=n</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UiO, Det juridiske fakultet</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oslo</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;BAKGRUNN:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;I Norge er behandling med ECT i samsvar med loven bare hvis informert samtykke foreligger, men behandlingen gis likevel på tvang i nødrettsituasjoner. METODE: Innhentet kunnskapsgrunnlag ble vurdert i lys av medisinsk-etiske prinsipper. Etiske overveielser ble sammenholdt med juridiske føringer på området. RESULTATER: ECT, gitt på korrekt indikasjon, er en trygg og effektiv behandlingsmetode sammenlignet med annen behandling. Pasienter vil oppleve kognitive bivirkninger av ECT, men behandlingen kan likevel forvares etisk. Informert samtykke er eneste gyldige hjemmelsgrunnlag for behandling med ECT i Norge. Ved alvorlig depresjon med uttalt ernæringsvegring eller selvmordsadferd vil imidlertid ECT kunne være den eneste akuttbehandlingen som er tilstrekkelig for å redde liv eller forhindre alvorlig helseskade. Profesjonsetikken kan da kreve av helsepersonell at behandling med ECT gis, selv om dette må gjøres med tvang. Gjeldende rettstilstand tillater tvungen behandling med ECT på nødrett i Norge, men inngripenen mangler spesifikk lovhjemmel. I Sverige er ECT gitt på tvang tillatt på lik linje med annen tvungen psykiatrisk behandling, mens i Danmark er det spesifikk lovhjemmel med nødrettslignende vilkår som må være oppfylt for tvungen behandling med ECT. FORTOLKNING: Økende vektlegging av pasientens autonomi, informert samtykke og samtykkekompetanse i helselovgivningen stiller høye krav til helsepersonells vurderinger, rolleforståelse og kommunikasjon. I bestemte situasjoner kan det være nødvendig å gi inngripende behandling med tvang. Gjeldende rettstilstand i Norge tillater systematisk anvendelse av tvungen behandling med ECT på nødrett, men den juridiske konstruksjonen er uholdbar. Vilkårene som ligger til grunn for tvungen behandling med ECT på nødrettsgrunnlag, bør lovfestes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;BACKGROUND:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Treatment with ECT in Norway is legal only with informed consent. Yet the treatment is done with coercion in some situations on the grounds of necessity. METHODS: The platform of knowledge for ECT was obtained and assessed in light of principles of biomedical ethics. Ethical considerations were compared to legal regulations in the area. RESULTS: Compared with other treatments, ECT is safe and effective when given on correct indications. Patients experience adverse cognitive effects of the treatment, and for some patients the adverse effects may be considerable. Nevertheless, the treatment can be defended on the basis of ethical principles. Informed consent is the only legal basis for treatment with ECT in Norway. In major depression with severe suicidality or food refusal, ECT may be the only acute treatment sufficient to prevent death or severe health injury. Professional ethics may then require health personnel to do this intervention, even if it has to be done by coercion. The legal position today in Norway is that compulsory treatment with ECT on the grounds of necessity is allowed, but the intervention lacks specific legal authority. Swedish law allows ECT as a compulsory psychiatric treatment, while Danish law reserves the use of ECT to life-threatening conditions. CONCLUSION: In certain situations, compulsory psychiatric treatment may be necessary. The Norwegian legislation has an increased focus on patient rights, but the use of ECT as a compulsory treatment in life-threatening situations lacks proper legal authority. This should be solved by fixing by law the current practice.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Master thesis</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">etikk</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andresen, Lisa Marie Sveen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dom på tvungent psykisk helsevern - materielle vilkår for å etablere og opprettholde reaksjonen</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dom</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Straffeloven</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">strafferett</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">særreaksjon</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvungent psykisk helsevern</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">03/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/49637/1/510.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UiO, Det juridiske fakultet</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oslo</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Temaet for denne oppgaven er den strafferettslige særreaksjonen tvungent psykisk helsevern. Frem til nå har dom på overføring til tvungent psykisk helsevern blitt regulert av straffeloven 1902 &amp;sect; 39 og &amp;sect; 39b. Straffeloven 2005 trådte i kraft 1. oktober 2015, og oppgaven vil derfor ta utgangspunkt i denne loven. Hovedproblemstillingen er hvilke vilkår som må være oppfylt for at en lovbryter skal kunne tvinges til å være underlagt tvungent psykisk helsevern. For å svare på dette spørsmålet må man se på både vilkårene for å etablere reaksjonen, jf. &amp;sect; 62, og vilkårene for å opprettholde den, jf. &amp;sect; 65. Oppgaven vil videre se på om disse vilkårene har endret seg fra da særreaksjonen ble opprettet og frem til gjeldende rett, samt hvordan vilkårene kan utvikle seg i fremtiden.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Master thesis</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">etikk</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sebergsen, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Norberg, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Talseth A.-G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Being in a process of transition to psychosis, as narrated by adults with psychotic illnesses acutely admitted to hospital</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jpm.12158/pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-10</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal article</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kjetil Hustoft</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tor Ketil Larsen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bjørn Auestad</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inge Joa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan Olav Johanessen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Torleif Ruud</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Predictors of involuntary hospitalizations to acute psychiatry</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Journal of Law and Psychiatry</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160252713000071</style></url></web-urls></urls><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">36</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse, Etikk</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bak Jesper</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Helle Aggernæs</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coercion within Danish psychiatry compared with 10 other European countries</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nordic Journal of Psychiatry</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.3109/08039488.2011.632645</style></url></web-urls></urls><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">66</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse, Tvangsmidler, Etikk</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>46</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ann-Torunn Andersen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Margaretha Dramsdahl</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Egil Anders Haugen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jarle Johannessen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Urd Loftesnes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geir Olsen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ingvild Bua</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monica Borge Fosse</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kunnskapssenteret</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mekaniske tvangsmidler – bruk i psykisk helsevern</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.helsebiblioteket.no/microsite/fagprosedyrer/fagprosedyrer/mekaniske-tvangsmidler-bruk-i-psykisk-helsevern</style></url></web-urls></urls><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Helsebibliokteket </style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsmidler</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kristin Andersen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Skjerming som metode i akuttpsykiatrisk avdeling. En studie av noen sykepleieres erfaringer</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Medisinske fakultet. Sykepleiervitenskap.</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.duo.uio.no/handle/123456789/28212</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Universitetet i Oslo</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DUO . Digitale utgivelser ved UiO</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Master</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Master</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsmidler </style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>19</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sjur O. Anda</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Åpen innleggelse gav bedre liv</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tidsskrift for Norsk Psykologforening</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.psykologtidsskriftet.no/index.php?seks_id=102990&amp;a=3</style></url></web-urls></urls><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">47</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse, Erfaringsbaserte</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>12</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anders Johan W. Andersen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tonje Lossius Husum</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvang og tilgjengelighet</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tidsskrift for psykisk helsearbeid</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.idunn.no/tph/2010/02</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tvangsinnleggelse</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Henriette Aasen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Frivillighet, tvang og menneskeverd ved innleggelse i det psykiske helsevernet: Etiske og juridiske utfordringer</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tidsskrift for Norsk Psykologforening</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.psykologtidsskriftet.no/index.php?seks_id=99220&amp;a=2</style></url></web-urls></urls><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">46</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Etikk, Tvangsinnleggelse</style></label></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ann-Torunn Andersen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Integritet og rom : Om hvordan pasient og miljøpersonale opplever å være i samme rom over et lengre tidsrom i en psykiatrisk akuttavdeling</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Akutt</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">akuttavdeling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">akuttpost</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">miljøpersonal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pasientopplevelse</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">psykose</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Skjerming</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sykepleie</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UiO, Det teologiske fakultet, profesjonsutdanning og diakonvitenskap</style></publisher><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Bakgrunn, metode og teori&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;I denne studien har jeg undersøkt hvordan pasienter og miljøpersonale opplever å være i samme rom over et lengre tidsrom i psykiatrisk akuttavdeling. Jeg gir stor plass i oppgaven til den livsverden som pasienter og miljøpersonale forteller meg om. Pasientene, som gjennomlevde en psykotisk periode, hadde fått iverksatt skjerming med personalvakt eller fastvakt.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gjennom kvalitative intervjuer er det undersøkt hvordan pasienter og miljøpersonale opplever sin integritet ivaretatt eller truet, og hvilke fagetiske dilemmaer personalet møter når de skal ivareta egen og pasienters integritet. Fire pasientene ble intervjuet den siste uken de var innlagt ved en akuttpsykiatrisk avdeling. De hadde vært i samme rom med personalet fra noen dager til flere måneder mens de var innlagt. Seks miljøpersonale ble også intervjuet, og forteller om opplevelser fra å være i samme rom med pasienter, nødvendigvis ikke dem jeg har intervjuet, men om gode og dårlige opplevelser i forhold til det å være i samme rom med den gruppen pasienter som er omtalt over.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Materialet er analysert og drøftet i lys av eksistensiell fenomenologisk teori med vekt på temaene integritet og rom og sammenhengen mellom dem. Ronald D. Laing og Maurice Meleau- Ponty er teoretisk de to viktigste bidragsyterne i denne studien, men også Søren Kierkegaard og Petter Kemp anvendes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Resultater og refleksjon&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Et sentralt tema i oppgaven er hvordan rommet, og de rommene som trer fram i rommet, berører integriteten, og hvordan identitet og integritet også influerer på forståelsen av rommet (ene). De rommene som trer fram i analysen er eksistensielt rom, perseptuelt rom, kroppsrom, intersubjektivt rom, imaginære rom, private rom, sosiale rom, fysiske rom, handlingsrom og bevegelsesrom. De er alle uttrykk for ulike sider ved det å være i samme rom. For både pasienter og personalet er det fenomener som trer fram i rommet som både fremmer og truer integriteten for den enkelte. Det som truer eller fremmer integriteten for den ene gruppen er nødvendigvis ikke sammenfallende med hva som truer og fremmer integriteten for den andre gruppen. Det kom også fram at et fenomen som truer eller ivaretar integriteten på et tidspunkt kan oppleves annerledes på et annet tidspunkt.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Pasientmateriale&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;I tre av fire intervju var pasientene spesielt opptatt av hvor vanskelig det var å utholde sin egen situasjon i den perioden de var i samme rom som et personale. Pasientenes situasjon var forskjellig, men de forteller om kaotisk tankeinnhold, frykt for verden omkring, høyt motorisk tempo og vansker med å kjenne den kroppslige substans. På forskjellige måter opplevde de et fragmentert og utydelig selv. Denne eksistensielle situasjonen medførte en trussel mot deres integritet. Det var gjennomgående at oppmerksomheten til pasienten var vendt innover og flere kjempet med påtrengende hallusinatoriske inntrykk. Det gjorde det vanskelig å forholde seg til omverdenen, væren-med-andre, og personalet kom i bakgrunnen og kunne i perioder bli utydelige. Flere pasienter beskriver det å være i samme rom som å være i fengsel og at personalets tilstedeværelse var for tett på og varte for lenge. Det kunne også oppleves trygt å ha noen i nærheten, og særlig for en kortere periode. I analysen viser jeg at identitet og integritet influerer på hvordan rommene fremstår for den enkelte. Noen rom ble ørsmå. Det er mange vitnesbyrd i materialet om hva som kan åpne rommene, men også hva som kan fortrenge rommene og fratar mennesket dets frihet.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Miljøpersonalmateriale&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Et personale beskriver hvordan et strengt skjermingsregime oppleves som lite ivaretaende overfor pasienten og blir et fagetisk dilemma som også truer personalets integritet. En annen historie, fra et annet personale, gir flere eksempler på hvordan en ivaretar pasientens integritet, og som igjen styrker integriteten til den ansatte. Over halvparten av personalet er kritiske til det omfang med skjerming med personalvakt og fastvakt som finner sted i avdelingen. De opplever at det ofte oppstår en praksis som de mener er for rigid. Det vanligste var at ett personale fikk tildelt oppgaven å være i samme rom med en pasient annenhver time i løpet av en vakt og at fire til fem andre medarbeidere fordelte resten av timene. Over halvparten av tiden var det ufaglærte som var sammen med pasientene i disse situasjonene. Det kom også fram at det var avstand mellom hva som nedtegnes i de formelle vedtakene og hvordan fenomenene fremtrer i den praktiske hverdag. Jeg har registrert at pasienter og miljøpersonale var langt hyppigere i samme rom over et lengre tidsrom i de sengepostene som samtidig hadde størst overbelegg. Om fenomenet å være i samme rom finner hyppigere sted fordi det er lite egnede lokaler, eller fordi korridorene er fylt opp av pasienter i korridorsenger er omfanget i denne studien for lite til å si noe eksplisitt om. Det kan være en spennende problemstilling i en ny studie. Minst halvparten av de 12 pasientene jeg kartla opplevde at fenomenet varte i flere måneder. Jeg fikk kun intervjuet en pasient som hadde opplevd dette over et så langt tidsrom. Det er grunn til å tro at jeg ikke har fått intervjuet de som gjennomlever de største eksistensielle lidelsene i denne gruppen. I en ny studie, med tilgang til større metodisk mangfold (bl.a feltstudier) og lengre tidsperspektiv, vil det å søke kunnskap om hvordan noen av de sykeste pasientene i psykiatrien opplever dette fenomenet bli et nyttig og spennende felt å utforske.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sammenfatning&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Jeg gir i denne studien ordet til pasienter i en eksistensiell situasjon så smertefull at den truer både identitet og integritet, og til personalet som skal møte denne smerten. I materialet er det mange vitnesbyrd om å være i samme rom, men det er også vitnesbyrd om å være i hvert sitt rom og i rom på ulike plan og nivå. Identitet fordrer rom og integritet fordrer kontakt mellom rommene. Rommene er tvetydige, de er i kontinuerlig i forandring og står i forhold til hverandre. Det kommer fram i intervjuene, både med pasienter og miljøpersonale, at det å være i samme rom i mange situasjoner oppleves problematisk for begge parter. Når to mennesker er tett på hverandre, og den fysiske bevegelsesradiusen er så begrenset som beskrevet i denne oppgaven, så står mange rom i, mellom og omkring dem i fare for å bli krenket. Samtidig er det nettopp i noen av de nære møtene, men ikke for nær, inne på et pasientværelse at helbredelse noen ganger kan finne sted.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mastergradsoppgave</style></work-type><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tvangsmidler</style></label></record></records></xml>